The Best Sleep-Tracking App for 2022 | Reviews by Wirecutter

We like Sleep Cycle (iOS, Android) almost as much as SleepScore, and it's compatible with both iPhones and Android models. Weindependentlyrevieweverythingwerecommend.Whenyoubuythroughourlinks,wemayearnacommission.Learnmore›FYIWeaddedinformationontheAppleWatch’snewsleep-trackingfeature.March11,2021Sleepismysterious.Butsleep-trackingappspromisetohelpyouunderstandwhenyoucrossthethresholdbetweenwakingandsleeping—andwhathappensinbetween.Forpeoplewhowantanuncomplicatedinterfacewithanintuitivedesign,werecommendSleepScore(whichworksalotbetterwithiPhonesthanwithAndroidphones)aswellasSleepCycle(whichisascompatiblewithAndroidmodelsasitiswithiPhones). Aftermorethanahundredhoursofresearch,includinginterviewswitheightsleepscientists,andmorethanamonthspenttestingfourpopularsleep-trackingapps(alongwitharangeofwearables,includingtheOuraRing),wefoundthatnoappoffersobjectivelyaccuratesleepanalysis,andtheycan’treplicatetheexperienceofatraditionalsleeplab.Butyoucanusethemtogleantrendsandpatterns,whichmayhelpyouimproveyoursleepovertime.OurpickSleepScoreThebestsleep-trackingappThisisthemostintuitiveandconvenientappwetestedandtheonlyonethatgivesdetailedrecommendationsforimprovingsleep.BuyingOptionsBuyfromSleepScoreBuyfromAppleAppStoreBuyfromGooglePlayIfyouhaveaniPhoneoracompatibleAndroidphone,wethinkSleepScore(iOS,Android)willdothebestjobofhelpingyouimproveyoursleep.Itallowsyoutosetsleepgoalsandgivesactionableadviceforreachingthem.Italsoprovidesmoredetailedsleep-stagedatathanmostotherapps,andinourtests,itssmartalarmdidaprettygoodjobofwakingusupslowly,sowefeltlessgroggy.Thefreeversionprovidesgeneralsleepadviceandarecordofyoursleepforsevendaysatatime.For$50ayear(or$6permonth),SleepScoretracksandrecordsyoursleepreasonablyaccuratelyforthelongtermandhelpsyoucreateapathtowardimprovement.SleepScore’smainflawisthatitonlyworkswithiPhone6andhigherandalimitednumberofAndroidphones.AdvertisementAlsogreatSleepCycleSimplerinterface,lessdataThisappisgoodforpeoplewhojustwanttoseesleeppatternsandhowtheycorrelatewithdietandexercise.Butitdoesn’toffercustomadviceandtrackslessdatathanSleepScore.BuyingOptionsBuyfromAppleAppStoreBuyfromGooglePlayWelikeSleepCycle(iOS,Android)almostasmuchasSleepScore,andit'scompatiblewithbothiPhonesandAndroidmodels.Butitfallsshortbecausethecompanyislesstransparentaboutitsresearchonhowwellthetechnologyworksfortrackingsleep,andtheappdoesn’tgivemuchdetailedsleep-stagedata.UnlikeSleepScore,SleepCycledoesn’tshowhowlongyouwereineachstageofsleep.Italsodoesn’tgiveyouanyadviceforimprovingyoursleep.Butthisapp’scleangraphsletyoueasilyseegeneraltrends—whichmaybeallyouneedtounderstandyourpatterns.Wealsolovethatithasmorethanadozensmart-alarmsoundsandlullingsoundstochoosefrom(comparedwithjustaroundhalfadozenofeachfromSleepScore),sogettingupandgoingtobedbothfeelalotmorepleasant.EverythingwerecommendOurpickSleepScoreThebestsleep-trackingappThisisthemostintuitiveandconvenientappwetestedandtheonlyonethatgivesdetailedrecommendationsforimprovingsleep.BuyingOptionsBuyfromSleepScoreBuyfromAppleAppStoreBuyfromGooglePlayAlsogreatSleepCycleSimplerinterface,lessdataThisappisgoodforpeoplewhojustwanttoseesleeppatternsandhowtheycorrelatewithdietandexercise.Butitdoesn’toffercustomadviceandtrackslessdatathanSleepScore.BuyingOptionsBuyfromAppleAppStoreBuyfromGooglePlayWhyyoushouldtrustusWhoshouldgetthisHowsleeptrackersworkHowwepickedandtestedOurpick:SleepScoreAlsogreat:SleepCycleWhataboutusingaFitbit,AppleWatch,orotherwristwearable?WhatabouttheOuraRing?ThecompetitionSourcesWhyyoushouldtrustusAsaseniorstaffwriteratWirecutter,JoanneChenhascoveredarangeofsleeptopics;she’stheauthorofour“FiveDaystoBetterSleep”challenge,ourguidetosunrisealarmclocks,andouradviceonhowtochoosetherightmattress.Forthisguide,Joanneinterviewedproductspecialistsandbrandexecutivesinthesleep-trackingfieldandsleepdoctorswhohavedonetheirownsleep-trackingexperimentseitherformallyorinformally,aswellasacomputerscientistwhospecializesinbehaviortracking.Last,butperhapsnotleast,Joanneispersonallyfamiliarwithprofessional-gradesleeptracking.Shespentarestlessnightinasleepclinicwithherthen-toddlersonwhenshesuspectedhehadsleepapnea.(Hedid.)Afewyearsbeforethat,Joannehadshooedherhusbandofftothesameclinictohavehissnoringcheckedout.(Itturnedouthehadsleepapneatoo.)JustinRedmanisanassociatestaffwriteronthesleepbeatandhascontributedtoWirecutter’scoverageofmattressesandothersleepproducts.Asabelow-average-to-poorsleeperformostofhislife,he’salwayslookedfortoolstohelphimsleepbetter,fromblackoutcurtainstonasalstrips.WhoshouldgetthisEveryonesleeps,butsleeptrackersaren’tforeveryone.Personalsleeptrackingisanewscience—theappmakershaven’tnailedaccuratereadingsyet,andtheappsareoftennotgreatattellingatypicaluserwhattodowiththeresults.Infact,asW.ChrisWinter,MD,authorofTheSleepSolution:WhyYourSleepIsBrokenandHowtoFixIt,said,quotingapessimisticcolleague,“Thebestthingthattrackershaveallowedustodoisadmireourproblems.”Wewouldn’tsaywelike“admiring”ourproblems,butwedoliketoknowwherewestand—and,consideringthepopularityofhealthtrackers,plentyofotherpeoplefeelthesameway.Asaresult,sleep-trackingappsworkbestforpeoplewhoareonlycasuallylookingforcluesastohowtheymightsleepbetteratnightandemergethenextdayfeelingenergized.Ifyou’reaneliteathlete,amarineofficer,oranairlinepilotforwhomsleepanalysiscouldmakeorbreakyourcareer,theseappsarenotforyou.