Balloon Analogue Risk Task - International Society for ...
文章推薦指數: 80 %
The Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) is a computerized measure of risk taking behavior. The BART models real-world risk behavior through the conceptual ... Home About Meetings News Membership Publications Measurement Sitemap Contact Menu Home About Meetings News Membership Publications Measurement Sitemap Contact Measurement BarrattImpulsiveness BIS11Translations BalloonAnalogueRiskTask CuedGoNo-Go ImmediateandDelayedMemoryTasks UPPS-PImpulsiveBehaviorScale Menu Measurement BarrattImpulsiveness BIS11Translations BalloonAnalogueRiskTask CuedGoNo-Go ImmediateandDelayedMemoryTasks UPPS-PImpulsiveBehaviorScale BalloonAnalogueRiskTask TheBalloonAnalogueRiskTask(BART)isacomputerizedmeasureofrisktakingbehavior.TheBARTmodelsreal-worldriskbehaviorthroughtheconceptualframeofbalancingthepotentialforrewardversusloss.Inthetask,theparticipantispresentedwithaballoonandofferedthechancetoearnmoneybypumpingtheballoonupbyclickingabutton.Eachclickcausestheballoontoincrementallyinflateandmoneytobeaddedtoacounterupuntilsomethreshold,atwhichpointtheballoonisoverinflatedandexplodes.Thus,eachpumpconfersgreaterrisk,butalsogreaterpotentialreward.Iftheparticipantchoosestocash-outpriortotheballoonexplodingthentheycollectthemoneyearnedforthattrail,butifballoonexplodesearningsforthattrialarelost.Participantsarenotinformedabouttheballoonsbreakpoints;theabsenceofthisinformationallowsfortestingbothparticipants’initialresponsestothetaskandchangesinrespondingastheygainexperiencewiththetaskcontingencies.Risktakingisarelated,butphenomenologicallydistinctprocessfromimpulsivity. BART instrumentreference: Evaluationofabehavioralmeasureofrisktaking: theBalloonAnalogueRiskTask(BART). LejuezCW,ReadJP,KahlerCW,RichardsJB,RamseySE,StuartGL,StrongDR,BrownRA(2002) JournalofExperimentalPsychology:Applied,8,75-84. PubMedID12075692 ScoringtheBalloonAnalogueRiskTask TheprimaryscoreusedtomeasureBARTperformanceistheadjustedaveragenumberofpumpsonunexplodedballoons,withhigherscoresindicativeofgreaterrisk-takingpropensity(Bornovalovaetal.2005;Lejuezetal.2002).Intheoriginalversionofthetask,eachpumpwasworth$.05andtherewere30totalballoonsacrossarangeofdifferentcontingencies.Balloonbreakpointsrangefrom1-8,1-32,or1-128pumps.Forexample,fora1-128breakpoint,theprobabilitythataballoonwouldexplodeonthefirstpumpis1/128.Iftheballoondidnotexplodeonthefirstpump,theprobabilitythattheballoonwouldexplodeonthesecondpumpis1/127,andsono.Accordingtothisalgorithm,theaveragebreakpointforthe1-128breakpointwouldbethemidpointoftherange,or64pumps. MethodologicalConsiderations Numberoftrials. Studydesignoftenlimitstheadministrationtimeforanysingletaskandthereisinterestinknowingthemostappropriatetaskdurationthatmaximizesqualityofdatawhileminimizingparticipantburden.Studieshavevariedthenumberofballoontrials,withthemostcommondurationbeing30trials.Instudiesusing30balloons,thescoreacrossallballoonsistypicallymorereliablethananysingle10balloonblock.Howeverundertimeconstraints,usingfewerballoonsmaybenecessary.Researchindicatesthatcorrelationswiththetotalscoreareacceptableforthefirst10balloons(~.6)andaregoodforballoons11-20(~.8)withlittlechangeforballoons21-30(~.8).Thus,anargumentcanbemadeforanychoicebetween10and30balloonstobalancetimeresearchtestingtimeconstrains. AverageresponseratesfortheBARTtendtobelessriskythanwouldproducemaximalearnings.Participantstypicallyexhibitadjustedscoresbetween26and35pumpswithfewscoringatorabovetheoptimalnumberofpumps(i.e.64)tomaximizeearningsonthetask.Thisraisestheconcernthemostriskyindividualsalsoaremakingthemostoverallprofitonthetaskanditisunclearwhythislowlevelofpumpingoccurs.OnehypothesisisthatthelowpumpingbehaviormightbetheresultofinsufficientexperiencewiththeBART,butmathematicalmodelingsuggeststhataddingadditionaltrialsbeyond30balloonsresultinlittlechangeinpumpingrates(Wallstenetal.2005). Modelingbehaviorinaclinicallydiagnosticsequentialrisk-takingtask. WallstenTS,PleskacTJ,LejuezCW.