Complying with EEXI – how to speed up decarbonisation ...

It is believed that most shipowners will seek to comply with EEXI by adopting either engine power limitation (EPL) or shaft power limitation ( ... 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Safetyatwork Supplychainmanagement Peopleandculture Climateandenvironment Materials Energy Water Airemissions Waste Environmentalcosts Certifiedcompanies Fiveyearsinfigures Contactinformation Home Insights Article ComplyingwithEEXI–howtospeedupdecarbonisationwithoutslowingdownvessels ComplyingwithEEXI–howtospeedupdecarbonisationwithoutslowingdownvessels TimeisrunningoutforvesselownerstocomplywiththeIMO’sEEXIandCIImeasures.Whatarethepathwaystocompliance,andhowcanWärtsilähelp? 07Sep2021 6min Enginesystems Propulsion Electricalsystems Decarbonisation&futurefuels Lifecycleservices HowcanshipownerscomplywiththeEnergyEfficiencyExistingShipIndex(EEXI)andimprovetheCarbonIntensityIndicator(CII)ofavesselwithoutreducingsailingspeeds?Inthisarticlewetakeacloserlookatthepotentialroutesforcompliance andthealternativetechnologiesavailabletoimproveenergyefficiency.InJunethisyear,theIMO’sMarineEnvironmentProtectionCommittee(MEPC76)adoptedanumberoftechnicalandoperationalmeasuresaimedatreducingthecarbonintensityofinternationalshipping.Thesemeasures,whichapplyfrom2023,include theEnergyEfficiencyExistingShipIndex(EEXI),whichdefinesaminimumenergyefficiencylevelforexistingvessels,alongwiththeCarbonIntensityIndicator(CII)ratingscheme,whichgivesvesselsanannualratingonascaleofAtoE,with Abeingtheleastcarbonintensive.ItisbelievedthatmostshipownerswillseektocomplywithEEXIbyadoptingeitherenginepowerlimitation(EPL)orshaftpowerlimitation(ShaPoLi),withthelatterpotentiallybeingthepreferredchoiceformulti-enginesetups.Regardlessoftheroute chosen,theresultwillbeareductionintheamountofpowerdeliveredtothepropellerandthereforeapotentiallong-termimpactonavessel’seconomicperformance.  WeighingupthealternativesWhilespeedreductionmightbeavalidoptionforvesselswithhighinstalledpowerandhighdesignspeed,forvesselssuchastankersandbulkers,whicharedesignedtosailatmuchlowerspeeds,EPLandShaPoLisolutionsmayofferlimitedbenefitsin termsofcommercialflexibilityandattractivenesstocharterers.Wärtsilähasrecentlybeenworkingwithacustomertoexaminetheoperationalprofilesofoneofitsbulkersoverthelast12months.Inthiscase,whileaspeedreductionof5%enabledbyEPLwasacceptablewhenconsideringtheaveragevessel speed,itwouldhaveimpactedaround15%ofthevessel’ssailingdaysoverthe12-monthperiodwhenthevesselneededtosailathigherspeeds.AnotherlimitingeffectofEPLandShaPoLiisthattheydonotresultinanyrealimpactonavessel’s carbonfootprintandthereforehavenobenefitintermsofthevessel’sCIIrating. So,whatarethealternativesandhowcanshipownersimprovetheirEEXIwithoutreducingsailingspeeds?“Theadoptionofnew,cleanerfuelsiscurrentlyahottopic,butgiventhatthedeadlineforcomplianceisonly18monthsawayadoptiononafleet-widelevelseemshighlyimprobable.Thereare,however,optionsintheformofalready-availableenergyefficiencytechnologies.  EnergySavingDevices(ESDs)ESDshaveadirectimpactonvesselpropulsionefficiencybyreducinghullresistanceandimprovingpropellerthrust.Wärtsiläofferspre-andpost-swirldevicessuchasWärtsiläEnergoFlowandWärtsiläEnergoProFinaswellashigh-performance hullcoatingstoreduceresistanceandfouling.Installingareplacementpropellerthatisoptimisedforthevessel’scurrentoperationalprofilealsoofferssignificantpotentialbenefits.Dependingonthevesseltype,energysavingsinthe regionof5–10%canbeachievedbycombiningESDsandanoptimisedpropeller.TheproblemisthatmanyyoungervesselsalreadyhaveESDsinstalled,sotheroomforimprovementislimited.ForthisreasonwemayseealternativeESDssuchasair lubricationsystemsandwindrotors–whicharealsopartoftheWärtsiläportfolio–continuetogaintractioninthemarket.  