Law of attraction (New Thought) - Wikipedia
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In the New Thought spiritual movement, the Law of Attraction is a pseudoscience based on the belief that positive or negative thoughts bring positive or ... Lawofattraction(NewThought) FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch Pseudoscientificbelief Forotheruses,seeLawofattraction. NewThought Divinity OmnipresentGod UltimateSpirit Higherconsciousness Beliefs Lawofattraction Lifeforce("energy") Activities Affirmations Affirmativeprayer Creativevisualization Personalmagnetism Positivethinking Glossaryvte PartofaseriesontheParanormal Mainarticles Astralprojection Astrology Aura Bilocation Breatharianism Clairvoyance Closeencounter Coldspot Crystalgazing Conjuration Cryptozoology Demonicpossession Demonology Ectoplasm Electronicvoicephenomenon Exorcism Extrasensoryperception Forteana Fortune-telling Ghosthunting Indigochildren Magic Mediumship Miracle Occult Orb Ouija Paranormalfiction Paranormaltelevision Precognition Preternatural Psychic Psychicreading Psychokinesis Psychometry Reincarnation Remoteviewing Retrocognition Spiritphotography Spiritpossession Spiritworld Spiritualism StoneTape Supernatural Telepathy Table-turning Ufology Reportedlyhauntedlocations: India UnitedKingdom UnitedStates World Skepticism Coldreading CommitteeforSkepticalInquiry Debunking Hoax JamesRandiEducationalFoundation Magicalthinking Prizesforevidenceoftheparanormal Pseudoskepticism Scientificliteracy Scientificskepticism Related Anomalistics Argumentfromignorance Argumentumadpopulum Bandwagoneffect Beggingthequestion Cognitivedissonance Communalreinforcement Fallacy Falsifiability Fringescience Groupthink Hypnosis Junkscience Protoscience Pseudoscience Scientificevidence Scientificmethod Superstition Uncertainty Urbanlegend Parapsychology Anomalousexperiences Apparitionalexperiences Brainwashing Deathandculture Falseawakening Hypnosis Ideomotorphenomenon Out-of-bodyexperiences Parapsychology Synchronicity vte IntheNewThoughtspiritualmovement,theLawofAttractionisapseudosciencebasedonthebeliefthatpositiveornegativethoughtsbringpositiveornegativeexperiencesintoaperson'slife.[1][2]Thebeliefisbasedontheideasthatpeopleandtheirthoughtsaremadefrom"pureenergy"andthataprocessoflikeenergyattractinglikeenergyexiststhroughwhichapersoncanimprovetheirhealth,wealth,andpersonalrelationships.Thereisnoempiricalscientificevidencesupportingthelawofattraction,anditiswidelyconsideredtobepseudoscience. Advocatesgenerallycombinecognitivereframingtechniqueswithaffirmationsandcreativevisualizationtoreplacelimitingorself-destructive("negative")thoughtswithmoreempowered,adaptive("positive")thoughts.Akeycomponentofthephilosophyistheideathatinordertoeffectivelychangeone'snegativethinkingpatterns,onemustalso"feel"(throughcreativevisualization)thatthedesiredchangeshavealreadyoccurred.Thiscombinationofpositivethoughtandpositiveemotionisbelievedtoallowonetoattractpositiveexperiencesandopportunitiesbyachievingresonancewiththeproposedenergeticlaw. SupportersoftheLawofAttractionrefertoscientifictheoriesandusethemasargumentsinfavorofit.[3][4]However,ithasnodemonstrablescientificbasis.[5]Anumberofresearchershavecriticizedthemisuseofscientificconceptsbyitsproponents.