Salah - Wikipedia

Salah (Arabic: صَلاة, pl salawat, romanized: Arabic pronunciation: [sˤa'laː(h)], ([sˤaˈlaːt] in construct state) lit. 'prayer'), also known as namāz (Persian: ... Salah FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch DailyobligatoryprayersinIslam ThisarticleisabouttheIslamicprayers.Forotheruses,seeSalah(disambiguation). "Salat"redirectshere.Forotheruses,seeSalat(disambiguation). SalahPashtoMuslimsdoingRuku(bowing)duringfestivalprayerinKandahar.OfficialnameصلاةAlsocalledPrayerinIslamObserved byMuslimsTypeIslamicSignificanceAMuslimprayerofferedtoGodaccordingtolegaljurisprudence.Observances Fridayprayer Duha Eidprayers Tarawih Rainprayer Related toTilawa,Ruku,Sujud PartofaseriesonIslam Beliefs OnenessofGod Prophets RevealedBooks Angels DayofResurrection Predestination Practices ProfessionofFaith Prayer Almsgiving Fasting Pilgrimage TextsFoundations Quran Sunnah(Hadith,Sirah) Tafsir(exegesis) Aqidah(creed) Fiqh(jurisprudence) Sharia(law) History Timeline Muhammad Ahlal-Bayt Sahabah Rashidun Caliphate Imamate MedievalIslamicscience SpreadofIslam SuccessiontoMuhammad Cultureandsociety Academics Animals Art Calendar Children Circumcision Demographics Denominations Economics Education Spiritpossessionandexorcism Feminism Festivals Finance LGBT Madrasa Moralteachings Mosque Mysticism Philosophy Poetry Politics Proselytizing Science Slavery Socialwelfare Women Relatedtopics Apostasy Criticism Muhammad Quran Hadith Otherreligions Islamism Violence terrorism war Islamophobia Jihad Jihadism Lawsofwar Glossary  Islamportalvte PartofaseriesonIslamAqidah FivePillarsofIslam Shahada Salah Sawm Zakat Hajj SunniSixarticlesofbelief God Prophets Holybooks Angels TheLastJudgement Predestination Sunnitheologicaltraditions Ilmal-Kalam Ash'ari1 Maturidi2 Traditionalist Hanbalis3 Hanafi Maliki Shafi‘i Shi'aSevenpillarsofIsma'ilism4 Walayah Tawhid Salah Zakat Sawm Hajj Jihad TheologyofTwelvers5 Principles Tawhid Adalah Prophecy Imamah Qiyamah Practices Salah Sawm Zakat Hajj Khums Jihad Commandingwhatisjust Forbiddingwhatisevil Tawalli Tabarri OtherShiaconceptsofAqidah Imamate Batin Otherschoolsoftheology Murji'ah Karramiyya Mu'attila Jabriyyah6 Muhakkima Khawarij7 Ibadi8 Taṣawwuf9 Qadariyah Alevism Muʿtazila10 Quraniyya Including:1Al-Ahbash;Barelvis2Deobandi3Salafis(Ahl-iHadith&Wahhabis)4Sevener-Qarmatians,Assassins&Druzes5Alawites,Qizilbash&Bektashism;6Jahmīyya7Ajardi,Azariqa,Bayhasiyya,Najdat&Sūfrī8Nukkari;9Bektashis&Qalandaris;Mevlevis,Süleymancıs&variousṬarīqah10Bahshamiyya,Bishriyya&Ikhshîdiyya Islamportalvte Salah(Arabic:صَلاة,plsalawat,romanized:Arabicpronunciation: [sˤa'laː(h)],([sˤaˈlaːt]inconstructstate)lit.'prayer'),[1]alsoknownasnamāz(Persian:نماز)andalsospelledsalat,areprayersperformedbyMuslims.Facingtheqibla,thedirectionoftheKaabawithrespecttothosepraying,Muslimsprayfirststandingandlaterkneelingorsittingontheground,recitingprescribedprayersandphrasesfromtheQuranastheybowandprostratethemselvesinbetween.Salahiscomposedofprescribedrepetitivecyclesofbowsandprostrations,calledrakat(sing.rak'ah).Thenumberofrak'ahs,alsoknownasunitsofprayer,variesfromprayertoprayer.Ritualpurityandwuduareprerequisitesforperformingtheprayers.[2][3][4] ThedailyobligatoryprayerscollectivelyformthesecondofthefivepillarsinIslam,observedfivetimeseverydayatprescribedtimes.TheseareFajr(observedatdawn),Zuhrprayer(observedatnoon),Asr(observedlateintheafternoon),Maghrib(observedaftersunset),andIsha(observedatdusk).Salahcanbeperformedeitherinsolitude,orcollectively(knownasjama'ah).Whenperformedinjama'ah,worshipperslineupinparallelrowsbehindaleader,knownastheimam.Specialprayersareexclusivelyperformedincongregation,suchastheFridayprayerandtheEidprayers,andarecoupledwithtwosermonseach,deliveredbytheimam.[2] Contents 1Etymology 1.1IntheQuran 2Religioussignificance 3Procedure 3.1Beginning 3.2Commonelementsofeachrakat 4Typesofsalah 4.1Compulsoryprayers 4.1.1Qasr(ShorteningPrayers) 4.1.2Jam'(CombiningPrayers) 4.1.3Sunniview 4.2Specialcongregationalprayers 4.3Supererogatoryprayers 4.3.1Sunnahandnafl 4.3.2Prayersofthenight 4.3.3Otherprayers 5Differencesinpractice 5.1Specificdifferences 6Prayerincongregation 6.1Standingarrangement 7Seealso 8Notes 8.1Notestable 9References 10Bibliography 11Furtherreading Etymology[edit] Ṣalāh([sˤaˈlaː(h)]صلاة)isanArabicwordthatmeanstoprayorbless.[5]ThewordisusedprimarilybyEnglishspeakersonlytorefertothefiveobligatoryprayersofIslam.ThistermisspelledassolatinMalaysiaandIndonesia. OutsidetheArabworld,themostwidespreadtermsarethePersianwordnamāz(Persian:نماز)anditsderivatives.ItisusedbyspeakersoftheIndo-Iranianlanguages(e.g.PersianandsomelanguagesofSouthAsia),[6]aswellasbyspeakersoftheTurkicandSlaviclanguages.InLakandAvar,chak(чак)andkak(как)areused,respectively.Malaysia,Indonesiaandtheirsurroundingareasusealocalterm,sembahyangcombiningthewordssembah-toworship,andhyang-godordeity.[7] IntheQuran[edit] Thenounṣalāh(‏صلاة‎)isused82timesintheQuran.