自閉症幼兒社會溝通能力發展之研究__臺灣博碩士論文知識加值 ...

研究背景及目的：自閉症類疾患為終生、長期的發展性疾患，患者的語言及溝通能力之發展，對於未來的社會適應及預後扮演重要的角色。

過去研究指出早期的非語言社會溝通 ... 資料載入處理中... 跳到主要內容 臺灣博碩士論文加值系統 ::: 網站導覽| 首頁| 關於本站| 聯絡我們| 國圖首頁| 常見問題| 操作說明 English |FB專頁 |Mobile 免費會員 登入| 註冊 功能切換導覽列 (178.128.221.219)您好！臺灣時間：2022/08/3110:04 字體大小：       ::: 詳目顯示 recordfocus 第1筆/ 共1筆  /1頁 論文基本資料 摘要 外文摘要 目次 參考文獻 電子全文 紙本論文 QRCode 本論文永久網址: 複製永久網址Twitter研究生:吳進欽研究生(外文):Chin-chinWu論文名稱:自閉症幼兒社會溝通能力發展之研究論文名稱(外文):TheDevelopmentalSequenceofSocial-CommunicativeAbilitiesinYoungChildrenwithAutism指導教授:翁嘉英、姜忠信指導教授(外文):Chung-HsinChiang 學位類別:博士校院名稱:國立中正大學系所名稱:心理學所學門:社會及行為科學學門學類:心理學類論文種類:學術論文論文出版年:2010畢業學年度:98語文別:中文論文頁數:155中文關鍵詞:模仿、相互注意協調能力、自閉症、遊戲外文關鍵詞:Autism、JointAttention、Imitation、Play相關次數: 被引用:17點閱:2065評分:下載:723書目收藏:8 研究背景及目的：自閉症類疾患為終生、長期的發展性疾患，患者的語言及溝通能力之發展，對於未來的社會適應及預後扮演重要的角色。

過去研究指出早期的非語言社會溝通能力，包括：相互注意協調能力、模仿和遊戲能力，在自閉症類患者語言及溝通動能力的發展，扮演重要的角色。

然而，目前沒有研究針對三歲以下自閉症類患者，探究社會溝通能力的出現順序及關係。

因此，本研究探討三歲以下自閉症類患者社會溝通能力的出現順序及關係，透過縱貫研究進行了解。

時間點一的評估，是在自閉症類患者平均生理年齡30個月大時，時間點二則是在時間點一之後18個月進行。

本研究的第一個目的是探究自閉症患者社會溝通能力的出現順序，比較自閉症患者與不同類型兒童的差異。

第二個目的是探究自閉症類患者，相互注意協調能力、模仿能力及遊戲能力等非語言社會溝通能力，與語言能力的關係。

方法：本研究主要參考學步期自閉症篩檢工具（ScreeningToolforAutisminToddlers,STAT,Stone,Coonrod,&Ousley,2000；Stone,Coonrod,Turner,&Pozdal,2004），合併使用ADOS（Lord,Rutter,DiLavore,&Risi,1999），作為測量主動性相互注意協調能力、反應性相互注意協調能力、物體模仿、動作模仿及他人/娃娃導向遊戲能力的工具。

語言能力的測量，是觀察受試者在實驗過程中所出現的口語反應、照顧者所填寫的嬰幼兒溝通量表及文蘭適應量表的溝通適應領域作為指標。

結果：社會溝通能力出現順序，縱貫研究評估9-15個月大的一般發展嬰兒，結果發現一般發展嬰兒社會溝通能力出現順序為：主動性相互注意協調能力、反應性相互注意協調能力、物體模仿、動作模仿、他人/娃娃導向遊戲及語言。

針對自閉症患者進行的縱貫研究，結果發現自閉症患者的社會溝通能力出現順序，和一般發展嬰兒不同，自閉症患者先出現物體模仿，語言能力在主動性相互注意協調能力前出現，自閉症患者比較早出現的三個能力為物體模仿、反應性相互注意協調能力及他人/娃娃導向遊戲。

發展遲緩患者的社會溝通能力，出現順序和一般發展嬰兒雖然不盡相同，但先出現的還是主動性相互注意協調能力與反應性相互注意協調能力。

社會溝通能力的關係，結果發現30個月大的自閉症類幼兒，反應性相互注意協調能力、物體模仿及他人/娃娃導向遊戲和30個月大時的語言能力存有同時相關；30個月大時的他人/娃娃導向遊戲和48個月大時的語言能力存有顯著相關。

48個月大時的動作模仿能力和48個月大時的語言能力存有顯著相關。

結論：自閉症患者社會溝通能力先出物體模仿，前三個能力為物體模仿、反應性相互注意協調能力及他人/娃娃導向遊戲，顯示語言學習與發展歷程，自閉症患者因為無法有效參照他人意圖線索，過度依賴互動者語言表達時，同時存在的突顯效果，如：手指碰觸或操作物體。

這是因為自閉症患者規則基礎知識能力相對較為完整，互動者所突顯出的效果，有助於患者透過自身的優勢能力來學習。

然而，這種學習策略，只能掌握規則無法正確明瞭他人意圖，導致自閉症類患者語言不適當的使用與錯誤。

此外，模仿能力、反應性相互注意協調能力及他人/娃娃導向遊戲等能力與語言能力有關，在語言發展歷程扮演重大角色，對自閉症類患者早期療育的介入方向與訓練目標，提供一個思考的方向。

