Speech acts - SlideShare

1. Declaration Speech acts that change the world via their utterance/word. 2. Representative Speech acts that state what speaker believes to be the case ... SlideShareusescookiestoimprovefunctionalityandperformance,andtoprovideyouwithrelevantadvertising.Ifyoucontinuebrowsingthesite,youagreetotheuseofcookiesonthiswebsite.SeeourUserAgreementandPrivacyPolicy. SlideShareusescookiestoimprovefunctionalityandperformance,andtoprovideyouwithrelevantadvertising.Ifyoucontinuebrowsingthesite,youagreetotheuseofcookiesonthiswebsite.SeeourPrivacyPolicyandUserAgreementfordetails. Upload Home Explore Login Signup Successfullyreportedthisslideshow. Activateyour30dayfreetrial tounlockunlimitedreading. Speechacts 56 Share mardiatunnisa • Oct.15,2016 • 56likes • 112,819views DownloadNow Download NextSlideShares Youarereadingapreview. Activateyour30dayfreetrial tocontinuereading. ContinueforFree UpcomingSlideShare Unit2 Loadingin…3 × Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Size(px) Starton ShowrelatedSlideSharesatend LinkedIn Facebook Twitter Email Replay Topclippedslide 1 1of31 1of31 Speechacts Oct.15,2016 • 56likes • 112,819views 56 Share mardiatunnisa DownloadNow Download Downloadtoreadoffline Description Transcript SemanticsandPragmatics Readmore 1. Group4: AnnisaNurFitriaRiskaLestari DiniHandayaniSofiyatulInayah SPEECHACTS (Pragmatics) Class4CEnglishDepartment 2. A.SpeechActs Whensomeoneexpressessomething,hedoesnot onlyproduceutterancescontaininggrammatical structuresandwords,buthealsoperformsanaction throughtheutterances. Actionperformedbyanutterancecalledspeechacts. Example:You’refired! Thisutterancecanbeusedbyusasanactiontofire someonefromhiscurrentjob. 3. Performingactionbyproducinganutterancehasthree kindsofrelatedacts.Thoseare: LocutionaryAct Illocutionary Act/IllocutionaryForce Perlocutionary Act/Perlocutionary Effect Anutterancethat producesliteral meaning Anutterancewhichhas socialfunctioninmind Anutterancethatgives aneffecttodo something Forexample:It’shothere. -Locutionaryact:Thespeakerfeelshotinhisplace. -Illocutionaryact:Theutterancehastwopossiblemeaningsinside •Anindirectrequestforsomeonetoopenthewindow. •Anindirectrefusaltoclosethewindowbecausesomeoneiscold -Perlocutionaryact:Thehearerwillopen/closethewindow 4. B.IllocutionaryAct Illocutionaryactisthemainfocusofspeechacts. Illocutionaryforcefromanutteranceiswhatit ‘countas’. Example:I’llseeyoulater.Wecouldfindthree differentassumptionsofitsmeaning. (Ipredictthat)I’llseeyoulater=>aprediction (Ipromiseyouthat)I’llseeyoulater=>a promise (Iwarnyouthat)I’llseeyoulater=>awarning. 5. Therearetwowaystoanswerthis: Howtosolvethisproblem? Theproblemcouldhappensineveryutterance: Theymighthavedifferentmeaningwhichcanmake thehearercannotrecognizetherealillocutionary forcefromtheutterance. IFIDsFelicitycondition 6. 1.IFIDs IllocutionaryForceIndicatingDevices=>an expressionfromanutterancewhichcontainsaslot toputaverbthatexplicitlynamedtheillocutionary actbeingperformed. Theverbcalledperformativeverb(Vp) I(Vp)youthat... I’llseeyoulater. IwarnyouthatI’llseeyoulater. IpromiseyouthatI’llseeyoulater. 