[8]Gerranslisted:2:3,2:43,2:45,2:83,2:110,2:153,2:157,2:177,2:238,2:277,4:43,4:77,4:101,4:102,4:103,4:142,4:162,5:6,5:12,5:55,5:58,5:91,5:106,6:72,6:92,6:162,7:170,8:3,8:35,9:5,9:11,9:18,9:54,9:71,9:99,9:103,10:87,11:87,11:114,13:22,14:31,14:37,14:40,17:78,17:110,19:31,19:55,19:59,20:14,20:132,21:73,22:35,22:40,22:41,22:78,23:2,23:9,24:37,24:41,24:56,24:58,29:45,30:31,31:4,31:17,33:33,35:18,35:29,42:38,58:13,62:9,62:10,70:23,70:34,73:20,98:5,107:5.[9] Thereareabout15otherderivativesofitstriliteralrootṣ-l.[8]Wordsconnectedtosalah(suchasmosque,wudu,dhikr,etc.)areusedinapproximatelyone-sixthofQuranicverses.[10]"Surelymyprayer,andmysacrificeandmylifeandmydeathare(all)forGod",[11][a]and"IamAllah,thereisnogodbutI,thereforeserveMeandkeepupprayerforMyremembrance"[12][b]arebothexamplesofthis. Religioussignificance[edit] Mainarticle:Prayercompensation Theprimarypurposeofsalahistoactasaperson'scommunicationwithAllah.[13]PurificationoftheheartistheultimatereligiousobjectiveofSalah.Viasalah,abelievercangrowclosertoAllahandinturnstrengthentheirfaith.Justashumansphysicallyrequirefoodandsupplementtostayhealthyandalive,thesoulrequiresprayerandclosenesstoGodtostaysustainedandhealthy.Inshort,itspirituallysustainsthehumansoul.[14] TafsiroftheQurancangivefourreasonsfortheobservationofsalah.First,inordertocommendGod,God'sservants,togetherwiththeangels,dosalah("blessing,salutations")[15][c]Second,salahisdoneinvoluntarilybyallbeingsinCreation,inthesensethattheyarealwaysincontactwithGodbyvirtueofHimcreatingandsustainingthem.[16][d]Third,Muslimsvoluntarilyoffersalahtorevealthatitistheparticularformofworshipthatbelongstotheprophets.[e]Fourth,salahisdescribedasthesecondpillarofIslam.[5] Procedure[edit] VariousprescribedmovementsinSalah,whichcollectivelyconstitutearak'ah.Fromlefttoright:Rukū',qiyām/i'tidal,sujūd,takbīrandqu'ūd/julūs. Mainarticle:Rakat EachSalahismadeupofrepeatingunitsknownasrakat(Arabic:رَكَعَاتsing.rak'ah).Eachprayermayconsistoftwotofourrakat.Eachrak'ahconsistsofspecificmovementsandrecitations.Onthemajorelementsthereisconsensus,butonminordetailstheremaybedifferentviews.Betweeneachpositionthereisaveryslightpause.ThephraseAllahuakbar(takbir),isrecitedwhenmovingfromonepositiontoanother. Beginning[edit] Beforeprayer,aMuslimshouldalwaysperformWudhu,anactinwhichhefirstwasheshishands,cleanshismouthandnose,washeshisface,washeshisarmsuptotheelbow,thenwithhiswethandswipesoverhisheadincludinghisearsandthenfinallywasheshisfeet.Intention,knownasniyyah,isaprerequisiteforsalah,andwhatdistinguishesrealworshipfrom'goingthroughthemotions'.Someauthoritiesholdthatintentionsufficesintheheart,andsomerequirethatitbespoken,usuallyunderthebreath.[17] Thepersonprayingbeginsinastandingpositionknownasqiyam,althoughpeoplewhofinditdifficulttodosomaybeginwhilesittingorlyingontheground.[5]Thisisfollowedbytheraisingofthehandstotheheadandrecitationofthetakbīr,knownincombinationastakbīratal-iḥrāmortakbīratat-taḥrīmah(consecratorytakbir).TakbirisreadasAllaahuAkbar(lit.GodisTheGreatest).Onethenlowerstheirhands.FirstTakbirrepresentsthebeginningofprayer.Fromthispointforwardoneprayingmaynotconverse,eat,ordothingsthatareotherwisehalal.AMuslimmustkeephisvisionlowduringprayer,lookingattheplacewherehisfacewillcontactthegroundduringprostration.[17][18][19] Commonelementsofeachrakat[edit] Stillstanding,thenextprincipalactistherecitationofAl-Fatiha,thefirstchapteroftheQuran.ThischapterbeginswithpraiseofGodandthenasupplicationismadetoGod.Inthefirstandsecondrakat,anotherportionoftheQuranisrecitedfollowingtheFatiha.ThisisfollowedbysayingAllaahuAkbar(lit."GodisTheGreatest")andraisingthehandsuptotheearlobes(Rafahyadain)followedbyRakoohwhichisbowingfromthewaist,withpalmsplacedontheknees(dependingonthemadhhab,rulesmaydifferforwomen).Whilebowing,thoseprayinggenerallyutterwordsofpraiseundertheirbreath,suchasسبحانربيالعظيم(lit."GlorybetomyLord,theMostMagnificent"),thriceormore.Astheworshipperstraightenstheirback,theysayسمعاللهلمنحمده(lit."Godhearstheonewhopraiseshim.")andربنالكالحمد(rabbanālakal-ḥamd,"OurLord,allpraisebetoyou.")[17]YemeniMusliminsujūd,performingsalahinthedesertduringtheNorthYemenCivilWar(above).Syriansinsujūdperformingsalahinjama'ahbehindanimam(below).ThisisfollowedbysayingAllaahuAkbar(lit."GodisTheGreatest")andraisingthehandsuptotheearlobesandthentheworshipperkneelsandprostrateswiththeforehead,nose,knees,palmsandtoestouchingthefloor,sayingسبحانربىالأعلى(lit."GlorybetomyLord,theMostHigh").Afterashortwhileinprostrationtheworshipperverybrieflyrisestosit,thenreturnstothegroundasecondtime.Liftingtheheadfromthesecondprostrationcompletesarak'ah.Ifthisisthesecondorlastraka'ah,theworshiperproceedstositandrecitethetashahhud,salawatandotherprayers.