(Butyouprobablyknewthatalready.)Ifyouthinkyoumighthavesleepapneaandarehopingthatyourphonewillsaveyoufromanightinasleepclinic,theseappsarealsonotforyou.(Talktoyourdoctor.)Everyonesleeps,butsleeptrackersaren’tforeveryone.Youshouldalsoskipsleeptrackersifless-than-stellarresultstendtoupsetyou.Infact,there’satermforthat:orthosomnia,apreoccupationwithperfectingone’ssleepdata.KellyBaron,PhD,aclinicalpsychologistnowattheUniversityofUtah,coinedthetermwhenshenoticedaspikeinpatientsriddledwithanxietyabouttheirsupposedlypoorsleepdurationandquality.Ifthatdescribesyou,you’reprobablybetteroffrelyingmoreonhowyoufeelthroughoutthedaytofigureouthowwellyouslept.Butifyouenjoygeekingoutonexploringyourquantifiedself,comewhatmay,givetheseappsago.Manyofferfreetrials,soyouhavenothingtolose(exceptsleep).Youcanfindallkindsofsleeptrackers,includingstandalonedevicesthatsitonyournightstandorunderyourmattress;wearables,suchasmasksorrings;andothersasfeaturesbuiltintofitnesstrackersandsmartwatches.Wefocusedonappsbecausethey’reaccessibleandrelativelyinexpensive,whichmakesthemfarmoreappealingtomostpeople.HowsleeptrackersworkWetestedavarietyofsleep-trackingdevices,including(fromleft)anAppleWatch,appsforiPhonesandAndroidphones,andaFitbit.Photo:RozetteRagoTrackingsleepathomeishard.Infact,“it’sliketryingtotrackanearthquake,”saidThomasPenzel,PhD,researchdirectoroftheInterdisciplinaryCenterofSleepMedicineatCharitéUniversityinBerlin.Justasyoucan’tsitinsidetheearthandwatchtectonicplatesshift,youcan’tdirectlypeerintoyourownbrainasyou’resleeping.Soyouneedproxies.Inasleeplab,scientistsusemedical-gradeequipmentandsensorstorecordbrainactivity,eyemovements,bodymovements,heartrate,oxygenintake,andmore.Thisprocess,calledpolysomnography,isthemostreliablemethodofsleeptracking.Unfortunately,thesleeptrackersdesignedandcurrentlyavailableforhomeusecan’treadbrainwavesandeyemovements,whichmostreliablytrackstagesofsleep,soinsteadtheyguesstimatebasedonlessaccuratesigns.Thecurrenttechnologiesincludethefollowing:Movementtracking:Accelerometers—morecommonlyusedtomeasuresleepinfitnesstrackersandotherwearablesthaninphoneapps—interpretstillnessassleepandmovementaswakefulness.Butanaccelerometerisnotveryaccuratewhenyouuseonealonebecauseitmayperceiveyouasbeingasleepwhenyou’remerelylyingstillstaringattheceiling.Andifyoutossandturnalotinyoursleep,theaccelerometerwillregisterthatyou’reawake.That’swhysleeptrackingtypicallypairsmovementtrackingwithothertechnologies,suchasopticalheart-ratemonitoring.Sounddetection:Phoneappsthatusethistechnologyanalyzethesoundsofvariousmovementsthatoccurinthedifferentsleepstages.Forinstance,whentheapp“hears”lessmovement,itassumesthatyou’reindeepsleep;whenit“hears”moremovement,itassumesyou’reinlightsleep.Thismeanstheappcantrackyoufromyournightstandinsteadoffromunderyourmattress.Sonar:Thisisthesametechnologythathelpsbatsandsubmarinesgetaround.Yourphone’sspeakersemitsoundwavesatfrequenciesinaudibletohumans.Thesewavesdeflectoffyourchestasitmoveswhileyou’rebreathing,andthephone’smicrophonepicksuponthem.Becausetherhythmanddepthofyourbreathchangeasyourbrainshiftsduringvariousstagesofsleep,theshapeofthedeflectedwavescanvaryoverthecourseofthenight,andtheapp’salgorithmsusethatinformationtoanalyzeyoursleep.Ifyourphoneiscompatiblewithaparticularsonar-enabledapp(notallare),it’simportanttoplaceyourphoneonanightstandclosetotheheightofyourchest.Opticalheart-ratemonitoring:You’llfindthisfeatureinfitnesstrackers,theAppleWatch,andtheOuraRing.TinyLEDsinthebandshinealightthroughyourskintocapturebloodflow.Astheratechanges,sodoesthelightthatreflectsbacktoyourdevice;thedevicecanthencombinethatinformationwithyourmovementdatatodeliveryoursleepreport.Inourtests,theresultsfromwearableswereasvariedasthoseofthephoneapps,butsomeresearchersbelievetheiraccuracycanimproveovertime.Becausedevicesthatuseopticalheart-ratemonitoringareonyourbody,saidPenzel,“inprincipletheyshouldbemoreaccurateastheydevelopbetteralgorithms,butthattakestime.”It’shardtosaywhichoftheabovetechnologiesisbestfortrackingsleep.