[6][7][8][9] Contents 1History 2Descriptions 3Philosophicalandreligiousbasis 4Criticism 5Prominentsupporters 6Seealso 7References 8Externallinks History[edit] TheNewThoughtmovementgrewoutoftheteachingsofPhineasQuimbyintheearly19thcentury.Earlyinhislife,Quimbywasdiagnosedwithtuberculosis.Early19thcenturymedicinehadnoreliablecurefortuberculosis.Quimbytooktohorseridingandnotedthatintenseexcitementtemporarilyrelievedhimfromhisaffliction.ThismethodforrelievinghispainandseeminglysubsequentrecoverypromptedPhineastopursueastudyof"MindoverBody".[10]Althoughheneverusedthewords"LawofAttraction",heexplainedthisinastatementthatcapturedtheconceptinthefieldofhealth:thetroubleisinthemind,forthebodyisonlythehouseforthemindtodwellin,andweputavalueonitaccordingtoitsworth.Thereforeifyourmindhasbeendeceivedbysomeinvisibleenemyintoabelief,youhaveputitintotheformofadisease,withorwithoutyourknowledge.Bymytheoryortruth,Icomeincontactwithyourenemyandrestoreyoutoyourhealthandhappiness.ThisIdopartlymentallyandpartlybytalkingtillIcorrectthewrongimpressionsandestablishtheTruth,andtheTruthisthecure.[11] In1855,theterm"LawofAttraction"appearedinTheGreatHarmonia,writtenbytheAmericanspiritualistAndrewJacksonDavis,inacontextalludingtothehumansoulandspheresoftheafterlife.[12] ThefirstarticulatoroftheLawasgeneralprinciplewasPrenticeMulford.Mulford,apivotalfigureinthedevelopmentofNewThoughtthinking,discussestheLawofAttractionatlengthinhisessay"TheLawofSuccess",[13]published1886–1887.Inthis,MulfordwasfollowedbyotherNewThoughtauthors,suchasHenryWood(startingwithhisGod’sImageinMan,[14]1892),andRalphWaldoTrine(startingwithhisfirstbook,WhatAlltheWorld'sA-Seeking,[15]1896).Fortheseauthors,theLawofAttractionisconcernednotonlyabouthealthbuteveryaspectoflife.[16][17] The20thcenturysawasurgeininterestinthesubjectwithmanybooksbeingwrittenaboutit,amongstwhicharetwoofthebest-sellingbooksofalltime;ThinkandGrowRich(1937)byNapoleonHill,ThePowerofPositiveThinking(1952)byNormanVincentPeale,andYouCanHealYourLife(1984)byLouiseHay.TheAbraham-HicksmaterialisbasedprimarilyaroundtheLawofAttraction. In2006,theconceptoftheLawofAttractiongainedrenewedexposurewiththereleaseofthefilmTheSecret(2006)whichwasthendevelopedintoabookofthesametitlein2007.Themovieandbookgainedwidespreadmediacoverage.[1][18][19]Thiswasfollowedbyasequel,ThePowerin2010thattalksaboutthelawofattractionbeingthelawoflove.[20]TherevivedandmodernizedversionoftheLawofAttractionisknownasmanifestation. Descriptions[edit] ProponentsbelievethattheLawofAttractionisalwaysinoperationandthatitbringstoeachpersontheconditionsandexperiencesthattheypredominantlythinkabout,orwhichtheydesireorexpect. CharlesHaanelwroteinTheMasterKeySystem(1912): Thelawofattractionwillcertainlyandunerringlybringtoyoutheconditions,environment,andexperiencesinlife,correspondingwithyourhabitual,characteristic,predominantmentalattitude.[21] RalphTrinewroteinInTuneWithTheInfinite(1897): Thelawofattractionworksuniversallyoneveryplaneofaction,andweattractwhateverwedesireorexpect.Ifwedesireonethingandexpectanother,webecomelikehousesdividedagainstthemselves,whicharequicklybroughttodesolation.Determineresolutelytoexpectonlywhatyoudesire,thenyouwillattractonlywhatyouwishfor.[22] Inher2006filmTheSecret,RhondaByrneemphasizedthinkingaboutwhateachpersonwantstoobtain,butalsotoinfusethethoughtwiththemaximumpossibleamountofemotion.Sheclaimsthecombinationofthoughtandfeelingiswhatattractsthedesire.[23]AnothersimilarbookisJamesRedfield'sTheCelestineProphecy,whichsaysrealitycanbemanifestedbyman.