[17]Manyschoolsholdthattherightindexfingerisraisedwhenrecitingthesalawat,[17]particularlytheSunnischoolscholarswhoadaptedthetechnicalpracticeofprayerfoundinthehadithofZubayribnal-AwwamtransmittedbyMuslimibnal-HajjajaspartofprayerprocedureforMuslimsdailyprayers,whereaz-Zubayrpracticingthefinalphaseofhandsprayermovement(Tashahud)byclaspinghisrightmiddle,ring,andpinkyfingerswhilepointingtheindexfingerandputtingthethumbabovetheclaspedmiddlefinger.[Notes1]thispracticeofazZubayrpointingrightindexfingerforthefinalphaseoftheprayermovementwerebecameabasisprinciplebymodernscholarssuchasMuhammadibnAbdal-Wahhabinhisbook,Adabal-MashyIlaas-Salaa,[21]andMuhammadNasiruddinal-Albani.[22]Iftheworshipperthenintendstofinishtheirprayer,theyperformthetaslim(illustratedbelow),orcontinuewithanewrak'ah. Mistakesinsalaharebelievedtobecompensatedforbyprostratingtwiceattheendoftheprayer,knownassujudsahwi.[23]ThetaslimisreadasAssalamualaikumwarahmatullah(lit"PeaceandmercyofAllahbeuponyouAll").Taslimrepresentsendofprayer. PerformingtheTaslim Recitingthesalamfacingtherightdirection Recitingthesalamfacingtheleftdirection Typesofsalah[edit] PrayersinIslamareclassifiedintocategoriesbasedondegreesofobligation.Onecommonclassificationis[fard]("compulsory"),[sunnah]("tradition")andnafl("voluntary").[24] Compulsoryprayers[edit] ThefivedailyprayersareobligatoryoneveryMuslimwhohasreachedtheageofpuberty,withtheexceptionofthoseforwhomitmaynotbepossibleduetophysicalormentaldisabilities,[25]andthosemenstruating(hayd)orexperiencingpostnatalbleeding(nifas).[26]Thosewhoaresickorotherwisephysicallyunabletooffertheirprayersinthetraditionalformarepermittedtooffertheirprayerswhilesittingorlying,astheyareable.[27]Eachofthefiveprayershasaprescribedtime,dependingonthemovementofthesun.ThesearetheFajrprayer(2rakat,observedatdawn),Zuhrprayer(4rakat,observedatnoon),Asrprayer(4rakat,observedlateintheafternoon),Maghribprayer(3rakat,observedatdusk),andtheIshaprayer(4rakat,observedaftersunset).Salahmustbeprayedinitstime.Incertaincircumstances,onemaybeunabletoofferone'sprayerwithintheprescribedtime.Inthiscase,theprayermustbeofferedassoonaspossible.SeveralhadithnarratethatMuhammadstatedthatitispermissibletopraysalahoutofitspermissibletimeifapersonaccidentallysleepsthroughtheprescribedtime.However,knowinglysleepingthroughtheprescribedtimeforSalahisdeemedimpermissiblebymostscholars.[28]DisplayshowingprayertimesinaTurkishmosque. Qasr(ShorteningPrayers)[edit] Whentravelingoverlongdistances,onemayshortentheZuhr,'Asrand'Isha'aprayersto2rakat,apracticeknownasqasr.[29] Jam'(CombiningPrayers)[edit] InShiaJa'fariFiqh,onemayperformjam'baynas-salātayn,whichreferstoprayingtheZuhrand'Asrprayersincombinationatoneofitstime,aswellastheMaghribandIsha'aprayersatoneofitstime.However,prayingseparatelyisconsideredbetter.Neitherqasrnorjam'baynas-salātayncanbeappliedtotheFajrprayer.[30] BarringtheHanafites,SunnijurisprudencealsopermittocombineMaghriband'Isha'aprayersorDhuhrand'Asrprayersiftheyaretravelingandincapableofindependentlyperformingtheprayers.AmongstSunnis,SalafiMuslimsallowthecombiningoftwoconsecutiveprayersforawiderangeofreasons;suchaswhenvariousneedsariseorduetoanydifficulty.[31][32]TakingprecedencefromImamsoftheSalafandearlyMuhaddithun;manySalafisamongsttheAhl-iHadithschoolpermitcombiningtwoconsecutiveprayersgenerally,althoughprayingseparatelyispreferred.[33][34] Sunniview[edit] Ofthefardcategoryarethefivedailyprayers,aswellastheGatheringprayer(Jumu'ah),whiletheEidprayersandWitrareoftheWajibcategory.[35]AbandoningtheobligatoryprayersduetonegligenceisKufr(disbelief)accordingtothestricterHanbalimadhhabofSunniIslam,whiletheotherSunnimadhhabsconsiderdoingsoamajorsin.However,allfourmadhhabsagreethatdenialofthemandatorystatusoftheseprayersinvalidatesthefaithofthosewhodoso,renderingthemapostates.TheIslamicprophetMuhammadisreportedtohavesaid:"Betweenmanandpolytheismandunbeliefistheabandonmentofsalat."(SahihMuslimBook1,hadith154).[36] Fardprayers(aswithallfardactions)arefurtherclassedaseitherfardal-ayn(obligationoftheself)andfardal-kifayah(obligationofsufficiency).[citationneeded]Fardal-Aynareactionsconsideredobligatoryonindividuals,forwhichtheindividualwillbeheldtoaccountiftheactionsareneglected.[37]Fardal-KifayahareactionsconsideredobligatoryontheMuslimcommunityatlarge,sothatifsomepeoplewithinthecommunitycarryitoutnoMuslimisconsideredblameworthy,butifnoonecarriesitout,allincuracollectivepunishment.[38] FollowersofImamAbuHanifaalsoincludea6thobligatoryprayer,witr.Itissupposedtobethelastprayerofthenightandiscomposedofanoddnumberofrakat.Thisobligationisconsideredalesserobligationtotheother5obligatoryprayers,inthatitsrejectionisn'tanactofdisbeliefaccordingtotheHanafischool.TheotherschoolsconsiderthistobeaSunnahmuakkadah(emphasizedsunnah). SomeIslamicscholarsrequirementoofferthemandatorysalatincongregation(jama'ah),behindanimamwhentheyareablehowever,accordingtomostIslamicscholars,prayerincongregationismustahabb(recommended)formen,iftheyareabletodoso.[39] Specialcongregationalprayers[edit] Mainarticle:Fridayprayer WomenprayinginNajaf,IraqonEidal-Fitr TheJumu'ahisacongregationalprayeronFriday,whichreplacestheZuhrprayer.Itiscompulsoryuponmentopraythisincongregation,whilewomenmayprayitsoorofferZuhrprayerinstead.