United States Census Bureau - Wikipedia

The United States Census Bureau (USCB), officially the Bureau of the Census, is a principal agency of the U.S. Federal Statistical System, responsible for ... UnitedStatesCensusBureau FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch BureauoftheUnitedStatesresponsibleforthecensusandrelatedstatistics CensusBureauAgencyoverviewFormedJuly 1,1902;119yearsago (1902-07-01)PrecedingagencyTemporarycensusofficesHeadquartersSuitland,Maryland,U.S.Employees4,285(2018)AnnualbudgetUS$3.8billion(est.2019)AgencyexecutiveRobertSantos,DirectorParentagencyDepartmentofCommerceWebsitecensus.gov TheUnitedStatesCensusBureau(USCB),officiallytheBureauoftheCensus,isaprincipalagencyoftheU.S.FederalStatisticalSystem,responsibleforproducingdataabouttheAmericanpeopleandeconomy.TheCensusBureauispartoftheU.S.DepartmentofCommerceanditsdirectorisappointedbythePresidentoftheUnitedStates. TheCensusBureau'sprimarymissionisconductingtheU.S.censuseverytenyears,whichallocatestheseatsoftheU.S.HouseofRepresentativestothestatesbasedontheirpopulation.[1]Thebureau'svariouscensusesandsurveyshelpallocateover$675billioninfederalfundseveryyearanditassistsstates,localcommunities,andbusinessesmakeinformeddecisions.[2][3][4]Theinformationprovidedbythecensusinformsdecisionsonwheretobuildandmaintainschools,hospitals,transportationinfrastructure,andpoliceandfiredepartments.[4] Inadditiontothedecennialcensus,theCensusBureaucontinuallyconductsover130surveysandprogramsayear,[5]includingtheAmericanCommunitySurvey,theU.S.EconomicCensus,andtheCurrentPopulationSurvey.[1]Furthermore,economicandforeigntradeindicatorsreleasedbythefederalgovernmenttypicallycontaindataproducedbytheCensusBureau. Contents 1Legalmandate 2Datacollection 2.1Censusregionsanddivisions 2.2Usesofcensusdata 2.3Datastewardship 2.4Ongoingsurveys 2.5Othersurveysconducted 3Organizationalstructure 4Computerequipment 5Handheldcomputers(HHC) 5.1Securityprecautions 5.2Successandfailure 6Notablealumni 7Seealso 8References 9Externallinks Legalmandate[edit] CensusheadquartersinSuitland,Maryland ArticleOneoftheUnitedStatesConstitution(sectionII)directsthepopulationbeenumeratedatleastonceeverytenyearsandtheresultingcountsusedtosetthenumberofmembersfromeachstateintheHouseofRepresentativesand,byextension,intheElectoralCollege.TheCensusBureaunowconductsafullpopulationcounteverytenyearsinyearsendingwithazeroandusestheterm"decennial"todescribetheoperation.Betweencensuses,theCensusBureaumakespopulationestimatesandprojections.[6] Inaddition,Censusdatadirectlyaffectshowmorethan$400billionperyearinfederalandstatefundingisallocatedtocommunitiesforneighborhoodimprovements,publichealth,education,transportationandmore.[7]TheCensusBureauismandatedwithfulfillingtheseobligations:thecollectingofstatisticsaboutthenation,itspeople,andeconomy.TheCensusBureau'slegalauthorityiscodifiedinTitle13oftheUnitedStatesCode. TheCensusBureaualsoconductssurveysonbehalfofvariousfederalgovernmentandlocalgovernmentagenciesontopicssuchasemployment,crime,health,consumerexpenditures,andhousing.Withinthebureau,theseareknownas"demographicsurveys"andareconductedperpetuallybetweenandduringdecennial(10-year)populationcounts.TheCensusBureaualsoconductseconomicsurveysofmanufacturing,retail,service,andotherestablishmentsandofdomesticgovernments. Between1790and1840,thecensuswastakenbymarshalsofthejudicialdistricts.