[24]ThePowerofYourSubconsciousMindbyJosephMurphy,saysreaderscanachieveseeminglyimpossiblegoalsbylearninghowtobringtheminditselfundercontrol.ThePowerbyRhondaByrneandTheAlchemistbyPauloCoelhoaresimilar.Whilepersonaltestimoniesclaimthesecretandthelawtohaveworkedforthem,anumberofskepticshavecriticizedByrne'sfilmandbook.TheNewYorkTimesBookReviewcalledthesecretpseudoscienceandan"illusionofknowledge".[25] Philosophicalandreligiousbasis[edit] TheNewThoughtconceptoftheLawofAttractionisrootedinideasthatcomefromvariousphilosophicalandreligioustraditions.Inparticular,ithasbeeninspiredbyHermeticism,NewEnglandtranscendentalism,specificversesfromtheBible,andHinduism.[26][27][28][29][self-publishedsource?][30][31] HermeticisminfluencedthedevelopmentofEuropeanthoughtintheRenaissance.Itsideasweretransmittedpartlythroughalchemy.Inthe18thcentury,FranzMesmerstudiedtheworksofalchemistssuchasParacelsus[32]andvanHelmont.[33]VanHelmontwasa17th-centuryFlemishphysicianwhoproclaimedthecurativepowersoftheimagination.[33][34][35]ThisledMesmertodevelophisideasaboutAnimalmagnetismwhichPhineasQuimby,thefounderofNewThought,studied.[33][36][self-publishedsource?] TheTranscendentalistmovementdevelopedintheUnitedStatesimmediatelybeforetheemergenceofNewThoughtandisthoughttohavehadagreatinfluenceonit.GeorgeRipley,animportantfigureinthatmovement,statedthatitsleadingideawas"thesupremacyofmindovermatter".[33][37] NewThoughtauthorsoftenquotecertainversesfromtheBibleinthecontextoftheLawofAttraction.AnexampleisMark11:24:"ThereforeItellyou,whateveryouaskinprayer,believethatyouhavereceivedit,anditwillbeyours."[38][39][40] Inthelate19thcenturySwamiVivekanandatraveledtotheUnitedStatesandgavelecturesonHinduism.ThesetalksgreatlyinfluencedtheNewThoughtmovementandinparticular,WilliamWalkerAtkinsonwhowasoneofNewThought'spioneers.[41][42] Criticism[edit] TheLawofAttractionhasbeenpopularizedintheearly21stcenturybybooksandfilmssuchasTheSecret.This2006filmandthesubsequentbook[43]useinterviewswithNewThoughtauthorsandspeakerstoexplaintheprinciplesoftheproposedmetaphysicallawthatonecanattractanythingthatonethinksaboutconsistently.WritingfortheCommitteeforSkepticalInquiry,MaryCarmichaelandBenRadfordwrotethat"neitherthefilmnorthebookhasanybasisinscientificreality",andthatitspremisecontains"anuglyflipside:ifyouhaveanaccidentordisease,it'syourfault".[44] Othershavequestionedthereferencestomodernscientifictheory,andhavemaintained,forexample,thattheLawofAttractionmisrepresentstheelectricalactivityofbrainwaves.[45]VictorStengerandLeonLedermanarecriticalofattemptstousequantummysticismtobridgeanyunexplainedorseeminglyimplausibleeffects,believingthesetobetraitsofmodernpseudoscience.[7][8][9] SkepticalInquirermagazinecriticizedthelackoffalsifiabilityandtestabilityoftheseclaims.[44]Criticshaveassertedthattheevidenceprovidedisusuallyanecdotalandthat,becauseoftheself-selectingnatureofthepositivereports,aswellasthesubjectivenatureofanyresults,thesereportsaresusceptibletoconfirmationbiasandselectionbias.[46]PhysicistAliAlousi,forinstance,criticizeditasunmeasurableandquestionedthelikelihoodthatthoughtscanaffectanythingoutsidethehead.[1] ThemantraofTheSecret,andbyextension,theLawofAttraction,isasfollows:positivethoughtsandpositivevisualizationwillhaveadirectimpactontheself.Whilepositivitycanimproveone'squalityoflifeandresiliencethroughhardship,[47]itcanalsobemisguiding.Holdingthebeliefthatpositivethinkingwillmanifestpositivityinone'slifediminishesthevalueofhardworkandperseverance,suchasinthe1970spursualof"self-esteem-basededucation".