[40]Jumu'ahconsistsofasermon(khutbah),afterwhichtworakatsareprayed.[41]SincethekhutbahreplacesthetworakatofZuhr,itisbelievedthatlisteningtoitcarefullycompensatesthethawābof2rakat.[42] Thesalahofthe'Idaynissaidonthemorningsof''Eidal-Fitrand'Eidan-nahr.TheEidprayerisclassifiedbysomeasfard,likelyanindividualobligation(fardal-ayn)thoughsomeIslamicscholarsargueitisonlyacollectiveobligation(fardal-kifayah).Itconsistsoftworakats,withseven(orthreeforthefollowersImamAbuHanifa)takbirsofferedbeforethestartofthefirstrakatandfive(orthreeforthefollowersofImamAbuHanifa)beforethesecond.Afterthesalahiscompleted,asermon(khutbah)isoffered.However,thekhutbahisnotanintegralpartoftheEidsalah.[43]TheEidsalahmustbeofferedbetweensunriseandtruenooni.e.betweenthetimeperiodsforFajrandZuhr.[29] Supererogatoryprayers[edit] Mainarticle:Supererogatoryprayers Sunnahandnafl[edit] SunniMuslimsperformoptionalsunnahsalah(voluntaryprayersofferedbyMuhammad)oftwocategories:sunnahmu'akkadah(verifiedsunnah)andsunnahghair-mu'akkadah(unverifiedsunnah).TheprimarydifferencebetweenthetwobeingthefrequencyofMuhammadhavingperformedtherelevantsalah.Certainsunnahprayershaveprescribedtimes.Thoseordainedforbeforeeachofthefardprayersmustbeofferedbetweenthefirstcalltoprayer(adhan)andthesecondcall(iqamah),whichsignifiesthestartofthefardprayer.Thosesunnahordainedforafterthefardprayerscanbesaidanytimebetweentheendofthefardprayersandtheendofthecurrentprayer'swaqt.[citationneeded] WhileSunniMuslimsclassifytheseprayersassunnah,Shiaconsiderthemnafl.Naflsalaharevoluntaryandcanbeofferedatanytime.[44]ManySunniMuslimsalsooffertworakatsofnaflsalahaftertheZuhrandMaghribprayers.DuringtheIshaprayer,theypraythetworakatsofnaflafterthetwosunnahmu'akkadahandwajibprayers.[45]Therearemanyspecificconditionsorsituationswhenonemaywishtooffernaflprayers.Theycannotbeofferedatsunrise,truenoon,orsunset.Theprohibitionagainstsalahatthesetimesistopreventthepracticeofsunworship.[46]SomeMuslimsoffervoluntaryprayersimmediatelybeforeandafterthefiveprescribedprayers.Atableoftheseprayersisgivenbelow. Tableofsupererogatoryprayerswithcompulsoryprayers,withminordifferencesbetweenmadhhabs[45] Compulsory(fard)prayer Voluntarybeforefard[t1] Obligatory Voluntaryafterfard[t1] Total Sunni Shia Sunni Shia Sunni Shia Sunni Shia Fajr 2rakat¤ 2rakat[t1] 2rakat[t1] None 2rakat[t1] 4r. 6r. Zuhr 4rakat¤ 4rakat 4rakat[t2] 2rakat¤[t3] 8r.[t1][t4][t5] 10r. 16r. Asr 4rakat‡ 4rakat 4rakat None 8r.[t1][t4][t5] 8r. 16r. Maghrib 2rakat 3rakat 3rakat 2rakat¤[t3] 2r.[t1][t4][t5] 7r. 11r. Isha[t6] 4rakat‡ 4rakat 7r.× 4r. 2rakat¤[t3] 2r.[t1][t4][t5] 13r. 10r. Jumu'ah 2rakat‡ 2rakat 2rakatwithkhutbah 4rakat¤ 2rakat¤ 2r.nafl 2rakat 14r. 6r. ¤:denotessunnahmu'akkadah(verifiedsunnah),whichmustbeofferedbyadherentsoftheHanafimadhhab. ‡:denotessunnahghair-mu'akkadah(unverifiedsunnah). ×:offeredastwoprayersof4and3rakateach,withthe3rakatconsideredwajibandperformedafterthe4fardrakat. Prayersofthenight[edit] Thoughnotamandatorypartofthecourse,mostMuslimssupplicateaftercompletingsalah. Tahajjud(Arabic:تَهَجُّد)aresupererogatoryprayersofferedlateatnight.PrayersofthiskindareobservedfrommidnighttotheprescribedtimeoftheFajrprayer.[47]Theprayerincludesanynumberofevenrakat,performedintwosorfours,followedbythreeormoreoddrakatofwitrprayer.[48]ShiaMuslimsoffersimilarprayers,simplycallednightlyprayers(Arabic:صَلَوَاتاللَّيل).Theseareconsideredhighlymeritorious,andcanbeofferedinthesametimeastahajjud.[49][50]Theseprayersincludeelevenrakat:8nafl(4prayersof2rakateach),2rakatshaf'prayerand1rakatwitr.[50]Witr(Arabic:وِترlit.'string')areprayersofferedeitherwiththeIshaprayerorwiththetahajjud/salawatal-layl.Someconsiderthisprayercompulsory(wajib),whileothersconsideritsupererogatory.Theseareperformedinoddnumbersofrakats,withslightdifferencesbetweenmadhhabs.Theprayerusuallyincludesthequnūt.[49] Otherprayers[edit] Thewordistikharahisderivedfromtherootḵ-y-r(خير)"well-being,goodness,choice,selection".[51]Salatal-IstikhaarahisaprayerofferedwhenaMuslimneedsguidanceonaparticularmatter.Tosaythissalahoneshouldpraytworakatsofnon-obligatorysalahtocompletion.AftercompletiononeshouldrequestGodthatwhichonisbetter.[29]Theintentionforthesalahshouldbeinone'shearttopraytworakatsofsalahfollowedbyIstikhaarah.Thesalahcanbeofferedatanyofthetimeswheresalahisnotforbidden.[52]Otherprayersincludethetahiyyatal-masjid,whichMuslimsareencouragedtoofferthesetworakat.[53] Differencesinpractice[edit] ASunniMuslim(left)[54]andShiaMuslim(right)performingtheFridayprayerinTehran.SomeSunnisperformsalahwiththehandsclasped("qabd"),whileShiaoffersalahwiththeirhandsattheirsides("sadl"). MuslimsbelievethatMuhammadpracticed,taught,anddisseminatedtheworshipritualinthewholecommunityofMuslimsandmadeitpartoftheirlife.Thepracticehas,therefore,beenconcurrentlyandperpetuallypracticedbythecommunityineachofthegenerations.TheauthorityforthebasicformsofthesalahisneitherthehadithsnortheQuran,butrathertheconsensusofMuslims.