ShaftgeneratorsystemsShaftgeneratorsystems,whichhavebeenaroundforseveraldecades,aimtocoveravessel’sonboardelectricityneedswhilesailingbyutilisingthemainengineasopposedtotheauxiliaryengines.Withthehelpofmodernconvertertechnologies andsoftware,thesesystemscanproduceelectricityacrossawideenginerpmrange.Duetotheirpositiveimpactonavessel’sEnergyEfficiencyDesignIndex(EEDI–thecorrespondingindextoEEXIfornewbuilds)theyarenowstandard onboardmostnewbuilds,andwiththerapidlyapproachingEEXIdeadlinetherehasbeenahugeincreaseindemandintheretrofitmarketaswell. Withthepotentialtoimproveavessel’senergyefficiencyby3–5%andreducebothfuelcostsandOPEX,shaftgeneratorsystemstypicallyhaveanROIofaroundfiveyearsforabulkerortanker,andthisperiodbecomesevenshorterasthe numberofsailingdaysincreases.ForvesselswithexistingESDs,shaftgeneratorsareoftenseenasthenext-besttechnicaloptiontoachieveEEXIcompliancewhilereducingOPEXandpositivelyimpactingtheCIIrating.Over550vesselssailingtoday arebenefitingfromWärtsiläshaftgeneratorsystems. HybridisationAhybridsystemtypicallycombinesanenergystoragesystemandaconventionalengine.Itisavailableasbothastandardsolutionfornewbuildsandasaretrofitsolutionforexistingvessels.Wärtsilähasbeenpilotinghybridsystemssince thedawnofthistechnology,startingwithanoffshorevesselin2011,andisnowthemarketleaderinhybridsystemsfornewbuildsandexistingvesselsalike.Whilearetrofithasobviousadvantagesforvesselswithadynamicpositioningsystem,wheretotalfuelconsumptioncanbecutbyupto20%,theadvantagesformerchantvesselsarenotsoobvious.Ahybridsystemcanoptimiseauxiliaryengineutilisation onamerchantvessel,reducingrunninghoursbyintroducingstart-stoplogicandoptimisingfuelconsumption.OnethingtonoteisthatthebenefitsofahybridsystemalonearenotyettakenintoaccountintheEEXIformulaasitdoesnotreducethetotalinstalledpower.AnEEXIimpactof4%andavastlysuperiorROIcanbeexpectedwhenthehybridsystemisintendedtobeanintegralpartofa‘freepower-sourcetechnology’installationsuchasphotovoltaiccells.Inadditiontotheonboardenergyoptimisation describedabove,thehybridsystemisinthiscaseintendedtoenableanevengreaterlevelofoptimisationbyintegratingthefunctionalitiesandproductivityofsolarpowerproductionwithonboardauxiliaryenginesandusingbatteriesasastorage buffer.Wärtsiläiscurrentlypilotingsuchasystem.  Inadditiontoenablingimmediateenergysavings,hybridisationshouldalsobeviewedasabridgetothefuture.Newpower-productiontechnologiessuchasfuelcellsandenginesthatcanrunoncleanerfuturefuelswilllikelyrequirehybridsystemintegration toensuresafetyandoperationalstability,especiallyintransientloadconditionsorwhenconnectedtoshore-powersystemsinport.  FuturefuelsWhilefuturefuelshaveacriticalroletoplayinhelpingthemaritimeindustrytoachievetheIMO’stargettoreducethecarbonintensityofinternationalshippingby40%by2030,thepathaheadislitteredwithuncertainties. LNGisbothanestablishedrealityinthenewbuildmarketandanexcellentoptionforretrofits;itinstantlyanddrasticallyreducesCO2,NOx,SOxandparticulateemissions.Itiswellestablishedasamaritimefuelaroundtheworldinvirtuallyevery vesselsegment,withmaturelegislationframeworksandrobustbunkeringinfrastructure. Methanoliscurrentlyattractingagreatdealofattentionasanalternativefuelfornewbuildsandretrofits.Methanol’sphysicalpropertiesmakeitanattractiveoption,andtheuseofhydrogenfromrenewableelectricityandrecapturedcarbon tomakegreenmethanolwouldmakeitcarbonneutral. Wärtsiläisoneofthefewmarineenginebuilderstohaveexperiencewithmethanolengines.AprojecttoconvertaWärtsiläZ40engineonthero-paxvesselStenaGermanicatoburnmethanolbeganin2015.Theenginenowrunsmainly