[48]Thebeliefwasthatforstudentstosucceedacademically(andlargely,inlife),theymustdevelopapositivesenseoftheirownself-worth.Therationalebehindthistheorycomesfromtheperspectivethatpeoplewhoaresuccessfularealsogenerallypositivewhendiscussingtheirsuccess(e.g.,motivationalspeakers),thereforeone'ssuccessmustberelatedtohowtheyviewthemselves.Thus,theAmericaneducationsystemreceivedacompletereconstructiontoensurestudentsfeltvaluedintheiracademicefforts.Gradingcurveswereimplementedsothatfewerstudentswereheldback,honourrollswereremovedtopreventlower-achievingindividualsfromfeelingdisappointedinthemselves,andteacherscouldnolongergradeassignmentsusingredinkasthiswasviewedas"stigmatizing".[48]Studentswerenolongerheldtothesamestandardofachievement.Itwaslaterrealizedthatthissystemwasultimatelyunsuccessfulinpromotingsuccess;lower-achievingstudentswhowereadvancedfurtherintohigher-levelgradeswereunable,orunwillingto,garneranunderstandingofthecurriculum.Thus,inspiteofhavinggrandioseself-value,studentacademicachievementwasunabletomatchit.Whileempiricalresearchhasshownthatthereisanexistingrelationshipbetweenstudentself-worthandschoolachievement,[49]themotivationofstudentstoworkhardandachievebasedontheirownacademicmeritcannotbediscounted. Prominentsupporters[edit] In1891,CalifornianauthorandhumoristPrenticeMulfordusedthetermLawofAttractioninhisessaysSomeLawsofHealthandBeautyandGoodAndIllEffectsofThought. In1897,RalphWaldoTrinewroteInTunewiththeInfinite.Inthesecondparagraphofchapter9hewrites,"TheLawofAttractionworksunceasinglythroughouttheuniverse,andtheonegreatandneverchangingfactinconnectionwithitis,aswehavefound,thatlikeattractslike."[50] In1902,EnglishNewThoughtwriterJamesAllen(bestknownforwritingAsaManThinketh)wroteaseriesofbooksandarticlesbetween1901and1912,afterwhichhiswifeLilycontinuedhiswork. In1904,ThomasTroward,astronginfluenceintheNewThoughtMovement,gavealectureinwhichheclaimedthatthoughtprecedesphysicalformand"theactionofMindplantsthatnucleuswhich,ifallowedtogrowundisturbed,willeventuallyattracttoitselfalltheconditionsnecessaryforitsmanifestationinoutwardvisibleform."[51] In1906,EmmetFoxwroteaboutmetaphysicsandthepowerofprayerinessaysandbooks.HisteachingsarefoundedinChristianityandbiblestories.HecitesJesusChristasbeingthegreatestteacherofmetaphysicswhoeverlivedandexplainsthatthoughtsareourmostimportantemanation,moreimportantthanwhatwesayorwhatwedo.InthebooksPowerThroughConstructiveThinkingandFindandUseyourInnerPowerFoxspeaksabout"buildingthementalequivalentofwhatyouwantandtoexpungethosethatyoudon't". In1906,inhisNewThoughtMovementbookWilliamWalkerAtkinsonusedthephraseThoughtVibrationortheLawofAttractionintheThoughtWorld,statingthat"likeattractslike".[52] In1907,BruceMacLelland'sProsperityThroughThoughtForce',aprosperitytheologybook,summarizestheprincipleas"Youarewhatyouthink,notwhatyouthinkyouare."ItwaspublishedbyElizabethTowne,theeditorofTheNautilusMagazine,aJournalofNewThought.[53] Inhis1910TheScienceofGettingRich.WallaceD.Wattlesespousedsimilarprinciples—thatsimplybelievingintheobjectofyourdesireandfocusingonitwillleadtothatobjectorgoalbeingrealizedonthematerialplane(WattlesclaimsinthePrefaceandlaterchaptersofthisbookthathispremisestemsfromthemonisticHinduviewthatGodprovideseverythingandcandeliverwhatwefocuson).Thebookalsoclaimsnegativethinkingwillmanifestnegativeresults.[54] In1915,TheosophicalauthorWilliamQuanJudgeusedthephraseinTheOceanofTheosophy'.[55] In1919,AnothertheosophicalauthorAnnieBesantdiscussedthe'LawofAttraction'.[56]Besantcomparedherversionofittogravitation,andsaidthatthelawrepresentedaformofkarma.