[55][56] ThisisnotinconsistentwithanotherfactthatMuslimshaveshowndiversityintheirpracticesincetheearliestdaysofpractice,sothesalahpracticedbyoneMuslimmaydifferfromanother'sinminordetails.InsomecasestheHadithsuggestsomeofthisdiversityofpracticewasknownofandapprovedbytheProphethimself.[57] MostdifferencesarisebecauseofdifferentinterpretationsoftheIslamiclegalsourcesbythedifferentschoolsoflaw(madhhabs)inSunniIslam,andbydifferentlegaltraditionswithinShiaIslam.Inthecaseofritualworshipthesedifferencesaregenerallyminor,andshouldrarelycausedispute.[58] Aturbahormohrisasmallpieceofsoilorclay,oftenaclaytablet,usedduringsalahtosymbolizeearth. Specificdifferences[edit] Commondifferences,whichmayvarybetweenschoolsandgender,include:[59][60][61][62][63][64] Positionoflegsandfeet. Positionofhands,includingfingers Placewhereeyesshouldfocus Theminimumamountofrecitation Loudnessofrecitation:audible,ormovingoflips,orjustlistening(Loudprayer [ar],Silentprayer [ar]) Whichoftheprincipalelementsoftheprayerareindispensable,versusrecommended,optional,etc. ShiaMuslims,aftertheendoftheprayer,raisetheirhandsthreetimes,recitingAllahuakbarwhereasSunnislookattherightandthenleftshouldersayingtaslim.Also,Shiasoftenread"Qunoot"inthesecondRakat,whileSunnisusuallydothisaftersalah.[65] A2015PewResearchCenterstudyfoundthatwomenare2%morelikelythanmentoprayonadailybasis.[66] Prayerincongregation[edit] Mainarticle:Salahaljama'ah Bosniaksprayinginanopenfield,ca.1906 EveningprayingattheLahtiMosqueinLahti,Finland PresidentJokoWidodoofIndonesia(frontrow,fourthfromleft)joiningprayerincongregationwithVicePresidentJusufKalla(thirdfromleft),othercabinetmembers,andotherworshippers. FridayprayerforMuslimsinthestreetsofDhaka,Bangladesh Prayerinthecongregation(jama'ah)isconsideredtohavemoresocialandspiritualbenefitsthanprayingbyoneself.[67]Asperhadithtraditions,therewardofaprayerincongregationincreasestwenty-fivetimes.Ahadithsays:"Theprayerincongregationistwentyfivetimessuperiortotheprayerofferedbypersonalone."(SahihBukhari646).[68] Whenprayingincongregation,thepeoplestandinstraightparallelrowsbehindonepersonwhoconductstheprayer,calledimam,alsocalledthe'leader'.Theimammustbeabovetherestinknowledge,action,piety,andjustnessandpossessfaithandcommitmentthepeopletrust,BalancedPerceptionofReligionandthebestknowledgeoftheQuran.[28]Theprayerisofferedasnormal,withthecongregationfollowingtheimaminorderashe/sheoffersthesalah.[69] Standingarrangement[edit] Fortwopeopleofthesamegender,theywouldstandinline,theimamwouldstandontheleft,andtheotherpersonisontheright.Formorethantwopeople,theimamstandsonerowaheadoftherest.[citationneeded] WhentheWorshippersconsistofmenandwomencombined,amanischosenastheimam.Inthissituation,womenaretypicallyforbiddenfromassumingthisrole.Thispoint,thoughunanimouslyagreedonbythemajorschoolsofIslam,isdisputedbysomegroups,basedpartlyonahadithwhoseinterpretationiscontroversial.Whenthecongregationconsistsentirelyofwomenandpre-pubescentchildren,onewomanischosenasimam.[70]Whenmen,women,andchildrenarepraying,thechildren'srowsareusuallybetweenthemen'sandwomen'srows,withthemenatthefrontandwomenattheback.Anotherconfigurationiswherethemen'sandwomen'srowsaresidebyside,separatedbyacurtainorotherbarrier,[71]withtheprimaryintentionbeingfortheretobenodirectlineofsightbetweenmaleandfemaleWorshippers.[72]MenstandinginprayerinTulehu,Indonesia. Seealso[edit] Dua Sabr(Islamicterm) Tasbih Notes[edit] ^Quran,6:162 ^Quran,20:14 ^Quran,33:43 ^Quran,24:41 ^Quran,21:71-73 ^Theauthoralsonotedthisparticularmovementsusedbyaz-ZubayralsopracticedbyAbdullahibnUmarinSahihMuslimnumber1339[20] Notestable[edit] ^abcdefghiAccordingtoShiaMuslims,thesearetobesaidintwoandtworakats(fourintotal).ThisisnotthecaseforSunniMuslims. ^ReplacedbyJumu'ahonFridays,whichconsistsoftworakats. ^abcAccordingtoSunniMuslims,thereisadifferencebetweenSunnat-Mu'akkadah(obligatory)andSunnat-Ghair-Mu'akkadah(voluntary).UnlikefortheSunnat-Ghair-Mu'akkadah,theSunnat-Mu'akkadahwasprayedbyMuhammeddaily. ^abcdMustahab(praiseworthy)todoeveryday.(Shias) ^abcdAccordingtoShiaMuslims,thisprayeristermednawafil. ^Furtherinformationontheusageoftheword"Isha"(evening)seeQuran 12:16,Quran 79:46 References[edit] ^Lane,EdwardWilliam(1963).AnArabic-EnglishLexicon.Beirut,Lebanon:LibrairieduLiban.p. 1721.Retrieved17May2015. 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^"SahihMuslim82b-TheBookofFaith-كتابالإيمان-Sunnah.com-SayingsandTeachingsofProphetMuhammad(صلىاللهعليهوسلم)".sunnah.com.Retrieved26September2021. ^TheOxfordDictionaryofIslam."Fardal-Ayn".oxfordislamicstudies. ^TheOxfordDictionaryofIslam."Fardal-Kifayah".oxfordislamicstudies. ^"RulesofSalat(PartIIIofIII)".Al-Islam.org.Archivedfromtheoriginalon10May2012.Retrieved12May2012. ^FahdSalemBahammam.TheMuslim'sPrayer.ModernGuide.ISBN 9781909322950.Retrieved29January2018. ^AkhtarRizvi,SayyidSaeed(1989).ElementsofIslamicStudies.BilalMuslimMissionofTanzania. ^Margoliouth,G.