[8]TheCensusActof1840establishedacentraloffice[9]whichbecameknownastheCensusOffice.Severalactsfollowedthatrevisedandauthorizednewcensuses,typicallyatthe10-yearintervals.In1902,thetemporaryCensusOfficewasmovedundertheDepartmentofInterior,andin1903itwasrenamedtheCensusBureauunderthenewDepartmentofCommerceandLabor.Thedepartmentwasintendedtoconsolidateoverlappingstatisticalagencies,butCensusBureauofficialswerehinderedbytheirsubordinateroleinthedepartment.[10] Anactin1920changedthedateandauthorizedmanufacturingcensuseseverytwoyearsandagriculturecensusesevery10years.[11]In1929,abillwaspassedmandatingtheHouseofRepresentativesbereapportionedbasedontheresultsofthe1930Census.[11]In1954,variousactswerecodifiedintoTitle13oftheU.S.Code.[12] Bylaw,theCensusBureaumustcounteveryoneandsubmitstatepopulationtotalstotheU.S.PresidentbyDecember31ofanyyearendinginazero.StateswithintheUnionreceivetheresultsinthespringofthefollowingyear. Datacollection[edit] U.S.CensusBureauRegionsandDivisions Censusregionsanddivisions[edit] TheUnitedStatesCensusBureaudefinesfourstatisticalregions,withninedivisions.[13]TheCensusBureauregionsare"widelyused...fordatacollectionandanalysis".[14]TheCensusBureaudefinitionispervasive.[15][16][17] RegionaldivisionsusedbytheUnitedStatesCensusBureau:[18][19] Region1:Northeast Division1:NewEngland(Connecticut,Maine,Massachusetts,NewHampshire,RhodeIsland,andVermont) Division2:Mid-Atlantic(NewJersey,NewYork,andPennsylvania) Region2:Midwest(PriortoJune1984,theMidwestRegionwasdesignatedastheNorthCentralRegion.)[18] Division3:EastNorthCentral(Illinois,Indiana,Michigan,Ohio,andWisconsin) Division4:WestNorthCentral(Iowa,Kansas,Minnesota,Missouri,Nebraska,NorthDakota,andSouthDakota) Region3:South Division5:SouthAtlantic(Delaware,Florida,Georgia,Maryland,NorthCarolina,SouthCarolina,Virginia,WashingtonD.C.,andWestVirginia) Division6:EastSouthCentral(Alabama,Kentucky,Mississippi,andTennessee) Division7:WestSouthCentral(Arkansas,Louisiana,Oklahoma,andTexas) Region4:West Division8:Mountain(Arizona,Colorado,Idaho,Montana,Nevada,NewMexico,Utah,andWyoming) Division9:Pacific(Alaska,California,Hawaii,Oregon,andWashington) Thecurrentsystemwasintroducedforthe1910census,butotherwaysofgroupingstateswereusedhistoricallybytheCensusBureau.Thefirstofthesewasintroducedafterthe1850censusbystatisticianandlatercensussuperintendentJ.D.B.DeBow.Hepublishedacompendiumwherethestatesandterritoriesweregroupedintofive"greatdivision",namelytheMiddle,NewEngland,theNorthwestern,theSouthern,andtheSouthwestern.Unsatisfiedwiththissystem,DeBowdevisedanotheronefouryearslater,withstatesandterritoriesgroupedintoanEastern,Interior,andWestern"greatsection",eachdividedintoanorthernandsouthernhalfcalled"greatdivisions".Inthefollowingdecades,severalothersystemswereused,untilthecurrentonewasintroducedin1910.Thissystemhasseenonlyminorchanges:TheNorthregionwasdividedintoaNortheastandaNorthCentralregionin1940,AlaskaandHawaiiwerebothaddedtothePacificdivisionintheWestregionuponstatehoodin1959,andtheNorthCentralregionwasrenamedtheMidwestin1984.