[57] NapoleonHillpublishedtwobooksonthetheme.Thefirst,TheLawofSuccessin16Lessons(1928),directlyandrepeatedlyreferencestheLawofAttractionandproposesthatitoperatesbyuseofradiowavestransmittedbythebrain.Thesecond,ThinkandGrowRich(1937),wentontosell100millioncopiesby2015.[58]Hillinsistedontheimportanceofcontrollingone'sownthoughtsinordertoachievesuccess,aswellastheenergythatthoughtshaveandtheirabilitytoattractotherthoughts.Hementionsa"secret"tosuccessandpromisestoindirectlydescribeitatleastonceineverychapter.Itisnevernamedandhesaysthatdiscoveringitonone'sownisfarmorebeneficial.Manypeoplehavearguedoverwhatit[59]actuallyis,someclaimit'stheLawofAttraction.Hillstatesthe"secret"ismentionednofewerthanahundredtimes,yetreferenceto"attract"isusedlessthan30timesinthetext. IsraelRegardiepublishedbookswiththeLawofAttractionthemeasoneofhisprevailingUniversalLaws.In,TheArtofTrueHealing:ATreatiseontheMechanismofPrayerandtheOperationoftheLawofAttractioninNature(1937),hetaughtafocusedmeditationtechniquetohelpthemindtolearntohealitselfonaphysicalandspirituallevel.RegardieclaimedthattheLawofAttractionwasavalidmethodforattractinggoodphysicalhealthandforimprovementinanyaspectofone'slife.[60] In1960,W.ClementStoneandNapoleonHillco-wroteSuccessThroughaPositiveMentalAttitude.[61] Inhis1988TheAmericanMythofSuccess,RichardWeissstatesthattheprincipleof"non-resistance"isapopularconceptoftheNewThoughtmovementandistaughtinconjunctionwiththeLawofAttraction.[62] The2008,EstherandJerryHicks'bookMoneyandtheLawofAttraction:LearningtoAttractHealth,Wealth&HappinessappearedontheNewYorkTimesBestSellerlist.[63] RhondaByrne,authorofTheSecret,ThePowerandTheMagic,wasinfluencedbyWattles'TheScienceofGettingRich.[64] NormanVincentPeale[65][furtherexplanationneeded] Seealso[edit] Psychologyportal ListofNewThoughtwriters ConversationswithGod Cosmicordering Efficacyofprayer Homophily Internallocusofcontrol Kybalion Lawofcontagion Magicalthinking Medicalstudents'disease Mindovermatter Positivementalattitude Priming(psychology) Prosperitytheology Pygmalioneffect Quantummysticism Self-fulfillingprophecy Sympatheticmagic References[edit] ^abcWhittaker,S.SecretattractionArchived4March2016attheWaybackMachine,TheMontrealGazette,12May2007. ^Redden,Guy(1999)."Magichappens:Anewagemetaphysicalmysterytour".JournalofAustralianStudies.InformaUKLimited.23(62):101–104.doi:10.1080/14443059909387505.ISSN 1444-3058. ^Taylor,TravisS.(2010).Thesciencebehindthesecret:decodingthelawofattraction&theuniversalquantumconnection.WakeForest,NC:BaenPub.Enterprises.ISBN 978-1-4391-3339-2.OCLC 419815471. ^Cheung,Valen.TheLOASkeptic:HowtoThinkScientificallyAbouttheLawofAttraction. ^Radford,Benjamin(3February2009)."ThePseudoscienceof'TheSecret'".LiveScience.Retrieved31March2017. 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^Regardie,I.(1974).TheArtofTrueHealing:ATreatiseontheMechanismofPrayerandtheOperationoftheLawofAttractioninNature.Retrieved3August2018. ^Hill,N.;Stone,W.C.(1991).SuccessThroughaPositiveMentalAttitude.PocketBooks.ISBN 978-0-671-74322-2.Retrieved3August2018. ^TheAmericanMythofSuccess.IlliniBooks.p. 169. ^"NewYorkTimesBestsellerinformationAugust31,2008".TheNewYorkTimes.31August2008.Retrieved18December2011. ^JerryAdler(21August2007)."DecodingTheSecret".Newsweek.Retrieved3August2018. ^"ProsperityAttraction–youcreateyourownreality »NormanVincentPeale".ProsperityAttraction–youcreateyourownreality.22September2008.Retrieved3August2018. 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