(2003)."Sabbath(Muhammadan)".InHastings,James(ed.).EncyclopediaofReligionandEthics.Vol. 20.Selbie,JohnA.,contrib.KessingerPublishing.pp. 893–894.ISBN 978-0-7661-3698-4. ^"IslamToday".Archivedfromtheoriginalon17October2007. ^"prayers".islamicsupremecouncil.com.Archivedfromtheoriginalon13February2012.Retrieved14May2012. ^ab"AShi'iteEncyclopedia".AhlulBaytDigitalIslamicLibraryProject.12November2013. 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^"SALAHACCORDINGTOTHEHANBALISCHOOLOFTHOUGHT".daruliftabirmingham.co.uk.Archivedfromtheoriginalon5March2013.Retrieved25April2014. ^"ImamAliFoundation-London".najaf.org.Archivedfromtheoriginalon26April2014.Retrieved25April2014. ^"Shiaprayingdifferences".shiastudies.org.Retrieved3December2019. ^Swanson,Ana(30March2016)."Whywomenaremorereligiousthanmen".TheWashingtonPost.Archivedfromtheoriginalon31March2016.Retrieved8January2018. ^Qaraati,Muhsin(18February2018).TheRadianceoftheSecretsofPrayer.ISBN 978-1496053961. ^"Sahihal-Bukhari646-CalltoPrayers(Adhaan)-كتابالأذان-Sunnah.com-SayingsandTeachingsofProphetMuhammad(صلىاللهعليهوسلم)".sunnah.com.Retrieved26September2021. ^Hussain,Musharraf(10October2012).TheFivePillarsofIslam:LayingtheFoundationsofDivineLoveandServicetoHumanity.KubePublishingLtd(10October2012).pp. 77–78.ISBN 978-1847740540. ^"Iranianwomentoleadprayers".BBC.1August2000.Retrieved11February2008. ^Cornell,VincentJ.(2007).VoicesofIslam:Voicesoflife :family,home,andsociety.PraegerPublishers;1stedition(1January2007).pp. 25–28.ISBN 978-0275987350. ^Maghniyyah,MuhammadJawad(21November2016)."Prayer(Salat),AccordingtotheFiveIslamicSchoolsofLaw".IslamicCultureandRelationsOrganisation. 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WikimediaCommonshasmediarelatedtoSalat. vteSalah(Islamicprayer)Islamicprayers-Prayercompensation-WomanprayerCategoriesandtypesRegularmandatoryprayers Maghrib Isha(Chafa'a,Witr) Fajr(Fajrnaflprayer,Qunut) Jumu'ah(weeklyFridayprayer) Zuhr Asr Communalmandatoryprayers Salatal-Janazah Prayersfortheabsent Eidprayers(accordingtosomeIslamicscholars) Congregationalprayers Jumu'ah Tarawih Eidprayers Rainprayer Eclipseprayer [ar] Supererogatoryprayers Prayersofthetradition Voluntaryprayers Duha Ishraq Tahajjud Nightnaflprayer [ar] Tarawih Tawassul Chafa'a Witr Tahiyyatmasjid [ar] Occassionalprayers Salatal-Istikharah Salatal-Tawbah Sickprayer [ar] Needprayer [ar] Fearprayer [ar] Tasbihprayer [ar] Eidprayers Tarawih(Ramadan) Prayerunit(raka'ah)anditsconstituents Intention(Niyyah) Basmala Takbir Fatiha Standing(Qiyam) Recitation Qira'at Properpronunciation(Tajwid) Tilawa Loudprayer [ar] Silentprayer [ar] Supplication(Qunut) Bowing(Ruku) Prostration Sujud SujudSahwi SujudShukr SujudTilawa Sittinginsalah(Tashahhud) Peacegreeting(Taslim) Reverence(Khouchouâa [ar]) Contentment Mosque Mihrab Podium(Minbar) Sermon(Khutbah) Prayerhall(Musalla) Prayerrug(sajjādah) Conditions Prayercall Adhan Iqama Salahtimes Prayerforbiddentimes [ar] Prayerdirection(Qibla) Islamichygienicaljurisprudence RitualpurityinIslam Junub MenstruationinIslam Istihadha Najis Bath(Ghusl) Ablution(Wudu) Dryablution(Tayammum) Screenorbarrier(Sutrah) Category vteIslamtopicsOutlineofIslamBeliefs GodinIslam Tawhid Muhammad InIslam ProphetsofIslam Angels Revelation Qadar JudgementDay FivePillars Shahada Salah Sawm Zakat Hajj HistoryLeaders TimelineofIslamichistory SuccessiontoMuhammad Earlyconquests GoldenAge Historiography Sahaba Ahlal-Bayt Shi'aImams Caliphates Rashidun Umayyad Abbasid Córdoba Fatimid Almohad Sokoto Ottoman Religioustexts Quran Hadith Tafsir Seerah StoryofProphets Denominations Sunni Ash'ari,MaturidiandHanbali Sufi Salafi Shia TwelverShia Isma'ilism Alawites Alevism BektashiAlevism Zaidiyyah Ibadi NationofIslam Ahmadiyya Lahori Quranism Non-denominational LifeCulture Animals Art Calendar Children Clothing Flags Holidays Mosques Madrasas Moralteachings Music Philosophy Politicalaspects Qurbani Science Socialwelfare Women LGBT Islambycountry LawJurisprudenceEconomics Banking Economichistory Sukuk Takaful Murabaha Riba Hygiene Ghusl Miswak Najis Tayammum Toilet Wudu FamilyMarriageSex Haya Marriagecontract Mahr Mahram Nikah Nikahmut'ah Zina Otheraspects Baligh Cleanliness Criminal Dhabiĥa Dhimmi Divorce Diet Ethics Etiquette Gambling Gendersegregation Honorifics Hudud Inheritance Jizya Leadership Mamalakataymanukum Military POWs Slavery Sourcesoflaw Theological kalam Schoolsofislamicjurisprudence  IslamicstudiesArts Arabesque Architecture Calligraphy Carpets Gardens Geometricpatterns Music Pottery Medievalscience Alchemyandchemistry Astronomy Cosmology Geographyandcartography Mathematics Medicine Ophthalmology Physics Philosophy Early Contemporary Eschatology Theological Otherareas Astrology Creationism(evolution) Feminism Inventions Liberalismandprogressivism Literature poetry Psychology Shu'ubiyya Conversiontomosques  