[20] Usesofcensusdata[edit] Manyfederal,state,localandtribalgovernmentsusecensusdatato: Decidethelocationofnewhousingandpublicfacilities, Examinethedemographiccharacteristicsofcommunities,states,andtheUS, Plantransportationsystemsandroadways, Determinequotasandcreationofpoliceandfireprecincts,and Createlocalizedareasforelections,schools,utilities,etc. Gatherspopulationinformationevery10years Datastewardship[edit] TheUnitedStatesCensusBureauiscommittedtoconfidentialityandguaranteesnon-disclosureofanyaddressesorpersonalinformationrelatedtoindividualsorestablishments.Title13oftheU.S.Codeestablishespenaltiesforthedisclosureofthisinformation.AllCensusemployeesmustsignanaffidavitofnon-disclosurepriortoemployment. Thebureaucannotshareresponses,addressesorpersonalinformationwithanyone,includingtheUnitedStatesorforeigngovernments,orlawenforcementagenciessuchastheIRSortheFBIorInterpol."Providingqualitydata,forpublicgood—whilerespectingindividualprivacyand,atthesametime,protectingconfidentiality—istheCensusBureau'scoreresponsibility";"Keepingthepublic'strustiscriticaltotheCensus'sabilitytocarryoutthemissionastheleadingsourceofqualitydataabouttheNation'speopleandeconomy."[21]Onlyafter72yearsdoestheinformationcollectedbecomeavailabletootheragenciesorthegeneralpublic.[22]Seventy-twoyearswaspickedbecauseusuallyby72yearssincethecensusistaken,mostparticipantswouldbedeceased.[22] Despitetheseguaranteesofconfidentiality,theCensusBureauhassomehistoryofdisclosurestoothergovernmentagencies.In1918,theCensusBureaureleasedindividualinformationregardingseveralhundredyoungmentotheJusticeDepartmentandSelectiveServicesystemforthepurposeofprosecutionsfordraftevasion.[23][24]DuringWorldWarII,theUnitedStatesCensusBureauassistedthegovernment'sJapaneseAmericaninternmenteffortsbyprovidingconfidentialneighborhoodinformationonJapanese-Americans.Thebureau'srolewasdeniedfordecadesbutwasfinallyprovenin2007.[25][26] UnitedStatescensusdataarevaluableforthecountry'spoliticalparties;DemocratsandRepublicansarehighlyinterestedinknowingtheaccuratenumberofpersonsintheirrespectivedistricts.[27]Theseinsightsareoftenlinkedtofinancialandeconomicstrategiesthatarecentraltofederal,stateandcityinvestmentsforlocationsofparticularpopulations.[28]Suchapportionmentsaredesignedtodistributepoliticalpoweracrossneutralspatialallocations;however,"becausesomuchisatstake,thecensusalsorunstheriskofbeingpoliticized."[29] Suchpoliticaltensionshighlightthecomplexityofidentityandclassification;somearguethatunclearresultsfromthepopulationdata"isduetodistortionsbroughtaboutbypoliticalpressures."[30]Onefrequentlyusedexampleincludesambiguousethniccounts,whichofteninvolvesunderenumerationand/orundercountingofminoritypopulations.[30]Ideasaboutrace,ethnicityandidentityhavealsoevolvedintheUnitedStates,andsuchchangeswarrantexaminationofhowtheseshiftshaveimpactedtheaccuracyofcensusdataovertime.[31] TheUnitedStatesCensusBureaubeganpursuingtechnologicalinnovationstoimprovetheprecisionofitscensusdatacollectioninthe1980s.RobertW.Marx,theChiefoftheGeographyDivisionoftheUSCBteamedupwiththeU.S.GeologicalSurveyandoversawthecreationoftheTopologicallyIntegratedGeographicEncodingandReferencing(TIGER)databasesystem.[32]CensusofficialswereabletoevaluatethemoresophisticatedanddetailedresultsthattheTIGERsystemproduced;furthermore,TIGERdataisalsoavailabletothepublic.AndwhiletheTIGERsystemdoesnotdirectlyamassdemographicdata,asageographicinformationsystem(GIS),itcanbeusedtomergedemographicstoconductmoreaccurategeospatialandmappinganalysis.[33] InJuly2019theCensusBureaudeprecatedAmericanFactFinder,whichwasdecommissionedinMarch2020after20yearsofbeingtheagency'sprimarytoolfordatadissemination.