onmethanol,andthesuccessoftheinstallationhasinspiredWärtsilätoinvestigatethisfuelfurther.LearnaboutWärtsilä’sholisticMarineMethanolConversion.Inthelongerterm,ammoniaandultimatelyhydrogenrepresentthe100%carbon-freefuelsofthefuture.Interestinthesefuelsisincreasing,andWärtsilähasalreadyestablisheditselfasatechnologicalleader.Readmoreinourdeep-dive articleonammoniaasamarinefuel. Itisclearthatallthesefuturefuelscanhaveasignificantpositiveimpactonavessel’sEEXIandCIIrating.Nevertheless,theirimplementationrequiressignificantinvestmentinbothbunkeringinfrastructureandonboardfuelstorageandhandling systems. EnsuringoptimalengineperformanceInthediscussionarounddecarbonisation,vesselownersandoperatorsarefacedwithanarrayofoptionsintermsofenergy-savinghardwareandsoftware.Butonebasicthingissometimesoverlooked:ensuringthattheenginesthemselvesareoperatingas efficientlyaspossible.Wärtsilä’srangeoflifecycleserviceagreementsisdesignedtooffertherightlevelofservicetoensurejustthat.Thestartingpointforoptimalengineperformance–andthereforeminimisedemissions–istomakesurethatthepowertrainissetuptomatchthevessel’soperatingprofile. Engineretrofitsandimprovementsinoperatingtheengines canenablesubstantialfuelsavings,andthereforeasignificantreductioninemissions.Equallyimportantistoensurethattheseassetsareproperlymaintained.Everysinglecomponenthasaparttoplay;forexample,exchangingafilterorcleaning anaircoolerattherighttimecanhelptocutfuelconsumption.Datacollectionandexpertanalysiscanbeemployedtoidentifytheoptimaltimingforsuchmaintenanceinterventions.WärtsiläLifecycleAgreementsareavailablewithvaryinglevelsofsupportdependingonthecustomer’sneeds,butallarebasedonsolid,actionabledata.Thethree-layeredcombinationofrule-basedlimits,anomalydetectionandhuman expertiseiswhatkeepsourcustomers’assetsnotjustupandrunningbutrunninginawaythatcontributestoratherthantakesawayfromtheoveralldecarbonisationeffortsofthevessel.Thefourpathwaysdiscussedinthisarticle–ESDs,shaftgeneratorsystems,hybridisationandfuturefuels–arecapableofhelpingshipownerstocomplywithEEXIwithoutrequiringthemtoacceptalossofspeed;inadditiontheyalsoimprove avessel’sCarbonIntensityIndexratingbyreducingthecarbonfootprint,enhancingitsreputationintheeyesofinvestorsandfinancialinstitutions. Interestedinlearningmore?ReadourInsightsarticleonLNGconversionsandlearnaboutgreenhousegasreductioninmethane-fuelledvessels.WatchourwebinartolearnhowWärtsiläisdeliveringfuelefficiencyandcuttinggreenhousegasemissionsthroughmethane slipreduction.  Writtenby CharlieBass Relatedsolutions EnergySavingDevices Asawarenessoftheworkrequiredtomeettherequirementsfor2030andbeyondgrows,Wärtsilähasbeenproactiveindevelopingexistingsolutionsandalsoinnovatingandpartneringtoensurethereareoptionsavailabletosuiteallvesseltypesandoperatingprofiles. Learnmore WärtsiläShaftGenerator Shaftgeneratorsystemsareavaluabletechnicalsolutionforshipownerswhoarelookingforeconomicalandcleanerelectricalpowergenerationduringtheirseavoyage. Learnmore HybridSolutions TheWärtsilähybrid/batterysystems"WärtsiläHY"anditsintegrationwithconventionaldiesel-ordualfuelenginegensetsofferssignificantefficiencyimprovementbyrunningtheengineonoptimalloadandabsorbingmanyoftheloadfluctuationsthroughbatteries. Learnmore ElectricalandPowerSystems Increasedefficiency&flexibilityfornewbuildandupgradestomatchvesselprofileandownerstrategyonthejourneytodecarbonisation. Learnmore Relatedcontent 20SEP2021 Webinar DecarbonisingShippingWeek-PreparingforTomorrowToday Fivewebinarsonegoal. 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