(2005) PsychologicalReview,112,862-880. PubMedID16262471 Rewarddensityandcategory. TheBARTallowsformanipulationofthemagnitudeofrewardassignedtoeachpump.Thismaybeusefulforstudiesofrewardsensitivity.Forinstance,risk-takingdeclineswithincreasingreward/lossvalue(1,5,and25centsperpump),andthiseffectisspecifictothosewithlowtraitimpulsivity.Thehighlyimpulsiveindividualsdidnotadjusttorisk-takinginresponsetoincreasesinreward/lossvalue.Thisisoneexampleofhowitisimportantforresearcherstoconsiderthevalueofreinforcerswheninterpretingoutcomesofrisktakingandpersonality. MeasuringRiskingTakingamongChildrenandAdolescents. AyouthversionoftheBART(BART-Y)hasalsobeendevelopedwhichusesapointmeterratherthanamoneycountertoreinforcebehavior.Participantsareinstructedthatpointsmaybeexchangedforprizesattheendofthetestingsession.ReliabilityandvaliditydataontheBART-YyieldedsimilarfindingstotheoriginalBART,suggestingthatdisseminationofprizesasopposedtocashisadevelopmentallyappropriatereward. TheBART-Yinstrumentreferenceis: ReliabilityandvalidityoftheyouthversionoftheBalloonAnalogueRiskTask(BART-Y) intheassessment ofrisk-takingbehavioramonginner-cityadolescents. LejuezCW,AklinW,DaughtersS,ZvolenskyM,KahlerC,GwadzM(2007) JournalofClinicalChildandAdolescentPsychology,36,106-111. PubMedID17206886 PsychometricPropertiesoftheBalloonAnalogueRiskTask Reliability. ReliabilityoftheBARThasbeenestablishedacrossarangeofsamplesandtestingconditions. WithinSessionReliability.Split-thirdreliabilityhasbeenexamined(i.e.comparingscoresacrossthefirstblock,middle,andthirdblocksof10balloonseach),whichindicatestrongreliability(>0.7).Adultstendtodemonstratemodestincreasesinrisk-takingacrosstheblocks(typicallybetweenoneandthreepumps),whileadolescentstendtoreducerisk-takingrespondingfromthefirsttothethirdblocks. Test-RetestReliability. Analysesofperformanceacrosssessionsindicatesareasonablyrobusttest-retestcorrelation(T1/T2r=.77).Likethewithinsessiondata,thereisamodestyetsignificantincreasesinrisk-takingwithrepeatedadministrationswithinasingleday(T2–T1Δ=2.2adjustedaveragepumps,T3–T1Δ=2.3adjustedaveragepumps)althoughtheseareincreasesaresmallerbetweentestingdays(two-weekbetweenT2–T1Δ=1.2adjustedaveragepumps). CitationsforReliabilityStudies: Test-retestcharacteristicsoftheBalloonAnalogueRiskTask(BART). WhiteTL,LejuezCW,deWitH.(2008) ExperimentalandClinicalPsychopharmacology,16,565-570. PubMedID19086777 Evaluationofabehavioralmeasureofrisktaking:theBalloonAnalogueRiskTask(BART). LejuezCW,ReadJP,KahlerCW,RichardsJB,RamseySE,StuartGL,StrongDR,BrownRA(2002) JournalofExperimentalPsychology:Applied,8,75-84. PubMedID12075692 CriterionValidity. Withinadolescentstudies,BARTscoreisrelatedtoself-reportedengagementinreal-workrisk-takingbehaviorsincludingsubstanceuseanddelinquency/safetybehaviorsfrommiddleadolescentstoyoungadultsincommunitysamplesaswellasstudiescomparingclinicalandnonclinicalsamples.Additionally,BART-Yscorewasshowntovarywithalcoholuseacrossthreeyearswithearlytomiddleadolescents.Thus,BARTperformanceappearstoberelatedtoearlyengagementinsubstanceuseaswellastoriskbehaviorsrelatedtosubstanceuse.ConsiderationofmoderatorsintherelationshipbetweenBARTscoreandriskbehaviormayalsobeimportant.Inonestudy,BART-Yscorewasprospectivelyrelatedtonumberofrisk-takingbehaviorsinthepastyear,butonlyforadolescentswhowerelowintheabilitytotoleratedistress.Importantlythisfindingpersistedaftercontrollingforgenderandsensationseeking. CitationsforValidityStudies: Evaluationofbehavioralmeasuresofrisktakingpropensitywithinnercityadolescents. AklinWM,LejuezCW,ZvolenskyMJ,KahlerCW,GwadzM(2005) BehaviorResearchandTherapy,43,215-228. PubMedID15629751 Risk-takingbutnotresponseinhibitionordelaydiscountingpredictalcoholconsumption insocialdrinkers. FernieG,ColeJC,GoudieAJ,FieldM(2010) DrugandAlcoholDependence,112,54-61. PubMedID20580495 Arisk-taking“set”inanoveltaskamongadolescentswithseriousconduct andsubstanceproblems. CrowleyTJ,RaymondKM,Mikulich-GilbertsonSK,ThompsonLL,LejuezCW.(2006) JournaloftheAmericanAcademyofChildandAdolescentPsychiatry,45,175-183. PubMedID16429088 Changesinsensationseekingandrisk-takingpropensitypredictincreasesinalcoholuse amongearlyadolescents MacPhersonL,MagidsonJF,ReynoldsEK,KahlerCW,LejuezCW(2010) Alcoholism:ClinicalandExperimentalResearch,34,1400-1408. PubMedID 20491737 PubMed Central Positiveandnegativereinforcementunderlyingriskbehaviorinearlyadolescents MacPhersonL,ReynoldsEK,DaughtersSB,WangF,CassidyJ,MayesLC,LejuezCW(2010) PreventionScience,11,331-342. PubMedID 20309633 PubMedCentral BARTPerformanceandBiologicalOutcomes PreviousresearchhasexaminedBARTmeasuresofrisktakinginrelationtofunctionalpolymorphismintheregulatoryregion(5-HTTLPR)ofthehuman5-HTtransporter(5-HTT)gene.Thisresearchhasfoundthatcarriersoftheshort5-HTTLPRallelehadsignificantlylowernumberofadjustedaveragenumberofpumpsthanthosethatwherehomozygotesofthelongallele. CitationsforBiologicalStudies: Geneticcontributionsoftheserotonintransportertosociallearningoffear andeconomicdecisionmaking CrişanLG,PanaS,VulturarR,HeilmanRM,SzekelyR,DruğaB,DragoşN,MiuAC(2009) SocialCognitiveandAffectiveNeuroscience,4,399-408. PubMedID 19535614 PubMedCentral Neuralcorrelatesofvoluntaryandinvoluntaryrisktakinginthehumanbrain: anfMRIStudyoftheBalloonAnalogRiskTask(BART). RaoH,KorczykowskiM,PlutaJ,HoangA,DetreJA(2008) Neuroimage,42,902-910. PubMedID18582578 Acknowledgements SomematerialpresentedherewasadaptedbyCarlLejuezandeditedbyCharlesMathias fromtheforthcomingbookchapter: BehavioralMeasuresofRisk-takingandtheirRelevancetoAddictiveBehaviors. Dahne,J.,Richards,J.M.,Ernst,M.,MacPherson,L.,&Lejuez,C.W.(inpress) Wiley-BlackwellHandbookofAddictionPsychopharmacology(J.MacKillop&H.DeWit,Eds.). Formoreinformationortoobtainthisinstrument,please contactDr.CarlLejuezat: [email protected] CopyrightInternationalSocietyforResearchonImpulsivityandit’slicensor’s. AllRightsReserved.|WebsitebyCCCommunicationsPrivacyPolicy | RefundPolicy | ContactUs
延伸文章資訊
- 1Effects of Age and Initial Risk Perception on Balloon Analog ...
Balloon Analog Risk Task. To measure risky behavior, a version of the BART (Lejuez et al., 2002) ...
- 2Methodological Problems in the Balloon Analogue Risk Task ...
In the Balloon Analogue Risk Task, or BART for short, participants are presented with a computer ...
- 3(PDF) Evaluation of a behavioral measure of risk taking
... Behavioral measures may also benefit from examining other aspects of impulsivity. For instanc...
- 4Evaluation of the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) as a ...
The Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) was administered to a sample of 26 high school-aged adolesc...
- 5Development of a novel computational model for the Balloon ...
The Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) is a popular task used to measure risk-taking behavior. To ...