[34]Thenewplatformisdata.census.gov.[35] Ongoingsurveys[edit] Thissectionneedsadditionalcitationsforverification.Pleasehelpimprovethisarticlebyaddingcitationstoreliablesources.Unsourcedmaterialmaybechallengedandremoved.Findsources: "UnitedStatesCensusBureau" – news ·newspapers ·books ·scholar ·JSTOR(June2017)(Learnhowandwhentoremovethistemplatemessage) AsocialmediavideofromtheCensusBureauexplaininghowtousedata.census.gov,anonlineplatformthatenablesthepublictosearchandusedatafromtheirBureau'ssurveys. Asurveyisamethodofcollectingandanalyzingsocial,economic,andgeographicdata.ItprovidesinformationabouttheconditionsoftheUnitedStates,states,andcounties.Throughoutthedecadebetweencensuses,thebureauconductssurveystoproduceageneralviewandcomprehensivestudyoftheUnitedStates'socialandeconomicconditions. StafffromtheCurrentSurveysProgramconductover130ongoingandspecialsurveysaboutpeopleandtheircharacteristics.[36]Anetworkofprofessionalfieldrepresentativesgathersinformationfromasampleofhouseholds,respondingtoquestionsaboutemployment,consumerexpenditures,health,housing,andothertopics. Surveysconductedbetweendecades: AmericanCommunitySurvey AmericanHousingSurvey ConsumerExpenditureSurvey CensusofGovernments CurrentPopulationSurvey EconomicCensus NationalAmbulatoryMedicalCareSurvey(NAMCS)[37] NationalHealthInterviewSurvey(NHIS)–asurveyconductedbytheCensusBureauonbehalfoftheCDC. NationalHospitalDischargeSurvey(NHDS,1965–2010) NationalHospitalCareSurvey(NHCS)–anewsurveythatintegratesinpatientdataformerlycollectedbytheNHDSwiththeemergencydepartment(ED),outpatientdepartment(OPD),andambulatorysurgerycenter(ASC)data[38]collectedbythe NationalHospitalAmbulatoryMedicalCareSurvey(NHAMCS) NationalCrimeVictimizationSurvey NationalNursingHomeSurvey[39] SurveyofIncomeandProgramParticipation SurveyofConstruction[40] SurveyofMarketAbsorption[41] SurveyofProgramDynamics[42] NationalLongitudinalSurvey NationalSurveyofFishing,Hunting,&Wildlife-AssociatedRecreation[43] ResidentialFinanceSurvey[44] NationalEpidemiologicSurveyofAlcoholRelatedConditions(NESARC) AnnualRetailTradeSurvey[45] AnnualWholesaleTradeSurvey[46] AnnualandQuarterlyServicesSurveys Othersurveysconducted[edit] TheCensusBureaucollectsinformationinmanyothersurveysandprovidesthedatatothesurveysponsorforrelease.Thesesponsorsinclude: BureauofJusticeStatistics(BJS) BureauofLaborStatistics(BLS) BureauofTransportationStatistics(BTS) DepartmentofHousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD) NationalCenterforEducationStatistics(NCES) NationalCenterforHealthStatistics(NCHS) NationalScienceFoundation(NSF) SocialSecurityAdministration(SSA) Organizationalstructure[edit] Seealso:DirectoroftheUnitedStatesCensusBureau U.S.CensusBureauRegionalOfficeBoundaries Since1903,theofficialcensus-takingagencyoftheUnitedStatesgovernmenthasbeentheBureauoftheCensus.TheCensusBureauisheadedbyadirector,assistedbyadeputydirectorandanexecutivestaffcomposedoftheassociatedirectors. TheCensusBureauheadquartershasbeeninSuitland,Marylandsince1942.Anewheadquarterscomplexcompletedtherein2007supportsover4,000employees.