7. Speakersdonotusually‘perform’theirspeechacts withaperformativeverb.Butsometimes,theyuseit todistincttheirspeechact. Him:CanItalktoMary? Her:No,sheisnothere. Him:I’maskingyou—canItalktoher? Her:AndI’mtellingyou—SHEISNOTHERE! Theyexplicitlydescribetheirutterance’s illocutionaryactbyusing‘ask’and‘tell’as performativeverb. 8. IFIDscanbeidentifiedasawordorder,stress,and intonation. a.Sheisgoing!=>Itellyou. b.Sheisgoing?=>Irequestconfirmation. c.Isshegoing?=>Iaskyou. 9. 2.Felicitycondition Tomaketheutterancecanberecognizebythe hearer,thecircumstancesurroundingthespeaker mustbeappropriatewiththecondition. Suchconditioncalledfelicitycondition. Ex:Isentenceyoutosixmonthsinprison. Theperformancewon’tbeappropriateifthespeaker isnotaspecificpersoninspecialcontext(inthis case,thespeakermustbeajudgeinacourtroom). 10. Aspeechactneedstobeperformedalongcertain typesofconditions,inordertobesuccessfully recognized. Propositionalcontent condition Preparatorycondition Requirestheparticipantsto understandthelanguage, nottoactlikeactorsorto lie. E.g.Promiseorwarning mustbeaboutthefuture. Requiresthatthespeech actisembeddedina contextthatis conventionallyrecognize, thus,justbyutteringa promise,theeventwillnot happenbyitself. 11. Aspeechactneedstobeperformedalongcertain typesofconditions,inordertobesuccessfully recognized. SincerityconditionEssentialcondition Requiresthatthespeakeris sincereinutteringthe declaration. E.g.Promiseisonly effectivewhenthespeaker reallyintendstocarryit out. Requiresthatallparties intendtheresult. E.g.Changesstateof speakerfromnon- obligationtoobligation (promise). 12. C.ThePerformativeHypothesis Awaytoassumetheunderlyingutterance(U),there isaclause,similartothepreviousexample(I(Vp) youthat...),containingaperformativeverb(Vp) whichmakestheillocutionaryforceexplicit. I(hereby)Vpyou(that)U Inthisclause,thesubjectmustbefirstperson singular(‘I’),followedbytheadverb‘hereby’, indicatingthattheutterance‘countsas’anactionby beinguttered. 13. Lookattheexamplesbelow: Iherebyorderyou thatyoucleanup thismess. Cleanupthismess! Theunderlyingclauseintheblueboxwillalways makeexplicit,andthesecondoneisimplicit. Thefirstexample(normallywithout‘hereby’)isusedby speakersasexplicitperformatives.Andthesecond exampleisanimplicitperformativesorprimary performatives. 14. Theadvantageofthisanalysistype: Itmakesclearjustwhatelementsareinvolvedinhe productionandinterpretationofutterances. Doityourself!(implicit) Thereflexivein‘yourself’ismadepossiblebythe antecendent‘you’inexplicitversion. Iorderyouthatyoudoityourself.(explicit) 15. Thedisadvantageofthisanalysistype: Notallthepervormativeverbscanbeusetomake anexplicitversionoftheimplicitutterance. -You’redumberthanarock. -?Iherebyinsultyouthatyou’redumberthanarock Thereallypracticalproblemwithanyanalysis basedonidentifyingexplicitperformativeiswe simplydonotknowhowmanyperformativeverbs arethereinanylanguage.Tosolvethis,thereisa generalclassificationsystemlistoffunction performedbyspeechactsthatcanbeused. 16. D.SpeechActClassification Onegeneralclassificationsystemlistsfivetypesof generalfunctionperformedbyspeechacts: Declaration RepresentativeExpressive DirectiveCommissive 17. 1.Declaration Speechactsthatchangetheworldviatheir utterance/word. Forexample: a)Priest:Inowpronounceyouhusbandandwife. b)Referee:You’reout! c)Judge:Isentenceyoutosixmonthsinprison! 