Technical Matters - EEXI, CIIs, and the route to compliance.

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Overridable power limitation (OPL) – including both engine power limitation (EPL) and shaft power limitation (ShaPoLi) – offers an immediate ... decarbonisation 07/21 TechnicalMatters. TechnicalinsightsfromLR-expertsyoucantrust. Expert VoiceClass News TechnicalinsightsfromLR–expertsyoucantrust. DrChrisCraddock EEXI,CIIs,andtheroutetocompliance TechnicalAdvisory&ShipPerformanceManager. EEXI,CIIs,andtheroutetocompliance. Inthesecondofourtwo-partserieslookingatdecarbonisationanditsimpactontheglobalfleet,DrChrisCraddock–TechnicalAdvisory&ShipPerformanceManageratLR–discussesthepathtowardscomplianceandtheneedforacontext-sensitiveapproachtoregulationslikeEEXIandoperationalcarbonintensityindicators(CIIs). TheEnergyEfficiencyExistingShipIndex(EEXI)willbeadoptedinJunethisyear.Whenitcomesintoforceinlate2022,allshipswillneedtomeetstrictnewlimitationsontheamountofCO2emittedpercapacitytonnemile.TheywillneedtodosobeforethedateoftheirnextsurveyforissuingtheInternationalAirPollutionPreventionCertificate(IAPCC),inlinewithIMO-providedrequirementsfortheirsizeandtype. Thisdoesn’tleavemuchtimetoprepareshouldavessel’ssurveydatefallwithindaysofthecompliancedeadline.Thosewithlaterscheduledsurveyswillhavealittlemoretime,ofcourse. EEXIisn’ttheonlydecarbonisationmeasureonthehorizon,however.OperationalCarbonIntensityIndicators(CIIs)willsoonputevenfurtherscrutinyonvesselsof5,000grosstonnageorover.ShipsinthiscategorywillbegivenaratingfromAtoE(whereAisbest),basedonacalculationofAER= totalCO2emitted / DWT.nm forthemajority,andcgDIST= totalCO2emitted / GT.nm forcruiseships,vehiclecarriers,andROPAXvessels.Theformerusesdeadweighttonnageinthecalculation,thelattergrosstonnage. WhilethenewEEXIregulationpresentsaninitialtargettoaimfor,theintroductionofCIIratingsmayrequiremoreaction.Itisadvisable,therefore,thattechnicalmanagersandownerstaketheopportunitypresentedbytheirEEXIanalysistodaytotakearathermorestrategicapproachtodecarbonisationfortomorrow. Overridablepowerlimitation(OPL)–includingbothenginepowerlimitation(EPL)andshaftpowerlimitation(ShaPoLi)–offersanimmediatecomplianceoptionforEEXI.Itisrelativelynon-invasive,hasalowcapitalcost,andisapplicabletomostshiptypes.Atthesametime,however,itsabilitytoimpactsubsequentCIIratingswillbelimitedduetoexistingoperationalspeedsandaveragemainengineloads. Putsimply,whileOPLmayofferatickettothedecarbonisationgame,itisunlikelytobeenoughtokeepyouinitforlong.Therefore,shouldadaptionsorchangestovesseloperationsberequiredtomeettheincomingEEXIrequirement,itmaymakecommercialsensetoalsoconsiderstepstoaddressoperationalcarbonintensityreductionsimultaneously.Thatwaythevesselcanavoidmakingfurtheradaptionsintherelativelynearfuture. Navigatingcompliance ForvesselsthatwillfailtomeettherequiredEEXIandwhereoptionsneedtobeassessedforcompliance,theapproachemployedneedstoalsoconsiderhowtheoptionswillimpacttheCIIratingofthevesselandmaintainratingsofAtoC. AtLR,wedothisbyutilisingtheguidelinesfromtheMarineEnvironmentProtectionCommittee.Thisallowsustoexplore:   • Thepercentageofengineorshaftpowerlimitationthatwouldberequiredtoachievecompliance.   • Theextenttowhichthevessel’smaximumspeedcouldbereducedifEPLwasemployed.   • TheminimumpowerofanyshipsubjecttoMARPOLAnnexVIRegulation21forwhichanon-overridablepowerlimitationorde-ratingwillbeusedtoachieveEEXIcompliance.   • ThepotentialapplicationofinnovativeEnergyEfficiencyTechnologies(EET)asapracticalalternativetoEPL.   • TheexpectedperformanceimprovementsandcostsofEETretrofitting(includingtechnologiessuchaspre-ducts/stators,propellerbosscapfins,windassisttechnology,advancedhullcoatingsandairlubrication). Abespokeapproachlikethisiskeybecausetheenergyefficiencyofeveryshipcanvarygreatlydependingonitsclass,size,age,andtheextenttowhichithasbeenmodifiedsinceitwasdelivered. Contextiskey,particularlyinthecaseofEPL–somethingthatcanbeproblematicfortwoshiptypesinparticular:ROPAXandsteamturbine-poweredgasships. ROPAXvesselshavehotelloads(lighting,airconditioning,galleys,andmore)andstrictroutetimingstocontendwith.ManyownerswillnaturallyquestionwhetherEPLisasuitablemethodofdecarbonisation. WhileEPLcanstillworkforROPAXships,thealternativeofhydrodynamicretrofitssuchasbulbousbowsandaftappendagemodificationscanhaveaconsiderablepositiveimpactonoperationalperformance. Inthecaseofsteamturbine-poweredgascarriers,specificallyoldervesselswithnoreliquificationsystems,theirLiquefiedNaturalGas(LNG)cargoboilsduringajourney.Theresultantboil-offneedstobeburntthroughtheengines.ButwithEPLlevelsasmuchas50%to60%requiredforcompliance,itmayproveimpossibletoconsumethenaturalboil-offgas.TheIMOhasalreadyacknowledgedthisandintendstomakeallowancesforthesevesselstopreventharmfulmethaneemissionstotheenvironment,andensurethesafetyofthevesselandhercrew. ThefullramificationsofEEXIandCIIswillcontinuetobecomeclearasimplementationdatesdrawcloser.Inthemeantime,flexibility–andtheabilitytothinkaboutlong-termbenefitsratherthanjustshort-termgains–willbekey. Thereisno“bestway”toimproveaship’sCIIratingorEEXIcompliance–onlytheonethatdeliversthegreatestdecarbonisationimpactatanacceptablereturnoninvestment. ClickheretovistourEEXIresourcespage Published20May2021. 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