[47]Thebureauoperatesregionalofficesin6cities:[48]NewYorkCity,Philadelphia,Chicago,Atlanta,Denver,andLosAngeles.TheNationalProcessingCenterisinJeffersonville,Indiana.Additionaltemporaryprocessingfacilitiesfacilitatethedecennialcensus,whichemploysmorethanamillionpeople.Thecostofthe2000Censuswas$4.5billion.Duringtheyearsjustpriortothedecennialcensus,parallelcensusoffices,knownas"RegionalCensusCenters"areopenedinthefieldofficecities.Thedecennialoperationsarecarriedoutfromthesefacilities.TheRegionalCensusCentersoverseetheopeningsandclosingsofsmaller"AreaCensusOffices"withintheircollectionjurisdictions.In2020,RegionalCensusCentersoversawtheoperationof248AreaCensusOffices,[49]Theestimatedcostofthe2010Censusis$14.7billion. OnJanuary1,2013,theCensusBureauconsolidateditstwelveregionalofficesintosix.Increasingcostsofdatacollection,changesinsurveymanagementtoolssuchaslaptopsandtheincreasinguseofmulti-modalsurveys(i.e.internet,telephone,andin-person)ledtheBureautoconsolidate.[50]ThesixregionalofficesthatclosedwereBoston,Charlotte,Dallas,Detroit,KansasCityandSeattle.TheremainingregionalofficesareNewYorkCity,Philadelphia,Chicago,Atlanta,Denver,andLosAngeles.[51] TheCensusBureaualsorunstheCensusInformationCentercooperativeprogramthatinvolves58"national,regional,andlocalnon-profitorganizations".TheCICprogramaimstorepresenttheinterestsofunderservedcommunities.[52] Computerequipment[edit] CensusBureauemployeestabulatedatausingoneoftheagency'sUNIVACcomputers,c. 1960. The1890censuswasthefirsttousetheelectrictabulatingmachinesinventedbyHermanHollerith.[53][54]For1890–1940details,seeTruesdell,LeonE.(1965).TheDevelopmentofPunchCardTabulationintheBureauoftheCensus,1890–1940:Withoutlinesofactualtabulationprograms.U.S.GPO.In1946,knowingofthebureau'sfundingofHollerithand,later,Powers,JohnMauchlyapproachedthebureauaboutearlyfundingforUNIVACdevelopment.[55]AUNIVACIcomputerwasacceptedbythebureauin1951.[56] Handheldcomputers(HHC)[edit] Historically,thecensusinformationwasgatheredbycensustakersgoingdoor-to-doorcollectinginformationinaledger.Beginningin1970informationwasgatheredviamailedforms.Toreducepaperusage,reducepayrollexpenseandacquirethemostcomprehensivelistofaddressesevercompiled,500,000handheldcomputers(HHCs)(specificallydesigned,single-purposedevices)wereusedforthefirsttimein2009duringtheaddresscanvassingportionofthe2010DecennialCensusProject.Projectedsavingswereestimatedtobeover$1billion.[57][58][59] Securityprecautions[edit] Mainarticle:Devicefingerprint TheHHCwasmanufacturedbyHarrisCorporation,anestablishedDepartmentofDefensecontractor,viaacontroversial[60][61]contractwiththeDepartmentofCommerce.Securedaccessviaafingerprintswipeguaranteedonlytheverifiedusercouldaccesstheunit.AGPScapacitywasintegraltothedailyaddressmanagementandthetransferofgatheredinformation.Ofmajorimportancewasthesecurityandintegrityofthepopulace'sprivateinformation. Successandfailure[edit] Enumerators(informationgatherers)thathadoperationalproblemswiththedeviceunderstandablymadenegativereports.Duringthe2009SenateconfirmationhearingsforRobertGroves,PresidentObama'sCensusDirectorappointee,therewasmuchmentionofproblemsbutverylittlecriticismoftheunits.