18. 2.Representative Speechactsthatstatewhatspeakerbelievestobethe caseornot. Fact,assertions,conclusions,descriptions=> representingtheworldashebelievesitis. Thespeakermakesthewordsfittheworld(ofbelief). Forexample: a)Theearthisflat. b)Chomskydidn’twriteaboutpeanuts. c)Itwasawarmsunnyday. 19. 3.Expressive Speechactsthatstatewhatspeakerfeels. Psychologicalexpression=>pleasure,pain,likes, dislikes,joy,orsorrow. Thespeakermakeswordsfittheworld(offeeling). Forexample: a)I’mreallysorry! b)Congratulations! c)Oh,yes,great,mmm,ssahh! 20. 4.Directive Speechactsthatspeakerusetogetsomeoneelseto dosomething. Command,orders,requests,suggestion=>canbe positiveornegative. Thespeakerattemptstomaketheworldfitthe words(viahearer). Forexample: a)Gimmeacupofcoffee.Makeitblack. b)Couldyoulendmeapen,please? c)Don’ttouchthat. 21. 5.Commissive Speechactsthatspeakersusetocommitthemselves tosomefutureaction. Promises,threats,refusals,pledges=>canbe performedaloneorbyagroup. Thespeakerundertakestomaketheworldfitthe words(viathespeaker). Forexample: a)I’llbeback. b)I’mgoingtogetitrightnexttime. c)Wewillnotdothat. 22. Speechact type DirectionoffitS=Speaker,X= Situation DeclarationsWordschangetheworldScausesX RepresentativeMakewordsfittheworldSbelievesX ExpressiveMakewordsfittheworldSfeelsX DirectivesMaketheworldfitwordsSwantsX CommissiveMaketheworldfitwordsSintendsX TableofSpeechActClassification 23. E.DirectandIndirectSpeechActs Lookattheexamplesbelow: a.Sheplantsamangotree.(declarative-statement) b.Doessheplantamangotree?(interrogative- question) c.Plantamangotree!(imperative- command/request). Thereisaneasilyrecognizedrelationshipbetween threestructuralforms(declarative,interrogative, imperative)andthreegeneralcommunication function(statement,question,command/request). 24. Directspeechisadirectrelationshipbetweena structureandafunction. Indirectspeechisanindirectrelationshipbetween astructureandafunction. Forexample: Wehaveknownthatadeclarativesentencehasa functionasastatement,sowecallitdirectspeech act. Butifthedeclarativesentenceusedtobearequest, wecallitindirectspeechact. 25. a)It’scoldoutside. b)Iherebytellyouabouttheweather. c)Iherebyrequestofyouthatyouclosethedoor. Theutterancea)isadeclarative.Ifweusedit makeastatementasparaphrasedinb),itis functioningasadirectspeech. Ifthea)usedtomakeacommand/request,as paraphrasedinc),itisfunctioningasanindirect speech. 26. a)Moveoutoftheway!(imperative-command) b)DoyouhavetostandinfrontoftheTV? (interrogative-command) c)You’restandinginfrontoftheTV.(declarative- command) Couldyouopenthewindow? Theutterancenotonlyneedstheanswer Yes/No,butitalsoasksthehearertodo something.Interrogativesentenceasa command(indirectspeechact). 27. F.SpeechEvent Speechact=>onepersontryingtogetanother persontodosomethingwithoutriskingrefusalor causingoffense. Speechevent=>thesetofutteranceproducedina socialsituationinvolvingparticipantswho necessarilyhaveasocialrelationshipandhave particulargoals. Theactivityinwhichparticipantsinteractvia languageinsomeconventionalwaytoarriveatsome outcome. 28. a):Idon’treallylikethis. b):Ok,Iwilltakeanotherone. a)Asanobvoiuscentralspeechact b)Asthespeechactthatreactstothe centralspeechact. Itmeansthatinthespeecheventabove (complaining),thereisacentralspeechactand theotherspeechactthatleadupandreactsto thecentralaction/speechact. 