Access media files from shared storage | Android Developers

On devices that run Android 10 (API level 29) and higher, these files are ... You can read the contents of this synthetic volume, but you cannot modify the ... 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Note:Ifyourappworkswithmediafilesthatprovidevaluetotheuseronly withinyourapp,it'sbesttostoretheminapp-specificdirectorieswithin externalstorage. Tointeractwiththemediastoreabstraction,usea ContentResolverobjectthatyou retrievefromyourapp'scontext: Kotlin valprojection=arrayOf(media-database-columns-to-retrieve) valselection=sql-where-clause-with-placeholder-variables valselectionArgs=values-of-placeholder-variables valsortOrder=sql-order-by-clause applicationContext.contentResolver.query( MediaStore.media-type.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, projection, selection, selectionArgs, sortOrder )?.use{cursor-> while(cursor.moveToNext()){ //UseanIDcolumnfromtheprojectiontoget //aURIrepresentingthemediaitemitself. } } Java String[]projection=newString[]{ media-database-columns-to-retrieve }; Stringselection=sql-where-clause-with-placeholder-variables; String[]selectionArgs=newString[]{ values-of-placeholder-variables }; StringsortOrder=sql-order-by-clause; Cursorcursor=getApplicationContext().getContentResolver().query( MediaStore.media-type.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, projection, selection, selectionArgs, sortOrder ); while(cursor.moveToNext()){ //UseanIDcolumnfromtheprojectiontoget //aURIrepresentingthemediaitemitself. } Thesystemautomaticallyscansanexternalstoragevolumeandaddsmediafiles tothefollowingwell-definedcollections: Images,includingphotographsandscreenshots,whicharestoredinthe DCIM/andPictures/directories.Thesystemaddsthesefilestothe MediaStore.Imagestable. Videos,whicharestoredintheDCIM/,Movies/,andPictures/ directories.Thesystemaddsthesefilestothe MediaStore.Videotable. Audiofiles,whicharestoredintheAlarms/,Audiobooks/,Music/, Notifications/,Podcasts/,andRingtones/directories.Additionally,the systemrecognizesaudioplayliststhatareintheMusic/orMovies/ directories,aswellasvoicerecordingsthatareintheRecordings/ directory.Thesystemaddsthesefilestothe MediaStore.Audiotable. Therecordingsdirectoryisn'tavailableonAndroid11(APIlevel30)and lower. Downloadedfiles,whicharestoredintheDownload/directory.On devicesthatrunAndroid 10(APIlevel29)andhigher,thesefilesarestoredinthe MediaStore.Downloads table.Thistableisn'tavailableonAndroid9(APIlevel28)andlower. Themediastorealsoincludesacollectioncalled MediaStore.Files.Itscontents dependonwhetheryourappusesscoped storage,availableonappsthattarget Android 10orhigher: Ifscopedstorageisenabled,thecollectionshowsonlythephotos,videos, andaudiofilesthatyourapphascreated.Mostdeveloperswon'tneedtouse MediaStore.Filestoviewmediafilesfromotherapps,butifyouhavea specificrequirementtodoso,youcandeclaretheREAD_EXTERNAL_STORAGE permission.It'srecommended,however,thatyouusetheMediaStore APIstoopenfilesthatyourapphasn'tcreated. Ifscopedstorageisunavailableornotbeingused,thecollectionshowsall typesofmediafiles. Requestnecessarypermissions Beforeperformingoperationsonmediafiles,makesureyourapphasdeclaredthe permissionsthatitneedstoaccessthesefiles.Keepinmind,however,that yourappshouldn'tdeclarepermissionsthatitdoesn'tneedoruse. Storagepermission Thepermissionsmodelforaccessingmediafilesinyourappdependsonwhether yourappusesscopedstorage,availableonappsthattarget Android 10orhigher. Scopedstorageenabled Ifyourappusesscopedstorage,itshouldrequeststorage-related permissionsonlyfordevicesthatrunAndroid9(APIlevel28)orlower.Youcan applythisconditionbyaddingtheandroid:maxSdkVersionattributetothe permissiondeclarationinyourapp'smanifestfile: Don'tunnecessarilyrequeststorage-relatedpermissionsfordevicesthatrun Android 10orhigher.Yourappcancontributetowell-defined mediacollections,includingthe MediaStore.Downloads collection,withoutrequestinganystorage-relatedpermissions.Ifyou're developingacameraapp,forexample,youdon'tneedtorequeststorage-related permissionsbecauseyourappownstheimagesthatyou're writingtothemediastore. Toaccessfilesthatotherappshavecreated,thefollowingconditionsmusteach betrue: Yourapphasbeengrantedthe READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE permission. Thefilesresideinoneofthefollowingwell-definedmediacollections: MediaStore.Images MediaStore.Video MediaStore.Audio Note:AslongasafileisviewablefromtheMediaStore.Images, MediaStore.Video,orMediaStore.Audioqueries,it'salsoviewableusingthe MediaStore.Filesquery. IfyourappwantstoaccessafilewithintheMediaStore.Downloadscollection thatyourappdidn'tcreate,youmustusetheStorageAccessFramework.Tolearn moreabouthowtousethisframework,seetheguideonhowtoaccessdocuments andotherfiles. Scopedstorageunavailable IfyourappisusedonadevicethatrunsAndroid9orlower,orifyourapphas temporarilyoptedoutofscoped storage,youmust requestthe READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE permissiontoaccessmediafiles.Ifyouwanttomodifymediafiles,youmust requestthe WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE permission,aswell. Note:Ifyourapp'susecaseisn'tcoveredbyscopedstorage,filea featurerequestand temporarilyoptoutofscoped storage. Medialocationpermission IfyourapptargetsAndroid10(APIlevel29)orhigher,inorderforyourapp toretrieveunredactedExifmetadatafromphotos,youneedtodeclarethe ACCESS_MEDIA_LOCATION permissioninyourapp'smanifest,thenrequestthispermissionatruntime. Caution:BecauseyourequesttheACCESS_MEDIA_LOCATIONpermissionatruntime, thereisnoguaranteethatyourapphasaccesstounredactedExifmetadatafrom photos.Yourapprequiresexplicituserconsentinordertogainaccesstothis information. Checkforupdatestothemediastore Toaccessmediafilesmorereliably,particularlyifyourappcachesURIsor datafromthemediastore,checkwhetherthemediastoreversionhaschanged comparedtowhenyoulastsyncedyourmediadata.Toperformthischeckfor updates,call getVersion(). Thereturnedversionisauniquestringthatchangeswheneverthemediastore changessubstantially.Ifthereturnedversionisdifferentfromthelastsynced version,rescanandresyncyourapp'smediacache. Completethischeckatappprocessstartuptime.There'snoneedtocheckthe versioneachtimeyouquerythemediastore. Don'tassumeanyimplementationdetailsregardingtheversionnumber. Note:Themediastoreversionnumberdoesn'tchangeasaresultofapp-side changes,suchaswhenanappaddsamediafile.There'saseparate methodtohelpyoudetectupdatestomediafiles. Queryamediacollection Tofindmediathatsatisfiesaparticularsetofconditions,suchasaduration of5minutesorlonger,useanSQL-likeselectionstatementsimilartotheone showninthefollowingcodesnippet: Kotlin //NeedtheREAD_EXTERNAL_STORAGEpermissionifaccessingvideofilesthatyour //appdidn'tcreate. //Containerforinformationabouteachvideo. dataclassVideo(valuri:Uri, valname:String, valduration:Int, valsize:Int ) valvideoList=mutableListOf