“There’sdifferentimplementationsandenvironments,”explainedJeffHuang,PhD,aBrownUniversitycomputerscientistspecializinginhuman-computerinteraction,“soI’dhesitatetosaythatonetechnologyisstraightupbetterthananotherwithoutanextensivestudy.”Soundsensingcouldbegreatforsomeoneinaveryquietroomwhodoesn’tsnore,hesaid.Sonarmayworkwellforsomeonewithconsistentbreathingpatterns.Accelerometersmightbeuselessonafoammattress,whichareinherentlygoodatmotionisolation,buttheyperformmoreaccuratelyonwearables.Yoursleepreport’saccuracydependsbothonhowwellanappmeasuresthedataandhowwellthecompany’salgorithminterpretsthatdata.Buteventhen,twoappsusingthesametechnologycanyieldverydifferentsleepreports,explainedMichaelT.SmithJr.,PhD,founderoftheBehavioralSleepMedicineProgramattheJohnHopkinsSchoolofMedicine.Furthercomplicatingmatters,theappbecomesmoreattunedtoyoursleepovertime.AsSmithsaid,“Yourfirstsleepistheleastaccurate.Themoreyouuseit,themoredataitcollects,themorehelpfulitcanbecome.”Allinall,theaccuracyandprecisionofpersonalsleep-trackingdevicesstillleavemuchtobedesired,regardlessofthedeviceorthetechnology.Butthatdoesn’tmeanthey’renotuseful.Sleeptrackerscanhelpyoukeeptrackofbedtimesandwaketimes;somecaneffectivelydetectsnoringandproviderelativelyaccurateheart-ratereadings.Andeventhoughitssleep-stageinformationcanbeinconsistent,“lookingattrends,insteadofabsolutevalues,canbehelpful,”saysSeemaKhosla,MD,themedicaldirectoroftheNorthDakotaCenterforSleep.AsSmith,whoadvisedFitbitonitssleepadvice,pointedout,“Sleeptrackersaregoodatthatandthatmightbewhatyouneedtosetgoalsforchangeandtofeelbetter.”Andbesides,sleeplabshavetheirownlimitations.“Onenightinalabisinnowayrepresentativeofoursleeplife;it’sonenightofsleepinastrangesleepenvironmenthookeduptoalotofequipment,”saidNathanielWatson,MD,co-directoroftheUniversityofWashingtonMedicineSleepCenterandaneurologistwhodevelopedthesonar-basedtechnologythatwasusedattheuniversitybeforeitwaslicensedtoSleepScore.Atleasttheappsmayhelppeople“understandsleepinthewild,”Watsonsaid.HowwepickedandtestedWhenitcomestosleep-trackingapps,it’seasytogetcaughtupinthefunctionaldetails.Buttheultimategoalisn’ttotrackyoursleepperfectly;it’stotracktrendsinyoursleepsothatyoucanbetterunderstandandimproveit.Tomakethathappen,severalotherfeaturesarealsocrucialinatrackingapp.Here’swhatwelookedforintheapps,inorderofimportance:Easeofuse:Wewantedtobeabletoeasilyfigureoutexactlywheretotaptosetthealarm(asopposedtoswipingfromscreentoscreen,franticallytryingtosetthingsup),howtotellwhethertheappwastrackingalready,howtoshutoffthealarm,andsoon.Wealsopreferredappsthatallowedustosetourphoneonanightstandasopposedtoonthebed.Easeofinterpretation:Multicoloredgraphslookimpressive,butthey’reuselessiftheyrequireadoctorateinstatisticalanalysistounderstand.Clearlylabeledx-andy-axesandreportsineverydayEnglishareahugehelpat5:30inthemorning.Actionableadvice:Withoutofferingsoliddirectionastohowyoucangetbettersleep,theseappsarejustplatformsforspittingoutgraphs.“Ifapedometerregisters1,400stepsat2p.m.,youknowexactlywhatyouneedtodo—gooutforawalk,”Wintersaid.“Butwhenasleeptrackersaysyou’vehadtoolittledeepsleep,mostpeoplearen’tsurewhattodowiththat.”Welookedfortrackersthatgaveadviceorputthedataincontext,remindingpeopletogettobedmoreconsistently,forinstance,orlettingthemknowwhentheymaybesleepdeprived.Accuracyandprecision:Welookedforappsthatcouldgivereasonablygoodreadingsforwhenwefellasleep,whenwewoke,howoftenwewokeupduringthenight,andwhenweenteredvarioussleepstages.Ideally,theappcouldprovideareadingdowntotheminute.Realistically,mostappsdon’tdothat—andyoudon’treallyneedthemto.AsWinterexplained,“Ifyousimplywanttogetanideawhether,say,yougetbettersleepatyourplaceoryourboyfriend’s,thenitdoesn’thavetobethatprecise.”Forthisreason,althoughaccuracyandprecisionwereimportantconsiderationsforus,theyweren’tourtopconcern.Seriousprivacyandsecuritypolicies:Welookedforcompaniesthatcouldconfirmthatourdatawouldbeencryptedandnotsharedwiththirdparties.Iftheyplannedtouseourdatatoinformtheirresearchandimprovetheirproducts,weexpectedittobeaggregatedandanonymous.Keepinmind,however,thatkeepingaggregatedatacompletelyprivateisparticularlydifficult,asexplainedinthisFTCblogpost.Andwhileyou’realsoabletooptoutofanypersonaldatasharingyou’reuncomfortablewith,indoingsoyoumayloseoutonsomefeaturesoftheapp.It’salwayssmarttobevigilant,justasyouwouldwithotherhealthtrackers:Don’tshareyoursleepinfoonsocialmediawithoutunderstandingtheprivacypolicyofthosethird-partyplatforms,andifyouwanttocancelyourappsubscription,emailcustomerserviceandaskthecompanytodeleteyourinformationcompletely.Usefulextras:Wealsopreferredappsthatofferedasmartalarm,whichwakesyouupduringlightsleepatanintervalofyourchoosingsoyoufeellessgroggy;alarmsoundsbeyondtheusualjoltingphonering;and,insomecases,lullingsnoozesounds(likeaSleepSheepforgrown-ups).ItwasimpossibletotestallofthesleepappsontheiTunesstoreandGooglePlay,sowestartedbychoosingthemostdownloadedappsthatalsohadratingsofmorethanfouroutoffivestars.Thenweconfirmedthatinadditiontokeepingourdatasecure,theappscouldexportthatdata(reasonbeing,companiescomeandgo,andyouwouldn’twantyourinformationtodisappearwiththem).Wealsosentoutafewemailstocustomersupporttoseehowresponsivethecompanieswere.Intheend,weselectedfourappstotest:Pillow,SleepasAndroid,SleepCycle,andSleepScore.In2018,Joannespenteightdaystestingallfourappsatthesametime(onfourseparatephones),andtestedsomeofthemindividuallyforafewdays.Shealsocomparedthefourappswhilewearingfitnessbands(theFitbitVersaandGarminVívosport)andacoupleofapps(Sleep++andAutoSleep)ontheAppleWatchonthesamewrist,tofindoutifbuyingaphoneappisnecessaryifyoualreadyhaveawearablefitnesstracker.Becausewecouldn’tsetupsleep-lab-qualitypolysomnographyequipmentathome,Wintersuggestedtestingtheaccuracyoftheappsandwearablesagainstasleepdiary.Usingatemplate(PDF)downloadedfromtheAmericanAcademyofSleepMedicinewebsite,Joannenotedwhethershehadconsumedalcoholorcoffeethatday,andifshehadexercised;shealsorecordedherbedtime,when/ifshewokeupinthemiddleofthenight,andwhenshewokeupforgoodinthemorning.Onlyoncedidsheconsciouslywakeupfromadream(akaREMsleep);shemarkedthattoo.Theappspresentedtheresults,asyoucanseeherefromonetypicalnight,inavarietyofways.