OtherOtherreligions Christianity Mormonism Protestantism Hinduism Jainism Judaism Sikhism Apostasy ApostasyinIslambycountry Ex-Muslims ListofformerMuslims Listofex-Muslimorganisations Relatedtopics CriticismofIslam Muhammad Quran CulturalMuslim Islamism Criticism Post-Islamism Qutbism Islamophobia Incidents Islamicterrorism Islamicviewofmiracles Domesticviolence Nursing PersecutionofMuslims Quranandmiracles Symbolism  Islamportal Category vtePeopleandthingsintheQuranCharactersNon-humans Allāh('TheGod') NamesofAllahfoundintheQuran,suchasKarīm(Generous) AnimalsRelated Thebaqarah(cow)ofIsraelites Thedhiʾb(wolf)thatJacobfearedcouldattackJoseph Thefīl(elephant)oftheAbyssinians Ḥimār(Domesticateddonkey) Thehud-hud(hoopoe)ofSolomon Thekalb(dog)ofthesleepersofthecave Thenamlah(femaleant)ofSolomon Thenūn(fishorwhale)ofJonah Thenāqat(she-camel)ofSaleh Non-related ʿAnkabūt(Femalespider) Dābbatal-Arḍ(BeastoftheEarth) Ḥimār(Wildass) Naḥl(Honeybee) Qaswarah('Lion','beastofprey'or'hunter') Malāʾikah(Angels) AngelsofHell Mālik Zabāniyah BearersoftheThrone HarutandMarut KirāmanKātibīn(HonourableScribes) Raqib Atid MunkarandNakir Riḍwan Archangels Jibrīl(Gabriel,chief) Ar-Rūḥ('TheSpirit') Ar-Rūḥal-Amīn('TheTrustworthySpirit') Ar-Rūḥal-Qudus('TheHolySpirit') AngeloftheTrumpet(IsrāfīlorRaphael) Malakul-Mawt(AngelofDeath,Azrael) Mīkāil(Michael) Jinn(Genies) Jann ʿIfrīt Qarīn Sila Shayāṭīn(Demons) Iblīsash-Shayṭān(the(chief)Devil) Mārid('Rebelliousone') Others GhilmānorWildān Ḥūr ProphetsMentioned Ādam(Adam) Al-Yasaʿ(Elisha) Ayyūb(Job) Dāwūd(David) Dhūl-Kifl(Ezekiel?) Hārūn(Aaron) Hūd(Eber?) Idrīs(Enoch?) Ilyās(Elijah) ʿImrān(JoachimthefatherofMaryam) Isḥāq(Isaac) Ismāʿīl(Ishmael) DhabihUllah Lūṭ(Lot) Ṣāliḥ Shuʿayb(Jethro,ReuelorHobab?) SulaymānibnDāwūd(SolomonsonofDavid) ʿUzair(Ezra?) YaḥyāibnZakariyyā(JohntheBaptistthesonofZechariah) Yaʿqūb(Jacob) Isrāʾīl(Israel) Yūnus(Jonah) Dhūn-Nūn('HeoftheFish(orWhale)'or'OwneroftheFish(orWhale)') Ṣāḥibal-Ḥūt('CompanionoftheWhale') YūsufibnYa‘qūb(JosephsonofJacob) Zakariyyā(Zechariah) Ulul-ʿAzm('ThoseofthePerseveranceandStrongWill') Muḥammad Aḥmad OthernamesandtitlesofMuhammad ʿĪsā(Jesus) Al-Masīḥ(TheMessiah) IbnMaryam(SonofMary) MūsāKalīmullāh(MosesHewhospoketoGod) IbrāhīmKhalīlullāh(AbrahamFriendofGod) Nūḥ(Noah) Debatableones Dhūl-Qarnain Luqmān Maryam(Mary) Ṭālūt(SaulorGideon?) Implied Irmiyā(Jeremiah) Ṣamūʾīl(Samuel) YūshaʿibnNūn(Joshua,companionandsuccessorofMoses) PeopleofProphetsGoodones Adam'simmediaterelatives Martyredson Wife BelieverofYa-Sin FamilyofNoah FatherLamech MotherShamkhahbintAnushorBetenos Luqman'sson PeopleofAbraham MotherAbionaorAmtelaithedaughterofKarnebo Ishmael'smother Isaac'smother PeopleofJesus Disciples(includingPeter) Mary'smother Zechariah'swife PeopleofSolomon Mother QueenofSheba Vizier Zayd(Muhammad'sadoptedson) PeopleofJoseph Brothers(includingBinyāmin(Benjamin)andSimeon) Egyptians ʿAzīz(Potiphar,QatafirorQittin) Malik(KingAr-RayyānibnAl-Walīd)) WifeofʿAzīz(Zulaykhah) Mother PeopleofAaronandMoses Egyptians Believer(HizbilorHizqilibnSabura) ImraʾatFirʿawn(ĀsiyábintMuzāḥimtheWifeofPharaoh,whoadoptedMoses) MagiciansofthePharaoh Wise,piousman Moses'wife Moses'sister-in-law Mother Sister Evilones Āzar(possiblyTerah) Firʿawn(PharaohofMoses'time) Hāmān Jālūt(Goliath) Qārūn(Korah,cousinofMoses) As-Sāmirī AbūLahab SlayersofSaleh'sshe-camel(QaddaribnSalifandMusda'ibnDahr) Impliedornotspecified Abraha AbuBakr Bal'am/Balaam Barṣīṣā CaleborKalebthecompanionofJoshua Luqman'sson NebuchadnezzarII Nimrod RahmahthewifeofAyyub Shaddad GroupsMentioned Aṣḥābal-Jannah PeopleofParadise PeopleoftheBurntGarden Aṣḥābas-Sabt(CompanionsoftheSabbath) Jesus'apostles Ḥawāriyyūn(DisciplesofJesus) CompanionsofNoah'sArk Aṣḥābal-Kahfwar-Raqīm(CompanionsoftheCaveandAl-Raqaim? CompanionsoftheElephant Peopleofal-Ukhdūd PeopleofatownshipinSurahYa-Sin PeopleofYathriborMedina QawmLūṭ(PeopleofSodomandGomorrah) NationofNoah Tribes,ethnicitiesorfamilies ‘Ajam Ar-Rūm(literally'TheRomans') BanīIsrāʾīl(ChildrenofIsrael) Muʾtafikāt(SodomandGomorrah) PeopleofIbrahim PeopleofIlyas PeopleofNuh PeopleofShuaib AhlMadyanPeopleofMadyan) Aṣḥābal-Aykah('CompanionsoftheWood') QawmYūnus(PeopleofJonah) Ya'jujandMa'juj/GogandMagog PeopleofFir'aun CurrentUmmahofIslam(UmmahofMuhammad) AṣḥābMuḥammad(CompanionsofMuhammad) Anṣār(literally'Helpers') Muhajirun(EmigrantsfromMeccatoMedina) PeopleofMecca WifeofAbuLahab ChildrenofAyyub SonsofAdam WifeofNuh WifeofLut YaʾjūjwaMaʾjūj(GogandMagog) SonofNuh Aʿrāb(ArabsorBedouins) ʿĀd(peopleofHud) CompanionsoftheRass QawmTubbaʿ(PeopleofTubba) PeopleofSabaʾorSheba Quraysh Thamūd(peopleofSaleh) Aṣḥābal-Ḥijr('CompanionsoftheStoneland') Ahlal-Bayt('PeopleoftheHousehold') HouseholdofAbraham BrothersofYūsuf Lot'sdaughters ProgenyofImran HouseholdofMoses HouseholdofMuhammad ibnAbdullahibnAbdul-MuttalibibnHashim DaughtersofMuhammad Muhammad'swives HouseholdofSalih Implicitlymentioned Amalek Ahlas-Suffa(PeopleoftheVerandah) BanuNadir