29. Aspeecheventcanbedefinedbyaunifiedsetof componentsthroughout: Samepurposeofcommunication Sametopic Sameparticipants Samelanguagevariety(generally) Forexample:exchanginggreetings,tellingjokes, givingspeeches,requestinghelp,complaining,etc. 30. Speechevent:exchanginggreetings A:Goodmorning,Sir.(speechact1) B:Morning.Howareyoutoday? (speechact2) A:I’mfine,Sir.Thankyou.(speech act3) Speechevent:askingthetime A:Whattimeisit?(speechact1) B:Itis3o’clock.(speechact2) A:Thankyou.(speechact3) Readmore Readless Education Description Transcript SemanticsandPragmatics Readmore 1. Group4: AnnisaNurFitriaRiskaLestari DiniHandayaniSofiyatulInayah SPEECHACTS (Pragmatics) Class4CEnglishDepartment 2. A.SpeechActs Whensomeoneexpressessomething,hedoesnot onlyproduceutterancescontaininggrammatical structuresandwords,buthealsoperformsanaction throughtheutterances. Actionperformedbyanutterancecalledspeechacts. Example:You’refired! Thisutterancecanbeusedbyusasanactiontofire someonefromhiscurrentjob. 3. Performingactionbyproducinganutterancehasthree kindsofrelatedacts.Thoseare: LocutionaryAct Illocutionary Act/IllocutionaryForce Perlocutionary Act/Perlocutionary Effect Anutterancethat producesliteral meaning Anutterancewhichhas socialfunctioninmind Anutterancethatgives aneffecttodo something Forexample:It’shothere. -Locutionaryact:Thespeakerfeelshotinhisplace. -Illocutionaryact:Theutterancehastwopossiblemeaningsinside •Anindirectrequestforsomeonetoopenthewindow. •Anindirectrefusaltoclosethewindowbecausesomeoneiscold -Perlocutionaryact:Thehearerwillopen/closethewindow 4. B.IllocutionaryAct Illocutionaryactisthemainfocusofspeechacts. Illocutionaryforcefromanutteranceiswhatit ‘countas’. Example:I’llseeyoulater.Wecouldfindthree differentassumptionsofitsmeaning. (Ipredictthat)I’llseeyoulater=>aprediction (Ipromiseyouthat)I’llseeyoulater=>a promise (Iwarnyouthat)I’llseeyoulater=>awarning. 5. Therearetwowaystoanswerthis: Howtosolvethisproblem? Theproblemcouldhappensineveryutterance: Theymighthavedifferentmeaningwhichcanmake thehearercannotrecognizetherealillocutionary forcefromtheutterance. IFIDsFelicitycondition 6. 1.IFIDs IllocutionaryForceIndicatingDevices=>an expressionfromanutterancewhichcontainsaslot toputaverbthatexplicitlynamedtheillocutionary actbeingperformed. Theverbcalledperformativeverb(Vp) I(Vp)youthat... I’llseeyoulater. IwarnyouthatI’llseeyoulater. IpromiseyouthatI’llseeyoulater. 7. Speakersdonotusually‘perform’theirspeechacts withaperformativeverb.Butsometimes,theyuseit todistincttheirspeechact. Him:CanItalktoMary? Her:No,sheisnothere. Him:I’maskingyou—canItalktoher? Her:AndI’mtellingyou—SHEISNOTHERE! Theyexplicitlydescribetheirutterance’s illocutionaryactbyusing‘ask’and‘tell’as performativeverb. 8. IFIDscanbeidentifiedasawordorder,stress,and intonation. a.Sheisgoing!=>Itellyou. b.Sheisgoing?=>Irequestconfirmation. c.Isshegoing?=>Iaskyou. 9. 2.Felicitycondition Tomaketheutterancecanberecognizebythe hearer,thecircumstancesurroundingthespeaker mustbeappropriatewiththecondition. Suchconditioncalledfelicitycondition. Ex:Isentenceyoutosixmonthsinprison. Theperformancewon’tbeappropriateifthespeaker isnotaspecificpersoninspecialcontext(inthis case,thespeakermustbeajudgeinacourtroom). 