(Note:Theinterfacefortheseappshaschangedslightlysinceour2018test,buttheinformationhighlightedremainsthesame.)Fromleft:SleepScore,SleepCycle,Pillow,andSleepasAndroid.Eachoftheappsreportedonadifferentsetofvariables,soit’shardtocomparealloftheresults.Butbyjuxtaposing,say,sleepqualityordeepsleep,intheappsthatofferthatdata,youcangetanideaofhowall-over-the-boardtheyare:ThereportedaverageamountoftimeJoannespentindeepsleepeachnight,overthecourseoffivedays,variedamongthephoneappsWedidn’tfocusonthediscrepanciesbetweenthedifferentreadingsforspecificvariables,suchassleepquality,becauseit’snottheabsoluteresultsretrievedoverthecourseofonenightthatmatter,butthetrendsgleanedfrommanynights.Wekeptthatinmindwhenwemadeourtoptwopicks,whichprovidedthemosthelpfulinformationandwereeasiesttouse.Thesepicksthenunderwentfurthertestingagainstafewpopularwearables.In2020,Justinagainsurveyedthesleep-trackerappofferingsforiOSandAndroidandfoundthatthefourappswetriedin2018werestillthemostpopularappsandhadthemosthelpful-lookingfeatures.UsinganiPhone8andtheGooglePixel3a,Justinretestedthesefourappstoassesstheirupdatedfeatures.Whileasleepdiaryprovedtobelessusefulinthemiddleofthenight(he’sadeepsleeper),hewasstillabletoevaluatetheappsandtrackersbasedonthequalityofthedataandtheuser-friendlinessoftheinterface.Ourpick:SleepScorePhoto:SarahKobosOurpickSleepScoreThebestsleep-trackingappThisisthemostintuitiveandconvenientappwetestedandtheonlyonethatgivesdetailedrecommendationsforimprovingsleep.BuyingOptionsBuyfromSleepScoreBuyfromAppleAppStoreBuyfromGooglePlayAsleeptrackershouldn’tjusttrackyoursleep.Itshouldhelpyouimproveyoursleep—andSleepScore(iOS,Android)doesthatbetterthananyothersleep-trackingappwetested.Itwastheeasiesttosetup,itgavetheclearestanalysisofsleeptrends,anditwastheonlyappwetriedthatgaveactionableadviceforreachingspecificsleepgoals.Wefoundittobemoreaccuratethantheotherapps,andwefoundthecompanytobethemosttransparentabouthowtheappworksandtheresearchbehindit.SleepScore’ssetupisefficientanduser-friendly.UnlikePillowandSleepasAndroid,whichbothrequiredwatching(andrewatching)aninstructionalvideo,SleepScore’sstartupprocesswasstraightforward.Aftersettingthewakeupalarm,theappasksafewquestionsaboutyourday(caffeine?exercise?)andthenautomaticallystartstracking.Aftereachnight'ssleep,theappgivesyouanumber(your"SleepScore")basedonitsanalysisofyoursleepduration,theamountoftimeittookforyoutofallasleep,lightsleep,deepsleep,REMsleep,andwaketime,withtheunitsexpressedinsimplehoursandminutes.Theappalsotellsyouhowmanytimesyouwokeupduringthenightandwhenyouwereexperiencingeachphaseofsleep.WefoundSleepScore'sdataandanalysiseasiertounderstandthanthemoreconfusinggraphsorpercentagesofotherapps.Forpeoplewholovedata,SleepScoreoffersaboutasmuchinformationasPillowandmorethanSleepCycleandSleepasAndroid.WefoundSleepScoretobemoreprecisethantheotherappswetestedatrecordingthedurationofoursleepandfrequencyofwakeups.Joannecouldoftencorroboratehermiddle-of-the-nightawakenings,comparingtheresultsfromtheSleepScoreapp—whichusessonar(soundwavesemanatingfromthephoneonhernightstand)—withthechicken-scratchedtimesinhersleepdiary.SleepScore’srecordedtimeswereoftenonlyafewminutesofffromJoanne’shandwrittennotes.WhileotherappspickeduponJoanne’sawakenings,noneattemptedtoreportspecifictimes.A“126”scrawledonJoanne’sdiary(right)correspondedtoa1:24a.m.waketimeonSleepScore’sSleepGraphscreenduringherlate-2018test(left).ThepremiumversionofSleepScore,pricedat$50peryearor$6permonth,wasalsotheonlyphoneappwetestedthatallowedustosetagoalandadvisedusonhowtoachieveit.(Thefreeversiondoesn’tprovidecustomizedadviceorarecordofpersonaltrends,anditshowsyouonlythepastsevendaysofsleep,sowethinkthepremiumversionisworthshellingoutfor.)Bothofusselected“perfectyoursleep”asourgoalinthepremiumversionoftheapp,butitalsoofferssixotheroptionstochoosefrom,including“sleeplonger,”“wakeupless,”and“sharpenmymind.”Ourchoice,inturn,placedusonan“improveyoursleephygienepath”andledustoalistofsleep-optimizingstrategies,suchasavoidingheavyorhigh-aciditymeals.Theadviceongoodsleephygiene,distilledfromscientificpublicationsandsleeptextbooksandverifiedbyaninternalteamofscientists,wasn’tparticularlyearth-shattering(forexample:avoidalcoholandscreentimetoosoonbeforebed),butitwasnicetohavesomedirection.Ofcourse,ifyoususpectamedicalissue,youshouldseeyourdoctorforactualtreatment;SleepScore’sDoctorReportfeatureprintsout30days’worthofdatathatyoucantaketoyourappointment.SocanSleepScoreimproveyoursleep?Duringour2018tests,itdidn’tforJoannebecausesheneveractuallyfoundthetimetogetmoresleep,whichwaskeytoahighersleepscore.Butshefoundthatsimplylearningmoreabouthersleepwasworththeannualfee.Hopingtoimproveyoursleepwithanappisnotunlikehopingtoexercisemorewithanapp.Youhavetobeespeciallyself-motivatedandcommittedtoyourgoal,becausenooneisgoingtoyellatyouormakeyoufeelbadwhenyouignoretheadvice.Thatsaid,thetrulymotivatedmightnoticeprogress,andSleepScoreoffersfeaturesthatmighthelpyoualong.AswithSleepCycle,youcanloginyourmoodsandhabits.Buthere,youcanalsodoitafterthefactandusethosecorrelationstotracktrends.ASleepSanctuaryfeatureassessesthelightandnoiselevelinyourbedroomandsuggestsimprovementsifneeded.Forinstance,whenJustinlefthislaptopopenwiththescreenglowing,theappread,“Itmaybetoobrightinyourroom,tryaneyemaskifneeded!”Whenheturnedallthelightsoffinhisroomwiththelaptopclosed,thewords“Resteasy!You’vegotanoptimalsleepsanctuary”poppedup.It’sahelpfulfeatureforthosewhoneedguidanceonwhatconsistsofanidealsleepenvironment.Youcanalsoearn“sleepstars”(theequivalentofvirtualstickersinakid’seducationalvideogame)bestoweduponthemwhenevertheyhitamilestone,suchasbedtimeconsistency.WefoundSleepScore’sprivacypolicytobespecificandeasytounderstand.AlthoughSleepScoredoesnotrefernewuserstotheprivacypolicyuponsign-in,youcaneasilynavigatetothepolicywithintheappandonitswebsite.SleepScorealsostoresinformationincontrolledfacilities,asopposedtothird-partyserversordatabases.WealsolikehowopenSleepScoreisaboutitsscience.TheapplaunchedinJune2018,anditstechnology(developedbyacademicresearchersbeforeitwaslicensedtoSleepScore)istheresultofmorethan12yearsofscientificresearch.PertherecommendationsoftheAmericanAcademyofSleepMedicine,SleepScoreisoneofthefewcompaniesthatvalidatetheirmethodsinscientificarticlesthatarereadilyavailableontheirwebsite.Thesearenotindependentstudies,sotakethemwithagrainofsalt,butweappreciatedthetransparency.(Whenweemailedtheotherappmakers,theyrepliedthattheydidindeedcontinuallyworkontheiralgorithmsforaccuracy,thoughanystudiestheyperformedtotestaccuracyagainstPSGweren’timmediatelyavailabletothepublic[ortous,forthatmatter]).SleepScorewastheonlyappwetestedthatprovidesbiosoffourdoctorsandscientistsonitsscienceteamandadvisoryboard,andMehmetOz(yes,thatDr.Oz),whoisalsoanequityinvestor.(Fulldisclosure:JoannebrieflyfreelancedatOz’seponymousmagazinebeforeitfolded,thoughshe’snevermethim.)Thesmartalarmwakesyouupwithgentlesounds(likechirpingbirds)thatgraduallyincreaseinvolume,asopposedtoajoltingbuzz.Youcansnoozeandquietthesmartalarmbyjustmovingthephone,too,whichwasaloteasierthan(inthecaseofouralso-greatpick,SleepCycle)consciouslypickingituportappingyournightstand.Butbewarned,wefoundthatwesnoozedmoreoftenwhenusingtheapp.FlawsbutnotdealbreakersAsofFebruary2021,SleepScoreworksonlyonspecificphones.Itdoesn’tworkwiththeiPhone5,5s,andSE(orolderiPhones)butiscompatiblewithanyiPhonewithiOSsoftware10.3.3orhigher(essentially,aniPhone6orhigher).AsforAndroidphones,itworkswiththeSamsungGalaxyS7,S7Edge,S8,S8+,S9,S9+,Note8,andNote9,aswellastheGooglePixel2XL.Whenweaskedthecompanyaboutthislimitation,therepresentativeexplainedthatbecausetheappisdependentonaphone’sspeakerandmicrophone,thecompanyteststheapponeachspecificphonemodelforaccuracybeforesupportingthatphone.SleepScoresaysthatifyou’reusinganunsupportedAndroidmodel,youwillstillbeabletotrackyoursleepusingthatdevice,buttheSleepScoreappfeaturesandfunctionalitywillvary.(WhenJustintriedSleepScoreontheunsupportedGooglePixel3a,hewasn’tabletogetareading.)Wealsowonderwhetherthisfailuretoupdatemayopenupanysecurityissuesonnon-compatiblephones.Tobesafe,wethinkit’sbestforthosewithincompatiblephonestoskipSleepScoreandtryouralso-greatpick,SleepCycle,instead.Androiduserswhodon’tmindawonkyinterfacecouldtrySleepasAndroid,whichcontainscoolfeaturesbutisdifficulttonavigate.TheeffectivenessofSleepScore’ssonartechnologydependsonproperpositioning;ifsomethingcomesbetweenyouandyourphoneorifthephoneisn’tattherightheight,theappmighthavedifficultydetectingyourmovement.Thismayexplainwhysomeonlinereviewershavereportedthattheappdoesn’talwaysrecordtheirpreviousnight’ssleep.DuringJustin’shometest,theappfailedtotracktwonightsofsleep.