[60]Inruralareas,thesparsityofcellphonetowerscausedproblemswithdatatransmissiontoandfromtheHHC.Sincetheunitswereupdatednightlywithimportantchangesandupdates,operatorimplementationofproperprocedurewasimperative. Notablealumni[edit] JohnShawBillings RattanChand W.EdwardsDeming DavisRichDewey HalbertL.Dunn MurrayFeshbach RobertGroves HenryGannett MorrisH.Hansen JosephAdnaHill HermanHollerith LeslieKish JohnWesleyLangley BernardMalamud ThomasCommerfordMartin WarrenMitofsky IvanPetrof CyrusGuernseyPringle RichardM.Scammon ThelmaStrabel HowardSutherland Seealso[edit] Geographyportal NorthAmericaportal UnitedStatesportal ListofU.S.statesandterritoriesbypopulation Listofmetropolitanstatisticalareas ListofUnitedStatescitiesbypopulation ListofUnitedStatescountiesandcountyequivalents UnitedStatesOfficeofManagementandBudget Primarystatisticalarea–Listofthe574 PSAs Combinedstatisticalarea–Listofthe169 CSAs Core-basedstatisticalarea–Listofthe929 CBSAs Metropolitanstatisticalarea–Listofthe388 MSAs Micropolitanstatisticalarea–Listofthe541 μSAs ListofUnitedStatesurbanareas PATCOB Title13oftheUnitedStatesCode Title15oftheCodeofFederalRegulations DirectoroftheUnitedStatesCensusBureau Data.gov USAFacts 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^UnitedStatesCensusBureau,GeographyDivision."CensusRegionsandDivisionsoftheUnitedStates"(PDF).Archivedfromtheoriginal(PDF)onJanuary7,2013.RetrievedFebruary3,2016. ^"TheNationalEnergyModelingSystem:AnOverview2003"(Report#:DOE/EIA-0581,October2009).UnitedStatesDepartmentofEnergy,EnergyInformationAdministration. ^"ThemostwidelyusedregionaldefinitionsfollowthoseoftheU.S.BureauoftheCensus."SeymourSudmanandNormanM.Bradburn,AskingQuestions:APracticalGuidetoQuestionnaireDesign(1982).Jossey-Bass:p.205. ^"PerhapsthemostwidelyusedregionalclassificationsystemisonedevelopedbytheU.S.CensusBureau."DaleM.Lewison,Retailing,PrenticeHall(1997):p.384.ISBN 978-0-13-461427-4 ^"(M)ostdemographicandfoodconsumptiondataarepresentedinthisfour-regionformat."PamelaGoyanKittler,KathrynP.Sucher,FoodandCulture,CengageLearning(2008):p.475.ISBN 978-0495115410 ^ab"CensusBureauRegionsandDivisionswithStateFIPSCodes"(PDF).USCensusBureau.RetrievedFebruary3,2016. ^"2020CensusNationalRedistrictingDataSummaryFile"(PDF).USCensusBureau.February2021.pp. 88–89.RetrievedAugust18,2021. ^StatisticalGroupingsofStatesandCounties(PDF) ^CensusEmployeeHandbook(PDF),April2009,archivedfromtheoriginal(PDF)onJanuary17,2012 ^ab"72-YearRule".www.census.gov.RetrievedNovember20,2015. ^Okamura,RaymondY.(Fall–Winter1981),"TheMythofCensusConfidentiality",AmerasiaJournal,UCLAAsianAmericanStudiesCenterPress,8(2):111–120,doi:10.17953/amer.8.2.jk115283m54v4313,ISSN 0044-7471,archivedfromtheoriginalonJuly1,2012 ^DavidKopel(May4,1990),CensusConfidentiality?TheCheck'sintheMail,CatoInstitute ^JRMinkel(March30,2007),"Confirmed:TheU.S.CensusBureauGaveUpNamesofJapanese-AmericansinWWII",ScientificAmerican ^HayaElNasser(March30,2007),"PapersshowCensusroleinWWIIcamps",USAToday ^Nobles,Melissa(2000).ShadesofCitizenship:RaceandtheCensusinModernPolitics.Stanford,CA:StanfordUniversityPress.p. ix.ISBN 9780804740135. ^Breiman,Leo(1994)."The1991CensusAdjustment:UndercountorBadData?".Statist.Sci.9(4):458–475.doi:10.1214/ss/1177010259. ^Anderson,Margo;Fienberg,Stephen(1999).WhoCounts?:ThePoliticsofCensus-TakinginContemporaryAmerica.RussellSageFoundation.p. 17.ISBN 978-1-61044-005-9.JSTOR 10.7758/9781610440059. ^abPetersen,William(1987)."PoliticsandtheMeasurementofEthnicity".InAlonso,William;Starr,Paul(eds.).ThePoliticsofNumbers.RussellSageFoundation.pp. 187–234.ISBN 978-1-61044-002-8. ^Ahmad,Farah;Hagler,Jamal(February6,2015)."Governmentcollectionofraceandethnicitydata".CenterforAmericanProgress.RetrievedNovember18,2017. ^"MemorialsandTributes:RobertW.Marx".AmericanAssociationofGeographersNewsletter.Vol. 