10. Aspeechactneedstobeperformedalongcertain typesofconditions,inordertobesuccessfully recognized. Propositionalcontent condition Preparatorycondition Requirestheparticipantsto understandthelanguage, nottoactlikeactorsorto lie. E.g.Promiseorwarning mustbeaboutthefuture. Requiresthatthespeech actisembeddedina contextthatis conventionallyrecognize, thus,justbyutteringa promise,theeventwillnot happenbyitself. 11. Aspeechactneedstobeperformedalongcertain typesofconditions,inordertobesuccessfully recognized. SincerityconditionEssentialcondition Requiresthatthespeakeris sincereinutteringthe declaration. E.g.Promiseisonly effectivewhenthespeaker reallyintendstocarryit out. Requiresthatallparties intendtheresult. E.g.Changesstateof speakerfromnon- obligationtoobligation (promise). 12. C.ThePerformativeHypothesis Awaytoassumetheunderlyingutterance(U),there isaclause,similartothepreviousexample(I(Vp) youthat...),containingaperformativeverb(Vp) whichmakestheillocutionaryforceexplicit. I(hereby)Vpyou(that)U Inthisclause,thesubjectmustbefirstperson singular(‘I’),followedbytheadverb‘hereby’, indicatingthattheutterance‘countsas’anactionby beinguttered. 13. Lookattheexamplesbelow: Iherebyorderyou thatyoucleanup thismess. Cleanupthismess! Theunderlyingclauseintheblueboxwillalways makeexplicit,andthesecondoneisimplicit. Thefirstexample(normallywithout‘hereby’)isusedby speakersasexplicitperformatives.Andthesecond exampleisanimplicitperformativesorprimary performatives. 14. Theadvantageofthisanalysistype: Itmakesclearjustwhatelementsareinvolvedinhe productionandinterpretationofutterances. Doityourself!(implicit) Thereflexivein‘yourself’ismadepossiblebythe antecendent‘you’inexplicitversion. Iorderyouthatyoudoityourself.(explicit) 15. Thedisadvantageofthisanalysistype: Notallthepervormativeverbscanbeusetomake anexplicitversionoftheimplicitutterance. -You’redumberthanarock. -?Iherebyinsultyouthatyou’redumberthanarock Thereallypracticalproblemwithanyanalysis basedonidentifyingexplicitperformativeiswe simplydonotknowhowmanyperformativeverbs arethereinanylanguage.Tosolvethis,thereisa generalclassificationsystemlistoffunction performedbyspeechactsthatcanbeused. 16. D.SpeechActClassification Onegeneralclassificationsystemlistsfivetypesof generalfunctionperformedbyspeechacts: Declaration RepresentativeExpressive DirectiveCommissive 17. 1.Declaration Speechactsthatchangetheworldviatheir utterance/word. Forexample: a)Priest:Inowpronounceyouhusbandandwife. b)Referee:You’reout! c)Judge:Isentenceyoutosixmonthsinprison! 18. 2.Representative Speechactsthatstatewhatspeakerbelievestobethe caseornot. Fact,assertions,conclusions,descriptions=> representingtheworldashebelievesitis. Thespeakermakesthewordsfittheworld(ofbelief). Forexample: a)Theearthisflat. b)Chomskydidn’twriteaboutpeanuts. c)Itwasawarmsunnyday. 19. 3.Expressive Speechactsthatstatewhatspeakerfeels. Psychologicalexpression=>pleasure,pain,likes, dislikes,joy,orsorrow. Thespeakermakeswordsfittheworld(offeeling). Forexample: a)I’mreallysorry! b)Congratulations! c)Oh,yes,great,mmm,ssahh! 20. 