BanuQaynuqa BanuQurayza Iranianpeople UmayyadDynasty AusandKhazraj PeopleofQuba Religiousgroups Ahlal-Dhimmah Kāfirūn disbelievers MajūsZoroastrians Munāfiqūn(Hypocrites) Muslims Believers Ahlal-Kitāb(PeopleoftheBook) Naṣārā(Christian(s)orPeopleoftheInjil) Ruhban(Christianmonks) Qissis(Christianpriest) Yahūd(Jews) Ahbār(Jewishscholars) Rabbani/Rabbi Sabians Polytheists MeccanpolytheistsatthetimeofMuhammad MesopotamianpolytheistsatthetimeofAbrahamandLot LocationsMentioned Al-ArḍAl-Muqaddasah('TheHolyLand') 'Blessed'Land' Al-Jannah(Paradise,literally'TheGarden') Jahannam(Hell) DoorofHittah Madyan(Midian) Majmaʿal-Baḥrayn Miṣr(MainlandEgypt) Salsabīl(AriverinParadise) IntheArabianPeninsula(excludingMadyan) Al-Aḥqāf('TheSandyPlains,'or'theWind-curvedSand-hills') Iramdhātal-ʿImād(IramofthePillars) Al-Madīnah(formerlyYathrib) ʿArafātandAl-MashʿarAl-Ḥarām Al-Ḥijr(Hegra) Badr Ḥunayn Makkah(Mecca) Bakkah ḤaramanĀminan('Sanctuary(whichis)Secure') Kaʿbah(Kaaba) MaqāmIbrāhīm(StationofAbraham) SafaandMarwa Sabaʾ(Sheba) ʿArimSabaʾ(DamofSheba) Rass SinaiRegionorTīhDesert Al-WādAl-MuqaddasṬuwan(TheHolyValleyofTuwa) Al-Wādil-Ayman(Thevalleyonthe'righthand'sideoftheValleyofTuwaandMountSinai) Al-BuqʿahAl-Mubārakah('TheBlessedPlace') MountSinaiorMountTabor InMesopotamia Al-Jūdiyy Munzalanm-Mubārakan('Place-of-LandingBlessed') Bābil(Babylon) QaryatYūnus('TownshipofJonah,'thatisNineveh) Religiouslocations Bayʿa(Church) Miḥrāb Monastery Masjid(Mosque,literally'PlaceofProstration') Al-MashʿarAl-Ḥarām('TheSacredGrove') Al-MasjidAl-Aqṣā(Al-AqsaMosque,literally'TheFarthestPlace-of-Prostration') Al-MasjidAl-Ḥarām(TheSacredMosqueofMecca) Masjidal-Dirar AMosqueintheareaofMedina,possibly: MasjidQubāʾ(QubaMosque) TheProphet'sMosque Salat(Synagogue) Implied Antioch Antakya Arabia Al-Ḥijāz(literally'TheBarrier') Al-Ḥajaral-Aswad(BlackStone)&Al-HijrofIsma'il CaveofHira Ghārath-Thawr(CaveoftheBull) Hudaybiyyah Ta'if Ayla BarrierofDhul-Qarnayn Baytal-Muqaddas&'Ariha Bilādar-Rāfidayn(Mesopotamia) Canaan CaveofSevenSleepers Dāran-Nadwa JordanRiver NileRiver PalestineRiver ParadiseofShaddad Events,incidents,occasionsortimes IncidentofIfk Laylatal-Qadr(NightofDecree) EventofMubahala Saylal-ʿArim(FloodoftheGreatDamofMa'ribinSheba) TheFarewellPilgrimage TreatyofHudaybiyyah Battlesormilitaryexpeditions Battleofal-Aḥzāb('theConfederates') BattleofBadr BattleofHunayn BattleofKhaybar BattleofUhud ExpeditionofTabuk ConquestofMecca Days Al-Jumuʿah(TheFriday) As-Sabt(TheSabbathorSaturday) Daysofbattles DaysofHajj Doomsday MonthsoftheIslamiccalendar 12months:Fourholymonths Ash-ShahrAl-Ḥarām(TheSacredorForbiddenMonth) Ramaḍān Pilgrimages Al-Ḥajj(literally'ThePilgrimage',theGreaterPilgrimage) Al-ʿUmrah(TheLesserPilgrimage) TimesforprayerorremembranceTimesforDuʿāʾ('Invocation'),ṢalāhandDhikr('Remembrance',includingTaḥmīd('Praising'),TakbīrandTasbīḥ): Al-ʿAshiyy(TheAfternoonortheNight) Al-Ghuduww('TheMornings') Al-Bukrah('TheMorning') Aṣ-Ṣabāḥ('TheMorning') Al-Layl('TheNight') Al-ʿIshāʾ('TheLate-Night') Aẓ-Ẓuhr('TheNoon') Dulūkash-Shams('DeclineoftheSun') Al-Masāʾ('TheEvening') Qablal-Ghurūb('BeforetheSetting(oftheSun)') Al-Aṣīl('TheAfternoon') Al-ʿAṣr('TheAfternoon') Qablṭulūʿash-Shams('BeforetherisingoftheSun') Al-Fajr('TheDawn')Implied GhadirKhumm Laylatal-Mabit Thefirstpilgrimage OtherHolybooks Al-Injīl(TheGospelofJesus) Al-Qurʾān(TheBookofMuhammad) Ṣuḥuf-iIbrāhīm(Scroll(s)ofAbraham) At-Tawrāt(TheTorah) Ṣuḥuf-i-Mūsā(Scroll(s)ofMoses) TabletsofStone Az-Zabūr(ThePsalmsofDavid) Ummal-Kitāb('MotheroftheBook(s)') Objectsofpeopleorbeings HeavenlyfoodofJesus'apostles Noah'sArk StaffofMusa Tābūtas-Sakīnah(CasketofShekhinah) ThroneofBilqis TrumpetofIsrafil Mentionedidols(cultimages) 'Ansāb JibtandṬāghūt(Falsegod) OfIsraelites Baʿal Theʿijl(goldencalfstatue)ofIsraelites OfNoah'speople Nasr Suwāʿ Wadd Yaghūth Yaʿūq OfQuraysh Al-Lāt Al-ʿUzzā Manāt CelestialbodiesMaṣābīḥ(literally'lamps'): Al-Qamar(TheMoon) Kawākib(Planets) Al-Arḍ(TheEarth) Nujūm(Stars) Ash-Shams(TheSun)Plantmatter Baṣal(Onion) Fūm(Garlicorwheat) Shaṭʾ(Shoot) Sūq(Plantstem) Zarʿ(Seed) Fruits ʿAdas(Lentil) Baql(Herb) Ḥabbdhul-ʿaṣf(Cornofthehusk) Qith-thāʾ(Cucumber) Rummān(Pomegranate) Tīn(Fig) Ukulkhamṭ(BitterfruitorfoodofSheba) Zaytūn(Olive) InParadise ForbiddenfruitofAdam Bushes,treesorplants PlantsofSheba Athl(Tamarisk) Sidr(Lote-tree) Līnah(TenderPalmtree) Nakhl(Datepalm) Rayḥān(Scentedplant) Sidratal-Muntahā Zaqqūm Liquids Māʾ(Waterorfluid) Nahr(River) Yamm(Riverorsea) Sharāb(Drink) Note:Namesaresortedalphabetically.Standardform:Islamicname/Biblicalname(titleorrelationship) AuthoritycontrolGeneral VIAF 1 2 WorldCat(viaVIAF) Nationallibraries France(data) Germany Israel UnitedStates 2 Japan Other FacetedApplicationofSubjectTerminology 2 SUDOC(France) 1 İslâmAnsiklopedisi Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Salah&oldid=1074855059" 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