45,no. 3.p. 14. ^Ostenso,John(1991)."TheStatisticsCorner:MoreNewProductsfromtheCensusBureau".BusinessEconomics.26(4):62–64.JSTOR 23485837. ^"AmericanFactFinderIsRetiringMarch31"(Pressrelease).U.S.CensusBureau.March17,2020.RetrievedDecember23,2020. ^"AccessingCensusDatain2019:TheTransitiontodata.census.gov".USCensusBureau.RetrievedJuly11,2019. ^"ListofAllSurveys".Census.gov.RetrievedApril4,2015. ^"NAMCS/NHAMCS–AmbulatoryHealthCareDataHomepage".www.cdc.gov.August20,2018. ^"NHDS–NationalHospitalDischargeSurveyHomepage".www.cdc.gov.January10,2018. ^"NNHS–NationalNursingHomeSurveyHomepage".www.cdc.gov.September12,2018. ^Directorate,USCensusBureauEconomic."USCensusBureauBusinessandIndustryMainPage".www.census.gov. ^"SurveyofMarketAbsorptionofApartments–Overview".www.census.gov. ^Bureau,USCensus."SurveyofProgramDynamics".www.census.gov. ^www.census.gov/programs-surveys/fhwar.html(2016,2011,2006,2001,1996,1991) ^Bureau,USCensus."ResidentialFinanceSurvey(RFS)".www.census.gov. ^here,USCensusBureauCreatingofficename."USCensusBureauSiteNamemainpage".www.census.gov. ^Bureau,USCensus."AnnualWholesaleTradeSurvey(AWTS)".www.census.gov. ^"NewHeadquarters".October22,2019.RetrievedNovember3,2019. ^"RegionalOffices". ^UnitedStatesCensusBureau(December31,2018)."2020CensusOperationalPlanv4.0"(PDF).Census.gov.RetrievedJanuary20,2021.{{citeweb}}:CS1maint:url-status(link) ^"ARestructuringofCensusBureauRegionalOffices".U.S.BureauoftheCensus.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonJune11,2012.RetrievedJune21,2012. ^"CensusBureauRegionalOfficeBoundaries"(PDF).U.S.BureauoftheCensus.RetrievedJune21,2012. ^"CensusInformationCenters".U.S.BureauoftheCensus.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonMay16,2008.RetrievedMay13,2008. ^"HermanHollerith".ArchivedfromtheoriginalonJuly13,2009. ^History1890ArchivedMay3,2009,attheWaybackMachineUSCensusBureau. ^Stern,Nancy(1981).FromENIACtoUNIVAC:AnappraisaloftheEckert-MauchlyComputers.DigitalPress.ISBN 978-0-932376-14-5. ^Bashe,CharlesJ.;et al.(1986).IBM'sEarlyComputers.MIT.ISBN 978-0-262-02225-5. ^Govcomm.harris.comArchivedApril29,2009,attheWaybackMachine ^Weinberg,Daniel."Managementchallengesofthe2010U.S.Census"(PDF).U.S.CensusBureau.RetrievedDecember29,2015. ^HouseCommitteeonOversightandReform,SubcommitteeonInformationPolicy,CensusandNationalArchives,"ChairmanClayPleasedWithCensusAddressCanvassingProgress".June8,2009.DeadlinkfixedviaInternetArchive.RetrievedAugust9,2013. ^abWade-HahnChanMar28,2008(March28,2008)."Havefedscheapenedcontractbonuses?".FCW.RetrievedAugust9,2013. ^"Censusgettingbackoncourse,lawmakerstold–Oversight".GovExec.com.RetrievedAugust9,2013. Externallinks[edit] UnitedStatesCensusBureauatWikipedia'ssisterprojectsDefinitionsfromWiktionaryMediafromCommonsNewsfromWikinewsQuotationsfromWikiquoteTextsfromWikisourceTextbooksfromWikibooksResourcesfromWikiversity UnitedStatesCensusBureau CensusBureauintheFederalRegister USCBpopulationestimates USCBHistory U.S.andWorldPopulationClocks–POPClocks GeographicAreasReferenceManual WorksbyUnitedStatesCensusBureauatProjectGutenberg WorksbyoraboutUnitedStatesCensusBureauatInternetArchive WorksbyUnitedStatesCensusBureauatLibriVox(publicdomainaudiobooks) 72-yearrule PDFofAvailabilityofCensusRecordsAboutIndividuals