4.Directive Speechactsthatspeakerusetogetsomeoneelseto dosomething. Command,orders,requests,suggestion=>canbe positiveornegative. Thespeakerattemptstomaketheworldfitthe words(viahearer). Forexample: a)Gimmeacupofcoffee.Makeitblack. b)Couldyoulendmeapen,please? c)Don’ttouchthat. 21. 5.Commissive Speechactsthatspeakersusetocommitthemselves tosomefutureaction. Promises,threats,refusals,pledges=>canbe performedaloneorbyagroup. Thespeakerundertakestomaketheworldfitthe words(viathespeaker). Forexample: a)I’llbeback. b)I’mgoingtogetitrightnexttime. c)Wewillnotdothat. 22. Speechact type DirectionoffitS=Speaker,X= Situation DeclarationsWordschangetheworldScausesX RepresentativeMakewordsfittheworldSbelievesX ExpressiveMakewordsfittheworldSfeelsX DirectivesMaketheworldfitwordsSwantsX CommissiveMaketheworldfitwordsSintendsX TableofSpeechActClassification 23. E.DirectandIndirectSpeechActs Lookattheexamplesbelow: a.Sheplantsamangotree.(declarative-statement) b.Doessheplantamangotree?(interrogative- question) c.Plantamangotree!(imperative- command/request). Thereisaneasilyrecognizedrelationshipbetween threestructuralforms(declarative,interrogative, imperative)andthreegeneralcommunication function(statement,question,command/request). 24. Directspeechisadirectrelationshipbetweena structureandafunction. Indirectspeechisanindirectrelationshipbetween astructureandafunction. Forexample: Wehaveknownthatadeclarativesentencehasa functionasastatement,sowecallitdirectspeech act. Butifthedeclarativesentenceusedtobearequest, wecallitindirectspeechact. 25. a)It’scoldoutside. b)Iherebytellyouabouttheweather. c)Iherebyrequestofyouthatyouclosethedoor. Theutterancea)isadeclarative.Ifweusedit makeastatementasparaphrasedinb),itis functioningasadirectspeech. Ifthea)usedtomakeacommand/request,as paraphrasedinc),itisfunctioningasanindirect speech. 26. a)Moveoutoftheway!(imperative-command) b)DoyouhavetostandinfrontoftheTV? (interrogative-command) c)You’restandinginfrontoftheTV.(declarative- command) Couldyouopenthewindow? Theutterancenotonlyneedstheanswer Yes/No,butitalsoasksthehearertodo something.Interrogativesentenceasa command(indirectspeechact). 27. F.SpeechEvent Speechact=>onepersontryingtogetanother persontodosomethingwithoutriskingrefusalor causingoffense. Speechevent=>thesetofutteranceproducedina socialsituationinvolvingparticipantswho necessarilyhaveasocialrelationshipandhave particulargoals. Theactivityinwhichparticipantsinteractvia languageinsomeconventionalwaytoarriveatsome outcome. 28. a):Idon’treallylikethis. b):Ok,Iwilltakeanotherone. a)Asanobvoiuscentralspeechact b)Asthespeechactthatreactstothe centralspeechact. Itmeansthatinthespeecheventabove (complaining),thereisacentralspeechactand theotherspeechactthatleadupandreactsto thecentralaction/speechact. 29. Aspeecheventcanbedefinedbyaunifiedsetof componentsthroughout: Samepurposeofcommunication Sametopic Sameparticipants Samelanguagevariety(generally) Forexample:exchanginggreetings,tellingjokes, givingspeeches,requestinghelp,complaining,etc. 30. Speechevent:exchanginggreetings A:Goodmorning,Sir.(speechact1) B:Morning.Howareyoutoday? (speechact2) A:I’mfine,Sir.Thankyou.(speech act3) Speechevent:askingthetime A:Whattimeisit?