Backgroundandobjectives:Thelong-termoutcomeandadaptationinautismspectrumdisorders(ASD)wasanimportantissuebutnotreallyknowclear.However,previousstudiessuggestedlanguageplaysanimportantrole.Andtherewereafewearlysocial-communicativeskillsassociatedwithlanguageinchildrenwithASD.However,fewresearchesexploredtheemergencesequenceandrelationshipsofsocial-communicativeabilitiesinchildrenwithASDbelowthreeyearsold.Thepurposesofthelongtidutinalstudyweretoexploreearysocial-communicativeabilitiesdevelopmentinyoungchildrenwithASD.Thefirstissue,weexplorethesequenceofemergenceofthesocial-communicativeabilitiesbycomparingtotheautismchildrenandthenon-ASDchildren.Thesecondissue,weanalyzetherelationshipsofsocial-communicativeabilitiesinyoungchildrenwithASD,includingjointattention,imitation,play,andlanguageskills.Inthecurrentstudy,weconductedthefirstevaluationtotheASDchildrenandthedevelopmentaldelaychildren,whoseaverageagewere30monthsold.Aftereighteenmonths,weconductedthefollow-upresearchtothesamechildren.Methods:AmodifiedformoftheSTAT(Stoneetal.,2000,2004)wasusedtomeasuretheseveralearlysocial-communicativeabilities,includinginitiatingjointattention(IJA),respondingjointattention(RJA),objectimitation,manualimitation,anddoll-directedplay,andalsoincludedtheADOS(Lordetal.,1999).ThelanguageabilitieswereassessedbyMullenScalesofEarlyLearning(MSEL,Mullen,1995),InfantCommunicativeDevelopmentInventories(CDI,Liu&Tsao,2005),andVinelandAdaptiveBehaviorScales(Sparrowetal.,2005).Result:Inthefirstpartofresearch,wecollectedtheemergencesequenceofsocial-communicativeabilitiesfromthenine-tofifteen-month-oldtypicalinfantstobenormandcontrastedthesameabilitiesofyoungchildrenwithautism.Theresultsrevealedthatthetypicalinfantsintheemergenceorderofsocial-communicativeabilitieswereIJA,RJA,objectimitation,manualimitation,theother/dolldirectedplayandlanguage.However,theemergencesequenceofsocial-communicativeabilitiesinyoungchildrenwithautismwereinoppositiontothetypicalinfants.Theyoungautisticchildrenemergedobjectimitationfirst,andlanguageweredevelopedbeforetheIJA.Meanwhile,thefirstthreedevelopedsocial-communicativeabilitiesinyoungchildrenwithautismwereobjectimitation,RJA,andother/dollplay.However,unliketheautisticchildren,thedevelopmentaldelaychildrenalsodisplayedtheIJAandRJAfirst.Inthestudyofthesocial-communicativeabilitiescorrelation,theresultsshowedthatRJA,objectimitationandtheother/dolldirectedplaywerecurrentrelatedwithlanguageabilitiessimultaneouslyin30-month-oldyoungchildrenwithASD.Theother/dolldirectedplayin30-month-oldchildrenalsocorrelatedwiththelanguagein48-month-oldchildren.Then,thereweresignificantrelationshipsbetweenmanualimitationandlanguageabilitiesin48-month-oldASDchildren.Conclusion:Thefirstthreeemergedsocial-communicativeabilitiesinyoungchildrenwithautismwereobjectimitation,RJA,andother/dollplay.Itindictedthattheprocessoflanguagedevelopmentinyoungchildrenwithautismreliedonsalienceeffectscompaniedbydirectedlanguageofthecaregivers,forexample,touchingandmanipulatingobject.Thereisareasonthatchildrenwithautismhadrelativelyintactrule-basedknowledgeskill.However,theatypicallearningstrategycouldnotmakethemunderstandtheintentionofothers,andcausedtheerrorsandinappropriateusageoflanguage.Besides,allofRJA,imitation,andother/dollplayabilitieswererelatedwithlanguageabilitiesinyouugchildrenwithASD.Wealsodiscussedtheimplicationofearlydiagnosis,thecoredeficitandinterventiongoalsinchildrenwithASD. 第一章緒論1第一節研究動機1第二節意圖能力與其發展6第三節自閉症的歷史與分類10第二章社會溝通能力的發展12第一節相互注意協調能力12第二節模仿能力30第三節遊戲能力45第四節社會溝通能力的發展62第五節研究目的與假設73第三章研究方法77第一節研究對象77第二節研究材料83第四章研究結果97第一節社會溝通能力出現順序97第二節自閉症類患者社會溝通能力的關係103第五章討論與結論110第一節社會溝通能力出現順序110第二節自閉症類患者社會溝通能力的關係123第六章結論與建議129第七章參考文獻131 一、中文部分吳進欽、姜忠信、侯育銘、劉俊宏（2009）：〈自閉症類兒童發展能力表現型態之研究〉。

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吳進欽、姜忠信、虞燕婷（2010）：〈自閉症類幼兒社會注意力的探究〉。

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姜忠信（1999）：〈自閉症兒童意圖能力之研究（未發表之博士論文）〉。

台北：國立台灣大學心理研究所。

姜忠信（2008）：〈台灣的自閉症研究；過去、現在與未來〉。

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姜忠信、吳進欽、李季樺（2006）：〈自閉症兒童的象徵遊戲能力：縱貫研究〉。

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