PDFofLetterfromCensusBureauDirector,RoyV.PeeltoArchivistoftheUnitedStates,WayneC.Grover,concerningthe72-yearlapsebetweencollectionandreleaseofdecennialcensusrecords PDFofLetterfromArchivistoftheUnitedStates,WayneC.GrovertoCensusBureauDirectorRoyV.Peel,inreplytoPeel'sAugust1952letter vteUnitedStatescensusesbydecade 1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 UnitedStatesCensusBureau UnitedStatesCensusofAgriculture vteUnitedStatesDepartmentofCommerce Headquarters:HerbertC.HooverBuilding GinaRaimondo,SecretaryofCommerce DonGraves,DeputySecretaryofCommerce DeputySecretaryofCommerce EconomicDevelopmentAdministration NationalTechnicalInformationService MinorityBusinessDevelopmentAgency NationalTelecommunicationsandInformationAdministration UnderSecretaryofCommerceforEconomicAffairs BureauoftheCensus FederalAuditClearinghouse BureauofEconomicAnalysis UnderSecretaryofCommerceforIndustryandSecurity BureauofIndustryandSecurity OfficeofExportEnforcement UnderSecretaryofCommerceforIntellectualProperty UnitedStatesPatentandTrademarkOffice UnderSecretaryofCommerceforInternationalTrade InternationalTradeAdministration CommercialService UnderSecretaryofCommerceforOceansandAtmosphere NationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration NOAACommissionedOfficerCorps NationalMarineFisheriesService NationalOceanService NationalWeatherService NationalCentersforEnvironmentalPrediction ClimatePredictionCenter EnvironmentalModelingCenter NationalHurricaneCenter OceanPredictionCenter SpaceWeatherPredictionCenter StormPredictionCenter WeatherPredictionCenter OfficeofOceanicandAtmosphericResearch UnderSecretaryofCommerceforStandardsandTechnology NationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology vteFederalStatisticalSystemoftheUnitedStatesPrincipalagencies CensusBureau BureauofLaborStatistics NationalCenterforEducationStatistics NationalAgriculturalStatisticsService NationalCenterforHealthStatistics EnergyInformationAdministration BureauofEconomicAnalysis EconomicResearchService BureauofJusticeStatistics NationalCenterforScienceandEngineeringStatistics(NationalScienceFoundation) StatisticsofIncomeDivision(InternalRevenueService) BureauofTransportationStatistics OfficeofResearch,Evaluation,andStatistics(SocialSecurityAdministration) Otheragencies EconomicsandStatisticsAdministration OfficeofImmigrationStatistics HUDUSER AsdefinedbytheU.S.OfficeofManagementandBudget,theprincipalagenciesoftheFederalStatisticalSystemhavestatisticalactivitiesastheircoremissionandconductmuchofthegovernment’sstatisticalwork. vteRegionsoftheUnitedStatesAdministrativeUnits U.S.state DistrictofColumbia Territory Insulararea MinorOutlyingIsland Maritimeterritory Timezones Chamorro Samoa Hawaii–Aleutian Alaska Pacific Mountain Central Eastern Atlantic Census West Pacific Mountain Midwest ENCentral WNCentral Northeast NewEngland MiddleAtlantic South SAtlantic ESCentral WSCentral Courtsofappeals 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th PhysicalPhysiographic PacificMountain IntermontanePlateaus RockyMountain LaurentianUpland InteriorPlains InteriorHighlands Appalachian AtlanticPlain Coastal Arctic West GreatLakes Gulf East HistoricalAcquisitions ThirteenColonies NorthwestTerritory SouthwestTerritory LouisianaPurchase GadsdenPurchase Treatyof1818 Adams–OnísTreaty Texasannexation 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