(speechact1) B:Itis3o’clock.(speechact2) A:Thankyou.(speechact3) Readmore Readless Education Unit2 marielytgg Speechactandspeechevent JuvriantoChrissundayJakob Speechacts(SLT) H.R.Marasabessy Unit2 marielytgg PragmaticandSpeechact.ppt EnyChan 06speechactandeventforstudents gadispratiwi Pragmatics GhegeAsepxWsj PresentaseMacropragmaticsspeechactsaustinandsearle JuvriantoChrissundayJakob Speechacts ElifGüllübudak Speechacts AefTony Unit2 marielytgg Speechactandspeechevent JuvriantoChrissundayJakob Speechacts(SLT) H.R.Marasabessy Unit2 marielytgg PragmaticandSpeechact.ppt EnyChan 06speechactandeventforstudents gadispratiwi Pragmatics GhegeAsepxWsj PresentaseMacropragmaticsspeechactsaustinandsearle JuvriantoChrissundayJakob Speechacts ElifGüllübudak Speechacts AefTony MoreRelatedContent Slideshowsforyou Speechacts CarolinaCelis Week6speechacts Dr.RussellRodrigo Coherenceandspeechact(IstifadahLuthfataSari-UniversitasWahidiyah) iluthfata Pragmatics IvetteFernández constativevsperformatives AliFurqanSyed speechacttheoryinsemantics AseelK.Mahmood Speechacts angegamg Speechactassignment ZainabAmjad directandindirectspeech munsif123 Speechacts alejandrodn1981 Speechacts MarianSalazar Speechacttheory Dr.MohsinKhan SpeechActsAndSpeechEvents,ByDr.ShadiaYousefBanjar.Pptx Dr.ShadiaBanjar SpeechAct(AndrewD.Cohen) 1213anita Speechacts Yirmanny Pragmatics LyudmilaOsinovskaya MacropragmaticsAusten'sspeechactandSearle'sfivemajorespeechacts SuaadZahawi Speechactstheoryinsociolinguistics AseelK.Mahmood SimilartoSpeechacts Speechactsandevents YophiGimbal Pragmatics evrem57 Discourseanalysis hamidmnati Speechacts120705105111-phpapp02 mohsupardi Hxe302speechacts(1) MuhammadAlFateh Interpersonalmeaning JanetTibaldo Pedagogicalimplicationofca SajedahAjlouni Pragmaticsgeorgeyule- HifzaKiyani Speechactsandevents DiyahIstiqamah Pragmatics,thestudyoflanguageusein KhaleelAlBataineh SPEECHACTTHEORY AliSoomro SpeechActTheory AqsaGilani1 pragmaticsspeechacttheorypromises,felicityconditions SajidAli IllocutionaryActsAnalysisofChineseinPematangsiantar inventionjournals Kris'DissterationChapter2LiteratureReview KrisChang,Ph.D. Pragmatics(SpeechActs) RubyRoseBaldovino Pragmatics MianAbdulRahman1 ElmaeC.Velasco11-pascal FryCheese PowerpointonLecture4.Syntax OlgaDumer SpeechActTheory AqsaGilani1 Morefrommardiatunnisa studyreadingnovel(womanatpointzero)-structuralismapproach mardiatunnisa drawingconclusion&predictingoutcomes mardiatunnisa makinginferences mardiatunnisa Partofabook mardiatunnisa skimmingandpreviewing mardiatunnisa patternsoforganization mardiatunnisa VocabularyBuilding mardiatunnisa metathesis mardiatunnisa TheDifferencesbetweenSyllabusandCurriculum mardiatunnisa Elementsofdrama mardiatunnisa Featured WhattoUploadtoSlideShare SlideShare BeAGreatProductLeader(Amplify,Oct2019) AdamNash TrillionDollarCoachBook(BillCampbell) EricSchmidt APIdaysParis2019-Innovation@scale,APIsasDigitalFactories'NewMachi... apidays Afewthoughtsonworklife-balance WimVanderbauwhede Isvcstillathingfinal MarkSuster TheGaryVeeContentModel GaryVaynerchuk MammalianBrainChemistryExplainsEverything LorettaBreuning,PhD Blockchain+AI+CryptoEconomicsAreWeCreatingaCodeTsunami? 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