(Usuallythishappensduetosomeissuewiththemicrophone—inJustin’scase,wesuspecthisphonewasn’thighenough,andthesignalgotblockedbysomeblanketsorsheets.)SleepScoredoesn’toffernearlyasmanysleep-soundoptionsasSleepCycle,nor(inouropinion)arethosesoundsaspleasing.AndalthoughSleepScorenowallowsyoutochoosefromalistoftypicallifestylefactors(exercise,alcoholintake,andsoon)tocorrelatewithsleeptrends,itdoesn’tletyouaddcustomfactors(suchas,say,thenumberoftantrumsyourchildhadonagivendayorthenumberofhoursofTVyou’vewatched),whichSleepCycledoes.SleepScorealsodoesn’tautomaticallygenerategraphs,asSleepCycledoes,chartingyoursleepinrelationtochangesinlocation,weather,airpressure,orseveralotherenvironmentalfactors.Wealsowishedthattheappcouldtracksnoringbyitself,likeSleepCycle,Pillow,andSleepasAndroidcan.However,SleepScoreLabsdoesmakeacompanionapptotracksnoringcalledDoISnoreorGrind?,whichbasedonourlimitedtestingseemedmoresensitive,andpossiblymoreaccurate.SleepScoredoes,onoccasion,makeproductrecommendations(suchasblue-lightglasses,ifyouconsistentlyhaveahardtimefallingasleep),whichthecompanyclaimsitindependentlytests.Overall,wefoundthisfeaturefairlysubtle(Justingotonlyoneproductrecommendation),thoughsomemayfinditintrusive.Alsogreat:SleepCyclePhoto:SarahKobosAlsogreatSleepCycleSimplerinterface,lessdataThisappisgoodforpeoplewhojustwanttoseesleeppatternsandhowtheycorrelatewithdietandexercise.Butitdoesn’toffercustomadviceandtrackslessdatathanSleepScore.BuyingOptionsBuyfromAppleAppStoreBuyfromGooglePlayIfyou’reamorevisualpersonandyoupreferaminimalisticinterface,orifyouownaphonethat’sincompatiblewithSleepScore,SleepCycle(iOS,Android)canbehelpful,thoughinadifferentway.SleepCycledoesn’tprovidecustomizedsleepadviceonyourphone,nordoesitprovideanexplanationforitsgraphsorterminology.Inourtests,itofferedlessdatathananyoftheotherappswetried,atleastintermsofthespecificstagesofsleep.Butit’sasintuitiveasSleepScoretosetup,andperhapsbecauseofthelimiteddataoutput,theresultingsleepreportsareprettyeasytounderstand.SleepCycledoesn’tofferalotofspecificdetailsabouthowyouslept,butitdoesletyouseehowyourdatacorrelateswithawidevarietyoflifestylehabitsandhowitcompareswiththatofothersallovertheworld.SleepCycle’sbiggestwincomesfromhowneatlyitpresentsthesleep-lifestylecorrelationsonscreenincomparisonwiththeotherappsweused.SimplytaptheTrendsbutton,and—voilà!—anyfactorsyoutypedinthenightbefore,plusanyAppleHealthdata,areautomaticallycorrelatedwithyoursleepandshowninawaythatevenathird-gradercouldfigureout.Forinstance:ComparedwithhowJoannesleptathomeinNewYorkCity,shesleptworsewhenshewastravelingforwork,slightlybetterathermom’s,andevenbetteronvacationintheCatskills.AnexcerptfromSleepCycle’sTrendssection:whathappensinVegas(sleepwise).SleepCyclereliesonasound-sensingtechnologytoassessyoursleep,usingthemicrophonetodetectthesoundsyoumakewhenyoumove.Becauseitsanalysisdoesn’tdependonsoundwavesdeflectingoffyourchest(asisthecasewithSleepScore),youdon’thavetobeasexactwithyourphoneplacement.Aslongasthephoneisreasonablyclosetoyou(say,onanightstand),theappshouldbeabletotrackyoursleepaccurately.Ontheleft:abadnight’ssleepfromour2018test,withmuchofitspentinlightsleep.Ontheright:abetternight’ssleep,withplentyofdeepsleep.(Theinterfaceisslightlydifferentinthecurrentversionoftheapp.)UnlikeSleepScore,whichworksonlywithiPhones6ornewerandcertainAndroidphones,SleepCycleiscompatiblewithalliPhonesandAndroidphones.Inour2018test,SleepCycleseemedtocatchfewerofJoanne’ssleep-diary-recordedawakeningswithinahalf-hourtimeframecomparedwithSleepScore,thoughitdidn’tseemtoooffwhenitcametoassessinghersleepasawhole.Ifshefeltcrappyinthemorningbecauseshecouldn’tsleep,theappgenerallyreflectedthatinitsgraphandscore—whichisperhapstheonlyinformationyouactuallyneedtogleanpatterns.WhenJustintestedthefeaturein2020,theapprecordedhiswakeupsaccurately(thoughasaverydeepsleeper,itwasasmallsamplesize).SleepCycle’sfreeoptionprovidesfourgroovyalarmrings(eachonesoundslikerelaxingyogamusic)andwillkeeptrackofyoursleepuntileternity(theoretically).Butifyouwant17additionalalarmsoundsortheapp’snewSleepAidcontent,youhavetopay$30peryearforthepremiumversion.(Note,though,thatSleepCyclehasmadetheSleepAidfeatureavailabletoall,untilfurthernotice,inlightofthecoronaviruspandemic.)Thisupgradeincludesguides,stories,bedtimerhymes,audioscapes,andmusictolistentorightbeforebed,aswellas16ambientsoundstofallasleepto,suchas“rainonacarroof,”“oceanwaves,”and“mediumwind.”You’llalsoneedthatpremiumversionifyouwanttoregisteryourwake-upmood,whichgivesyouthatall-importantabilitytoseehowyourlifestylehabits,akaSleepNotes,correlatewithyoursleep.Forthisapp—andalloftheapps,forthatmatter—youreallyneedtogoallintogetanymeaningfulbenefit.Otherwise,you’rejustleftwithabunchofgraphs.Thesnoringfeatureisn’tparticularlysensitive.WhenJustin(amoderatelyloudsnorerwhowearsnasalstripsmostnights)comparedadedicatedsnoring-detectionappcalledDoISnoreorGrind?withSleepCycle’ssnoring-detectionfeature,theformerrecordedveryheavysnoring,whilethelatternotednone.SleepCyclehasdetectedJustin’ssnoringmostnights,thoughgenerallymoresowhenheforgetshisnasalstrips.SleepCycle’sprivacypolicyisn’taseasytoaccessasSleepScore’s,andtheapp’suseofaphone’smicrophonetodetectaudiocouldmakesomepeoplenervous.However,thecompanysaysthattheapprecordsmovementandsnoring,notvoices,andthatthesoundsarecollected,processed,andanalyzedlocallyandthendiscardedafterauser-specifiedtime(onenight,20nights,100nights,ornever).Tochangethatsetting,youmustgotothesettingsmenuoftheappaftermakinganaccount—youcan’tchooseanoptionwhensettinguptheapp.Wedidn’tlikethatittookthreeweeksofpersistentemailstogetspecificscientificinformationabouttheapp.UnlikeSleepScore,whichprovidesresearcharticlesandbiosofitsscientists,SleepCycledoesn’tlistanyacademicresearchaboutitstechnologyonitssite.SleepCyclerecentlyreleasedaversionofitsappfortheAppleWatch.Theinterfaceisverysimple:Allyouhavetodoissetyourwake-uptimeonthemainscreen,andyourwatchbeginstomonitoryoursleep.Whenyouwakeup,yoursleepdatawillappearonthesmartphoneapp.It’sausefulintegration,especiallyforpeoplewhodon’twanttosleepwiththeirphonedirectlynexttothem.We’llcontinuetotestthisfeature.WhataboutusingaFitbit,AppleWatch,orotherwristwearable?Fitnesstrackersandsmartwatchescandoadecentjoboftrackingyoursleep,buttheylacksomeofthesmartfeatures—likesleepsoundsandalarmoptions—thatcanmakephoneappsappealing.Photo:RozetteRagoIfyoualreadyuseawearablewithsleep-trackingcapabilities,youmaybeperfectlyhappystickingwithwhatyouhaveratherthanbuyingaseparateapptouseonyourphone.Wearablestrackyoursleepautomatically—nosetupbeforebed.In2018,wetestedthesleep-trackingfeaturesonaFitbittracker,aGarmintracker,andanAppleWatch(allofwhichuseopticalheart-ratemonitoringtechnologyandanaccelerometer)againstfourapps.Atthetime,thewearableswerefrequentlyoffcomparedwiththeapps,usuallyover-reportingsleep,thoughtheydidgiveanaccuratepictureofsleeptrendsovertime.Thisissomethingyou’llseeaslongasyouconsistentlyusethesamedeviceoverthelongterm.Thebiggestadvantageofsleep-trackingphoneappsoverwearablesliesintheextrafeatures,suchassmartalarmsandsoundsthathelpyoufallasleep.Wearablescanbuzzyouawake,whichisaplusifyousleepwithapartnerwhohasadifferentschedule,andtheycannudgeyoutogetreadyforbedjustastheynudgeyoutogetupandmoveduringtheday.They’regreatforpeoplewhoprefernottobringaphoneintothebedroom,andtheycanbehelpful(inthecaseofWhoopStrap3.0)indetermininghowhardyoushouldworkoutthenextdaybasedonyoursleep.Sinceour2018test,fitnesstrackershavesignificantlyenhancedtheirsleepfeatures.Youcanreadaboutthedetailsinourguidetothe bestfitnesstrackers.InSeptember2020,ApplereleaseditsnewwatchOS7operatingsystemalongsidetheAppleWatchSeries6andAppleWatchSE.ThenewOS(availableforAppleWatchSeries3orlater)offerssleeptrackingusingthebuiltinaccelerometer.BothwatchesprovideaWindDownmenu,andyoucanviewyoursleeptrendsintheiPhoneHealthapp,butunlikeSleepScoreandSleepCycle,thewatchesdon’tallowyoutotrackyoursleepstages,justyourtimespentasleep.Wefoundthesleep-trackingfeatureontheAppleWatchSEtobelimited.It’sanicefeatureifyou’realreadyanAppleWatchowner,butwedon’trecommendpurchasingthewatchforitsbuilt-insleep-trackingcapabilitiesalone.AndgiventhatthereareplentyofAppleWatch–compatibleapps,suchasPillowandSleepCycle’snewapp,thatprovidemoresleep-trackingfeatures,includingsleepstaging,it’sabitsurprisingthatApple’slong-anticipatedbuilt-insleeptrackingisn’tabitmorecomprehensive,especiallyconsideringtheamountandbreadthofdatathewatchcanalreadycollectwithitssensors.WedidliketheWindDownfeature,whichturnsoffnotificationsandlocksyourphonebeforeyourchosenbedtime—forpeoplewhoenjoyalittletoomuchscreentimebeforebed,thisfunctioncouldbeespeciallyhelpful.Theappjustdoesn’tdoenoughactualtrackingtomaketheAppleWatchworthpurchasingforsleeptrackingalone,eventhoughitcanbeuseful.WhatabouttheOuraRing?Photo:JustinRedmanTheOuraRingisaBluetooth-enabled,rechargeablesleeptrackermadeoflightweighttitaniumthatyouwearonyourindex,middle,orringfinger.WetestedtheOuraRingoverseveralmonths,includingcomparingitagainstSleepScore,SleepCycle,Pillow,andSleepasAndroid,andhaveafullreviewofthedevice.WhilewethinktheSleepScoreandSleepCycleprovidesufficientsleeptrackingformostpeople,theOuraRingdoesofferadditional,interestinginsights,includingheartrateandheartratevariability(HRV)readings.However,theOuraRingismoreexpensivethanourapppicks($300forthecheapestversionofthering;you’dhavetouseSleepScorePremiumforsixyearstospendthatmuch)andisn’taverygoodfitnesstracker,soitisn’tasversatileasotherwearables.TheOuraRing’ssleeptrackingwasn’tsignificantlymoreorlessaccuratecomparedwithourtopapppicks(66%agreementwithPSGversus73%agreementwithPSGforSleepScore).Buttheheartrate(99.9%comparedwithanelectrocardiogram)andHRV(98.4%comparedwithanelectrocardiogram)readingsareveryaccurate.Therehasevenbeenresearchshowingthatthesedatapoints,alongwiththering’soxygen-rateandskin-temperaturereadings,couldhelpdetectsomeillnesses,suchasCOVID-19,beforesymptomsbegin.JustindidenjoytestingtheOuraRing,andreportedveryinterestingfindings.Helikedhavingatrackerthatkeyedhimintowhatwashappeningwithhisbody,andinmanycases,thedatatheringrecordedconfirmedhowhewasfeeling.Thelargerdataset,comparedwithothersleep-trackingapps,helpedJustinbecomemorecognizantofhissleepandbodyingeneral(thoughitstressedhimoutattimes).However,theringdoesnotcollectmuchdatawhileyou’reactive,renderingitmostlyuselessasafitnesstracker.It’salsoprettyexpensive—youwouldneedtohavetheOuraRingforsixyearsbeforetheannualSleepScorepremiumcostequalstheup-frontcostofthering.TheOuraRingiswaterresistantupto100meters,andhasatwo-yearlimitedwarranty.Formoredetailedinformation,checkoutourreviewoftheOuraRing.ThecompetitionWecouldn’trecommendPillowformostpeoplebecauseit’savailableonlyforiOSandyoumustplaceyourphoneonyourmattress(byyourpillow—getit?)ifyouwanttheapptowork.Ifyoudon’tmindthat,youmightactuallypreferthisappovertheothers.Itusesthephone’saccelerometerandgyroscopetotrackmovement(alongwithsound-sensingtechnologyandAppleHealthdata),itpresentsaboutasmuchsleepinformationasSleepScore,anditprovideshelpfulsleeptipsandlifestylecorrelations,too.Wefoundthedesignclean,thegraphsandchartsveryreadable,andtheoveralluserexperienceveryintuitive—you’reeasilyabletoswipethroughtheSnoozeLab(whichgivesyoutipsonhowtosleepbetter),thesmartalarmsettings,andyoursleepdata.AlthoughitregularlyunderreportedJoanne’swaketimecomparedwiththeotherapps,shewaspleasantlysurprisedtoseethattheonetimeshewokeupfromadreamandjotteddownthetime,theapprecordedREMsleepatroughlythesametime.LikeSleepCycle,itcanworkontheAppleWatch,anditcostsonlyaone-timepaymentof$5.Pillowhasrecentlyundergoneasignificantface-lift,andthoughwethinktheappisfundamentallysimilarinitstrackingcapabilities,weplantotestthisnewversionsoon.SleepasAndroid($6,orfreewithadsandusagelimits)hasanenthusiasticfollowing,withalmostaquartermillionreviewsandaratingof4.5starsoutoffiveonGooglePlay.Nevertheless,wefoundtheapp—whichgivesyouachoicebetweenusingmotiondetectiononthebedorsonaronthenightstand—difficulttouseanditsreadingshardtodecipher.WhenJustintestedthesonar,hefoundthattheapprarelycountedREMsleep,evenastheOuraRingandPillowdid.Italsoinsistedthathehadtwonightswhere90%ofhissleepwasspentindeepsleep,whichisunlikely(bycontrast,Pillowrecorded42%deepsleep,andtheOuraRingrecorded63%).Wedidlikethesmartalarm,whichdoesn’tturnoffunlessyouperformparticulartasksdesignedtowakeyouupforgood(suchasshakingyourphoneordoingmathproblems).It’salsocompatiblewithseveralwearables,includingGarmindevices,anditintegrateswithSamsungHealthandGoogleFit.Afterawhile,theappofferssleephygieneadvicetoo,thoughwefoundittobemoreobviousthanSleepScore’ssleepadvice.(Forexample,ifyousnoretoomuch,theappwillgiveyoualistoftips,suchasavoidingsleepingonyourback.)SleepScoredelvesdeeper,offeringawholeparagraphonwhysleeppositionisimportant,aswellasotherrecommendations,includingatechniquetorelaxtensemuscles.SleepasAndroidhasalsoaddedseveralnewfeaturesrecently,suchasautomaticsleeptrackingandanadvancedsnoring-detectiontoolthatalsorecordstalking,laughter,coughing,andsneezingduringsleep,aswellasacryingbaby,whichyoucanplaybackinthemorning.ComparedwithSleepCycle’ssnoringfeature,SleepasAndroidconsistentlypickedupalotmoreextraneousaudio(suchassheetsruffling).Ifyouknowthatyouonlysnore(ordon’tcaretoknowifyoutalkorlaughinyoursleep),thenthisfeatureisn’tsignificantlymoreuseful.SourcesKellyBaron,PhD,associateprofessorofpsychology,UniversityofUtahSchoolofMedicine,phoneinterview,August6,2018JeffHuang,PhD,assistantprofessorofcomputerscience,BrownUniversity,interview,July20,2018SeemaKhosla,MD,etal.,ConsumerSleepTechnology:AnAmericanAcademyofSleepMedicinePositionStatement,JournalofClinicalSleepMedicine,May15,2018AdrianOng,MD,residentphysician,departmentofotolaryngology,UniversityofBuffalo,emailinterview,August2,2018ThomasPenzel,PhD,researchdirectoroftheInterdisciplinaryCenterofSleepMedicineatCharitéUniversityinBerlin,phoneinterview,August15,2018JonathanM.Peake,GrahamKerr,andJohnP.Sullivan,ACriticalReviewofConsumerWearables,MobileApplications,andEquipmentforProvidingBiofeedback,MonitoringStress,andSleepinPhysicallyActivePopulations,FrontiersinPhysiology,June28,2018MichaelT.SmithJr.,PhD,professorofpsychiatry,neurology,andnursingatJohnsHopkinsUniversitySchoolofMedicine,anddirectorforitsCenterforBehaviorandHealth,phoneinterview,August6,2018NathanielWatson,MD,professorofneurology,UniversityofWashington,anddirectoroftheUWMedicineSleepClinic,phoneinterview,August2,2018W.ChrisWinter,MD,neurologistandownerofCharlottesvilleNeurologyandSleepMedicine,phoneinterview,July24,2018AboutyourguidesJoanneChenJoanneChenisaformerseniorstaffwriterreportingonsleepandotherlifestyletopics.Previously,shecoveredhealthandwellnessasamagazineeditor.Afteranassignmentforcedhertosleepeighthoursadayforamonth,sherealizedthatsheis,infact,asmarter,nicerpersonwhensheisn’tsleep-deprived.JustinRedmanJustinRedmanisanassociatestaffwritercoveringsleepforWirecutter.Apoorsleeperformanyyears,hehopestohelpothers(andhimself)reapthebenefitsofbetter,morecomfortablesleep.HehaspreviouslybeenpublishedinTheHillandTheCredits,andhehasbloggedabouttheNBAforWizardsXTRA.Furtherreading5WaystoBeatCoronavirusAnxietySoYouCanSleepbyJoanneChenCan’tsleep?Trytheseexpert-recommendedanxietyreducers.GeartoHelpYouSleepBetterbyChristineCyrClissetHerearetoolstoencouragegoodsleephygiene,fromkeepingwellhydratedtolimitingInternettimeintheevening.ThingstoHelpYourBaby—andYou—SleepBetterbyWinnieYangWecompareddozensofcribs,mattresses,andmonitorsandtalkedtodoctorsHarveyKarpandBillSearstofindthebestbetsforagoodnight'ssleep.HowtoSleepWell(oratLeastBetter)WhileTravelingbyChristineRyanOursleepandtraveleditorsrecommendgearforcopingwithtravel-inducedinsomnia,vettedthroughhoursoftestingandyearsofpersonalexperience.EditDismiss