Taiwan Government - World Population Review

Taiwan, officially titled the Republic of China (ROC), is a state in East Asia bordered by the People's Republic of China (west), Japan (northeast), ... WorldPopulationReviewContinentsCountriesWorldCitiesUSStatesUSCountiesUSCitiesZipsTaiwanGovernmentTaiwan,officiallytitledtheRepublicofChina(ROC),isastateinEastAsiaborderedbythePeople'sRepublicofChina(west),Japan(northeast),andthePhilippines(south).OutsideoftheUnitedNations,itisthemostpopulousstateandwiththelargesteconomy–itshigh-techindustryisamajorplayerintheglobaleconomy.Taiwanrankshighlyintermsoffreedomofthepress,healthcare,publiceducation,economicfreedom,andhumandevelopment,withthecountrybenefitingfromahighlyskilledworkforceandoneofthemosteducatedpopulationsintheworld. ChinahasalwaysclaimedsovereigntyoverTaiwananddoesn’trecogniseitasalegitimatecountry–ChinaalsorefusestoengageindiplomaticrelationswithanycountrythatformallyrecognisesTaiwan.SeventeencountriescurrentlymaintainofficialrelationswithTaiwanbutmanydosoinunofficialwayssoastokeepcommunicationwithChinaopen.MostinternationalorganisationsinwhichChinaparticipateseitherdon’tgrantTaiwanmembershiporlimititsinteractioninthem–ChinahasalsothreatenedtousemilitaryforceifTaiwaneverannouncesindependenceoriftheirleadersclosethedooronthepossibilityofpeacefulreunification.ChinaandTaiwanhavebeeninastandoffsincetheChineseCivilWar. TheLegislativeBranch ThemainlegislativebodyoftheTaiwangovernmentistheunicameralLegislativeYuan,whichiscomposedofonehundredandthirteenseats.Seventy-threemembersareelectedinsinglememberdistricts,whilethirty-fourareelectedinproportiontonationwidevotes–sixseatsareleftfreetorepresentaboriginalgroups.MembersoftheLegislativeYuanservetermsoffouryearsatatime. TheLegislativeYuaniseffectivelyabranchofgovernmentratherthanaparliament,withtheNationalAssemblyoftheRepublicofChina(nowabolished)beingtheonlyinstitutionvestedwithparliamentarypowers,suchastheabilitytoformerlyelectthePresident.Constitutionalamendments,however,transferredmostoftheNationalAssembly'spowersinthelate90stotheLegislativeYuan,withmuchoftheTaiwanesemediareferringtoitasthe“parliament.” TheExecutiveBranch TheexecutivebranchoftheTaiwangovernmentisknownastheExecutiveYuan,andisresponsibleforbeinginchargeofthePremier.Thatbeingsaid,Taiwan’spoliticalsystemisunusual,anddoesnotalwayslineupwithtraditionalmodels.ThePresidentselectsthePremierwithoutanyconstitutionalrequirementforapprovalfromtheLegislativeYuan,whilesimultaneously,theLegislativeYuancanpasslawswithouttheneedforPresidentialapproval(neitherthePresidentnotthePremiercanvetolegislation).Thereis,therefore,norealneedfortheexecutiveandlegislaturetonegotiateiftheyarealignedwithopposingparties.Similarlystrangely,powerinthegovernmentalsystemcanshiftfromonepositiontothenext,dependingonwhatpositionisoccupiedatthetimebythestateleader.Asaresult,executivepowersare,atpresent,centredintheofficeofPresidentratherthanPremier. TheJudicialBranch ThejudicialbranchoftheTaiwangovernmentisknownastheJudicialYuan,andisthehighestjudiciaryinthecountry.TheCouncilofGrandJusticesintheYuaniscomposedofthePresidentandVice-PresidentoftheJudicialYuan,accompaniedbyfifteenotherJustices.TheseareallnominatedandappointedbythePresidentoftheRepublicofTaiwan,oncetheapprovaloftheLegislativeYuanhasbeengranted.Thehighestcourt,knownastheSupremeCourt,ismadeupofavarietyofcivilandcriminaldivisions,andtheseareallformedbyapresidingJudgealongwithfourAssociateJudges,allofwhomareappointedforlife.Aseparateconstitutionalcourtwasestablishedin1993withresponsibilityforresolvingconstitutionaldisputes,aswellasregulatingtheactivitiesofpoliticalpartiesandmovingforwardthedemocratizationprocess.InTaiwan,thereisnotrialbyjury,butthepublicrighttoafairtrialisprotectedbylawandrespectedinpractice,withmanycasespresidedoverbymultiplejudgestoensureimpartiality. CapitalpunishmentiscurrentlylegalinTaiwan,thoughthegovernmenthasmadesubstantialeffortstoreducethenumberofexecutionsoccurringinthecountry.However,thepeopleofTaiwanremaininfavourofthedeathpenalty,with80%leaningtowardsit.TypeRepublic,ConstitutionalBranchesControlYuan,ExaminationYuan,Executive,Legislative,JudicialLeader(s)TsaiIng-wen-PresidentLeader'sPoliticalPartyDemocraticProgressivePartyHeadquartersCityTaipeiElectionsPresidentialElections,NationalAssemblyElections,LegislativeElections,Municipal&ProvincialElectionsandLocalElections.PreviousElection2016-PresidentialNextElection2020-Presidential