The Islamic Glossary: An Explanation of Names, Terms and ...

Muslim is one who believes in Allah, his Prophet (S.A.W.), the day of Resurrection (Qiyamat), recites the Kalemah, and accepts the commandments of Allah and His ... Skiptomaincontent read YoumighthavenoticedunfamiliarArabictermsorEnglishabbreviations/titles/names.Anattemptatexplainingthemfollows.Ifthereisstillsometermthatisunclear,pleasedonothesitatetocontactusthroughtheSiteInformationsectionofAl-Islam.org/ Thedefinitionsarebynomeanscomprehensive,andserveasanintroductiontotheterm.Afulldefinitionofeachtermwouldsurelyrequiremorediskspacethanavailableinalltheworld. •AaronseeHarun •AbarAlithenameofaplacewhereMasjiduShajarahissituated,7km.outsideofMedinah. •Abbasb.Alib.AbiTalibwasthebrotherofImamHussein(A.S.).HismotherwasUmmal-Banin.AbbaswaskilledatKarbala. •AbuDharral-Ghiffari(Jundubb.Junada)wasacompanionoftheProphet(S.A.W.)whowasloyaltoImamAli(A.S.)Hediedin32(A.H.)651(A.D.)afterbeingexpilledbyUthman. •AbuTalibwasthefatherofAli(A.S.).HelookedaftertheProphet(S.A.W.)whenthelatterwasachild. •'AdlisJustice •AdamwasthefirstmanandthefirstprophetofAllah. •Adhanisthecallfordailyritualprayers(Salat). •Ahlul-BaytreferstotheHouseholdoftheHolyProphet(S.A.W.). •Ahwatisaprecaution.ThiscanbeobligatoryoroptionalasruledbytheMujtahid. •AkhirahistheHereafter •A'lamisthetoprankingjurist •AleMuhammadBloodkin,descendantsoftheProphetMuhammad(S.A.W.). •Alib.AbiTalib(A.S.)isthefirstImam(A.S.),thecousinandson-in-lawoftheHolyProphet(S.A.W.).HeisreferredtoasAmeeral-Mu'mineen,theLeaderoftheFaithful.Hewaspoisonedin661A.D. •Alib.al-Husaynb.Alib.AbiTalib(A.S.)isthefourthImam. •Alib.Muhammadb.Alib.Musaal-Hadi,Abual-Hasan(A.S.)isthe10thImam. •Alib.Musaal-Rida,Abual-Hasan(A.S.)istheeighthImam. •'Alimisascholar •AllahreferstoGod,glorybetoHim,thereisnogodbutHe.AllahisaDivinenameofGod.ItistheperfectnameforGodasittrulydenotestheabsoluteOnenessofGod.Thenamehasnopluralandnofeminineform. •A'maalisanactofworship. •AmirulMu'mineenThecommanderofthefaithful,ImamAli(A.S.). •AmrbilMa-rooforderingtogoods •ArafahistheninthdayofDhul-Hijjah. •Arafatistheareaabout25km.awayfromMecca,SaudiArabia. •A.H.referstoAfterHijrah. •A.S.refersto'Alayhis-salaam,(God's)peacebewithhim.Itissaidafterthenamesofallpreviousprophets,theirmothers(e.g.BibiMaryam[Mary]A.S.),thetwelvedivineImamsfromthehouseholdofProphetMuhammad(S.A.W.)andBibiFatima(A.S.).Itwillchangeto'Alayhas-salaam(peacebewithher)ifitfollowsalady'sname.Afteranytwonameswesay'Alayhimas-salaamandaftermorethantwonamesorwhenreferringagroupofpeoplewesay'Alayhimus-salaam.Thus,wesayImamsHasanandHusayn(A.S.='alayhimas-salaam)andtheAhul-Bayt(A.S.'alayhimus-salaam). •AshurathedayImanHussai(sa)waskilledinKarbalaland •'Asristheafternoon,andtheprayeroftheafternoon •AyahisasignofAllahoraverseoftheQur'an(pl.Ayat) •AyatulKursiVerseNo.255inSuratulBaqarah •Baab-al-SalaamisoneofthefamousgatesofMasjidulHaraam. •Balighisonewhoisanadult •Batilisvoid •BilalwasacompanionoftheProphet(S.A.W.) •BismillahmeansIntheNameofAllahorIbeginintheNameofAllah •Bulughispuberty •DavidseeDawood •DawoodwasaProphetofAllahmentionedintheQur'anandtheOldTestament. •Deenisreligion •Dhikrisremembrance,therecitationofspecialinvocationsduringandafterritualprayers. •Dhuhrprayersaretheafternoonprayers •DhulHijjahisthelastmonth(12th)oftheIslamiccalendar. •DhulQidahisthe11thmonthoftheIslamiccalendar. •Du'aissupplication •EhtiaatseeAhwat •Ehtiaat-Mustahabbiisapreferableprecaution •Ehtiaat-Waajibisanobligatoryprecautionwhichmustbefollowed •EidisanIslamicholiday.ThefourEidsarelistedbelow.    •Eidul-AdhafallsonthetenthdayofDhulHijjah.    •Eidul-Fitrfallsonthe1stdayofShawwal.    •Eid-eGhadeer    •Eid-eMubahala •Fajrisdawn,anddenotesSubhe-Sadiq,theprimetimeforprayer •Farsakhisadistanceoffiveandahalfkilometers •FatihaistheopeningchapteroftheHolyQur'an. •FatimaorFatema(A.S.),theChiefofthewomenoftheworlds,isthedaughteroftheProphet(S.A.W.)andthewifeofAlib.AbiTalib(A.S.),themotherofHasanandHussein(A.S.) •Fatwaisaverdict,especiallyofaMujtahid •Fidyahisasacrificeofananimalforexpiation •Fiqhisascienceofreligiousjurispudence •FitrahisthecharitydueontheoccasionofEidal-Fitr,onthenightafterRamadhan. •Foroo-e-DinarethebranchesofIslam •GhadeeristhenameofaplacenearMecca,andthegreatholidaynamedaftertheeventthatoccurredatthatplace. •Ghasbiisusurpation •Ghuslisaspiritualbathrequiredaftersexualintercourse,menstruation,seminaldischarge,andotherconditions. •Hadath-Akbarissomethingthatneedswudhuorghusl •Hadath-Asgharisaminorhadaththatneedswudhu •Hadeethisanarration/traditionreportedfromtheProphet(S)andtheImams(a) •HajarulAswadistheBlackStone. •HajjistheIslamicpilgrimage •HajjatulTamatuisthesecnodsessionoftheHajjforthosewhoarenotresidentinMeccaoritsvicinity. •Halalissomethingthatislawfulandpermissibletouse/consumeinIslam •Halqistoshaveoffthehairfromthehead(duringHajj) •HamzawasanuncleoftheProphetwhobecameaMuslimandwasmartyredatthebattleofUhud. •Haqistherightorclaimtosomething •HaramisthatwhichisunlawfulinIslam.Itisnecessarytoabstainfromtheactswhichareharam. •HarunwasthebrotherofMusa(Moses)andProphetofAllahmentionedintheQur'an. •Hasanb.Alib.AbiTalib(A.S.)wasthesecndImam. •Hasanb.Alib.Muhammad,AbuMuhammadal-Askari(A.S.)wasthe11thImam. •Hijabisthescreeningbetweennon-mahrammenandwomen •HijraisthedaytheHolyProphet(S.A.W.)leftMeccaforMedina.Inparticular,itwastheProphet's(S.A.W.)abandoningMeccabecauseofitsmountinghostility,andtransferringhimselfandhisfollowerstoYathrib(200milesnorth)whosepeoplehadinvitedhim.Hearrivedonthe20thofSeptember622AD,andthecityproudlychangeditsnametoMedinatu'l-Nabi(theProphet's(S.A.W.)city).OnImamAli's(A.S.)advice,Omar,reproachedfornotdatingdocuments,tookthiseventasthestartoftheMuslimera,dubbingtheyearoftheHijrahyearasYear1andstartingitontheLunarNewYear'sDay,the1stofMuharram622AD. •Hijr-e-IsmaaeelisasmallwallinanarcshapeadjoiningtheKa'baononeside •HiraisthecavewhereinProphetMuhammad(S)satforworshippingAllah •Husainb.Alib.AbiTalib(A.S.)wasthethirdImam. •Ibadahisdevotionorworship •Ibrahim •Iftaristhebreakingofthefast •IhramisthestateinwhicheverypilgriminHajjhastoperformhis/herHajj,consistingoftwomodestclothesand25restrictions. •Ihtiyatisaprecautionaryactionwhichusuallyrequiresrepetition. •IhtiyatWajibmeansprecautionarilyobligatory.Itssignificanceisthesameasthatofwajibwiththedifferencethatintheproblemswhereamujtahidsaysitis“precautionarilyobligatory”,onehastheoptionofleavinghistaqlidinthisparticularproblemandfollowingtherulingsofthesecond-bestmujtahidinthatproblem. •ImammeansLeaderinArabic.Thetermisgenerallyappliedtoreligiousleaders.However,thereare12infallibleandnobleImams,thedescendantsofMuhammad(S.A.W.). •Imanisfull,deepbelieforfaith. •InjilistheNewTestament. •InshallahmeanswiththewillofAllah •Iqamahistheannouncementofthebeginningofprayer. •IsawasthesonofMariam(Mary).HeisaprophetofAllah. •Ishaisthecommencementofdarkness,andtheprayerofthattime. •IshmaelseeIsmaeel •IslamwasrevealedtotheProphet(SuraIII:Ali-Imran--TheFamilyofImran,verse19)“TheReligionofAllahisAl-Islam,”andagain(SuraV:Ma'idah--TheTableSpread,verse3)“ThisdayIhaveapprovedal-Islamforyouasareligion.”Islamistheverbalnounof“asalama”--tosubmitoneselftoGod. •IsmaeelwasthesonofAbraham,ProphetofAllahandthefatheroftheArabs. •IstighfaristoseektheforgivenessofAllah •Ja'farb.Muhammadb.Alib.al-Husayn,al-Sadiq,AbuAbdAllah(A.S.)wasthe6thImam. •Ja'izseeHalal •JacobseeYaqub •Jama'atisagrouporacongregation •JesusseeIsa. •Jihadisaholywar(strivingorfightinginthewayofAllah)bytheorderoftheImam. •Jinnisatypeofcreaturehaving,likehumans,freewill •JosephseeYusuf •Jum'ahisFriday •Ka'bahisthecubichousebuiltbyProphetIbrahim(A.S.)andhissonIsmaeel(A.S.)morethan3000yearsagoinMecca,towardswhichallMuslimsfacefortheirSalat.ItcontainstheHajarulAswadortheBlackStone. •Kafaistheshroudforthedead •Kaffaraharealmstobegivenaspenanceondifferentoccasions. •KarbalaaholeycityInIraqwhereImamHussain(sa)waskilledthereindayAshura •KhadijawasthedaughterofKhuwaylidandthewifeoftheProphet(S.A.W.).ShewasthemotherofFatima(A.S.). •Khumsis“afifth”,obligatorytax-likecharity •KifieisanobligatoryIslamicrule.Ifonepersonperformstheact,thenitisnotrequiredforotherstoperform.Forexample,theburialofadeceasedMuslimisobligatoryonanyonepersontoperform. •Labbaikliterallymeansaresponsetothecall •Madinameanscity,andMedinatu'lNabi(thecityoftheProphet)wasthenametakenbythecitizensofYathrib,thetowntowhichtheProphet(S.A.W.)andhiscompanionsmigratedduringHijrah. •Maghribissun-downandtheprayerassociatedwithit •Mahramisapersonwithwhommarriageisforbidden •Makruhissomethingabominable •Maqame-e-IbrahimisaplaceneartheKa'bah,wherethereisastonebearingthefootprintofProphetIbrahim(a) •MarwahisaremnantofamountaininMecca. •Masjidisamosque,aplaceofIslamicworship. •Masjid-u-ShajarahisamosqueoutsideMadinah,wheremostoftheHajisgothereforwearingIhram;aMeeqat •Masjid-ul-HaramistheGrandmosqueinMakkah,wheretheHolyKa'baissituated •Mayyitisacorpse,adeadbodyofahumanbeing •MeccaisaholycityinArabia •MedinaseeMadina •MeeqatareappointedplacesforwearingIhrambeforeenteringMakkah •Minaisanareaabout12km.fromMecca. •MosesseeMusa •Muhammad(S.A.W.)istheLastoftheMessengersofAllahtomankind. •Muhammadb.Alib.al-HusaynalBaqir,AbuJa'far(A.S.)isthe5thImam. •Muhammadb.Alib.Musa,al-Jawad,isthe9thImam. •Muhammadb.al-Hasanal-Askari(A.S.)isthe12thImam. •MuharramisthefirstmonthoftheIslamiccalendar. •MujtahidissspecialistonthedeductionoftheIslamicrulesfromfourmajorsources:theQur'an,Hadith,conscienceofthecommunity,andreasoning. •Mu'minisabeliever,onewhohasIman(pl.Mu'mineen) •Muqallidisafollowerofaqualifiedspecialistonreligiousmatters. •MusawasaProphetofAllahmentionedintheQur'anandtheOldTestament. •Musab.Ja'farb.Muhammadal-Kadhim,Abual-Hasan(A.S.)isthe7thImam. •MuslimisonewhobelievesinAllah,hisProphet(S.A.W.),thedayofResurrection(Qiyamat),recitestheKalemah,andacceptsthecommandmentsofAllahandHisProphet(S.A.W.)astheTruth. •MustahaborSunnatissomethingthatisrecommendedandperformedindesirefor(divine)love •Muzdalafah(alsocalledMash'ar)istheareabetweenMinaandArafat,about20km.formMecca. •NabiisaProphet •Nabuwwatisprophet-hood •NadhrisoneofthethreetypesofvowstoAlmightyAllah. •NafilaharetherecommendedprayersafterorbeforethedailyobligatorySalat. •NahianilMunkarinterdictingfromugly(sin) •Najasatisanimpurity •Najisissomethingthatisimpure •NaaristhefireofHell •NikahisapronouncementofmarriageaccordingtoShari'ah •Niyyahisanintentiontoperformanactivity. •NoahseeNuh •Non-mehramisonewithwhommarriageispermitted •NuhwasaprophetofAllahmentionedintheQur'andandtheOldTestament •Pakissomethingthatisclean,notnajis •ProphetreferstoaMessengersentbyAllahtomankind,suchas:Adam,Nuh(Noah),Ibrahim(Abraham),Musa(Moses),Isa(Jesus)(A.S.),andtheLastMessenger,theSealoftheProphethood,Muhammad(S.A.W.). •Qadhaisthedutythatisrequiredforamissedritualactivity,suchasprayersorfasting. •Qamaristhemoon •QiblahisthedirectionofSalat(towardstheKa'bah). •Qira-atisthereadingoftheprayer •QiyamisthestandingduringtheSalatforrecitationofSuratulHamdandthesecondSurah,andthestandingaftertheRuku'. •QiyamatisthedayofResurrection •QunutistheactofraisingbothpalmsinforntofthefacewhileprayinginthesecondRakatofSalat. •Qur'anistheHolyBook,theLivingMiracle,revealedfromAllahasaguidancetomankind. •QurayshisthetribeofMeccatowhichProphetMuhammad(S.A.W.)belonged.AllhisdescendantsarealsocalledQurayshi. •Qurbaniisasacrifice •QurbatistheniyyahofnearnesstoAllah •RajabistheseventhmonthoftheIslamiccalendar. •Ramadhanistheninthandtheholiestmonthoftheislamiccalendar.Itisthemonthoffastingfromsunrisetosunset. •Rasoolismessenger •Ruknliterallymeansa“pillar”.Itisalsoabasisoftheprayer. •Ruku'istheactofbowingintheSalat •S.A.W.standsforSallal-lahu'alayhiwa-alihiwa-sallaminArabic,andmeansBlessingsandpeaceofGodbewithhimandhishousehold.ItisaprayerwhichissaidafterthenameoftheHolyProphetMuhammad(S.A.W.). •Sadaqahisthecharitygiventothepoor. •SaeemeanswalkingbetweentherocksofSafaandMarwah •SafaisthepartofamountaininMecca. •Saheefa-Kamilaisacollectionofsupplicationsbyour4thImam(a),ZainulAbideen. •SajdahistheactofprostrationintheSalat,whensevenportionsofthebodytouchtheearth:theforeheadonpureground,twopalms,twoknees,andthetwobigtoes.ThetwoSajdahstogetherarecalledsajdatain. •Salamisasalutation.ItisalsothelastrecitationattheendofSalat. •Salataretheobligatoryprayers •Salawatareinvocationofblessings,specificallytherecitationofAllahummaSali'AlaMuhammadinWaAaliMuhammad,meaningOAllah,blessMuhammadandthefamilyofMuhammad. •Salman(al-Farsi)wasthePersionCompanionoftheProphet(S.A.W.) •Sawmistheactoffasting •SayyidisadescendantoftheHolyProphet(S.A.W.) •ShaabaanistheeighthmonthoftheIslamiccalendar. •Shahadahisdeclaration •ShaheedisamartyrinthewayofIslam(pl.Shuhada). •ShaitanisSatan,theenemyofmankind •Shari'aharetherulesandregulationsofIslam,thedivineLaw.Shari'ahisthetotalityofofAllah'sCommandmentsrelatingtoman'sactivities. •Shamsisthesun •Shawwalisthe10thmonthoftheIslamiccalendar. •Shi'aisafollowerofthetwelveImams(A.S.). •SunnatorMustahabmeansrecommendable,desirable.Theactswhoseneglectisnotpunished,butwhoseperformanceisrewarded,e.g.,thecallforprayers(adhan). •Surahisanychapterofthe114intheHolyQur'an.Itliterallymeansasign,orarevelation.EachSurahintheQur'anisnamedfromsomesubjectorwordwhichisparticularlystriking. •TabarraoppositeofTawalla,avoidingandeludingenemiesofAllahandprophetandImams •Tafseerisatermusedforacommentaryofanybook,specificallytheHolyQur'an. •Taharatisthestateofbeingcleanandnotimpure •TahuristhecavewhereinProphetMuhammad(S)stayedbeforefinallymigratingtoMadinah •Takbirahissaying“AllahuAkbar”(AllahistheGreatest). •TalbiyahistheformulaofresponsetotheCallofAllah,whichmustbepronouncedimmediatelyafterNiyyahofIhram •TawafispartoftheworshipofHajjandUmrah •Tawallaislovingandsupportingandfollowing(AllahandprophetandImamsandtheirallies) •Tawbahisrepentance •TawheedisDivineUnity •Tayammummeansspiritualcleansingwhichissometimesasubstituteforwudhuandghusl •ThawabisaDivineblessing •Turbahisearth,especiallyfromtheshrinesoftheHolyImams(A.S.),onwhichMuslimsplacetheirheadsduringSajdah •UmmKulthumseeZaynab •'Umraisthe“little”pilgrimage,performedinritualpuritywearingtheIhram,theseamlessceremonialgarmentsconsistingofawhitesheetfromthenaveltothekneesandawhitesheetcoveringtheleftshoulder,backandbreast,knottedontheright. •UsuleDinaretheprinciplesofIslam. •Wafatisadeath •Wajibisobligatory(pl.Wajibat).Anactwhichmustbeperformed. •WudhuisaspiritualwashofthefaceandhandsbeforeSalat •YaqubwasaprophetofAllah,mentionedintheQur'anandtheOldTestament. •YusufwasaprophetofAllah,mentionedtheQur'anandtheOldTestament. •Zakatisanobligatorycharity •ZamzamisthenameofawellatMakkah •Zaynab(UmmKulthum)wastheyoungerdaughterofAliandFatima(A.S.). •Ziyaratistovisitand/ortorecitespecialsalutationsfortheProphetMuhammad(S.A.W.)andhishousehold(A.S.). WithcontributionsfromBr.HasnainKassamali.Manydefinitionsadaptedfrom •ArticlesofIslamicActsbyAyatullahal-Khui,IslamicSeminaryPublications,1989 •al-Ahkamal-Shar'iyyah(TheIslamicReligiousRules)accordingtoAyatullahSayyidAbual-Qasimal-Musawial-Khu'i(R.A.),bySayyidMuhammadTaqiJalali.Trans.MiyanijiMusabji.TheIslamicCommunity,1986. •Resalah(Epistle)ConciseCommandmentsofIslam,AccordingtotheverdictsofHadhratAyatullahUzmaSayyidMuhammadRedhaMusaviGulpaygani(R.A.).ATranslationofMokhtasarolAhkam.Daral-Quranal-Karim,1992. •Kitabal-Irshad.TheBookofGuidance.Shaykhal-Mufid.Trans.I.K.A.Howard.MuhammadiTrust. •KnowYourIslam.MuhammadiTrust.CompiledbyYousufN.Lalljee,1976. •ManasekeHaj,accordingtotheverdictsofAyatullahGulpaygani.1993,publishedbyIslamicUniversalAssociation,20PenzancePlace,HollandPark,London,W114PG •WesternCivilizationthroughMuslimEyes.SayyidMujtabaRukniMusawiLari,trans.F.J.Goulding. •TheTendencyofRationalizingtheLawsoftheShari'ah.SayyidMuhammadRizvi,3360SexsmithRoad,Richmond,B.C.CanadaV6X2H8. 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