The New York Times - Wikipedia

The New York Times is an American daily newspaper based in New York City with a worldwide readership. ... It was founded in 1851 by Henry Jarvis Raymond and ... TheNewYorkTimes FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch Americandailynewspaper Thisarticleisaboutthenewspaper.Fortheownerofthenewspaper,seeTheNewYorkTimesCompany.Forotheruses,seeTheNewYorkTimes(disambiguation). "NYT"redirectshere.Forotheruses,seeNYT(disambiguation). TheNewYorkTimesAlltheNewsThat'sFittoPrintFrontpageforMarch26,2018TypeDailynewspaperFormatBroadsheetOwner(s)TheNewYorkTimesCompanyFounder(s)HenryJarvisRaymondGeorgeJonesPublisherA.G.Sulzberger[1]Editor-in-chiefDeanBaquet[1]ManagingeditorJosephKahn[1]OpinioneditorKathleenKingsbury(acting)[2]SportseditorRandalC.Archibold[3]Staffwriters2,000newsstaff(2022)[4]FoundedSeptember 18,1851;170yearsago (1851-09-18)(asNew-YorkDailyTimes)HeadquartersTheNewYorkTimesBuilding,620 EighthAvenueNewYorkCity,U.S.CountryUnitedStatesCirculation5,496,000newssubscribers 4,665,000digital-only 831,000print 1,398,000games,cooking,andaudiosubscribers(asofNovember2020[5])ISSN0362-4331 (print)1553-8095 (web)OCLCnumber1645522Website nytimes.com MediaoftheUnitedStatesListofnewspapers TheNewYorkTimesisanAmericandailynewspaperbasedinNewYorkCitywithaworldwidereadership.[6][7]Itwasfoundedin1851byHenryJarvisRaymondandGeorgeJones,andwasinitiallypublishedbyRaymond,Jones&Company.[8]TheTimeshaswon132PulitzerPrizes,themostofanynewspaper,[9]andhaslongbeenregardedasanational"newspaperofrecord".[10]Itisranked18thintheworldbycirculationand3rdintheU.S.[11] ThepaperisownedbyTheNewYorkTimesCompany,whichispubliclytraded.IthasbeengovernedbytheSulzbergerfamilysince1896,throughadual-classsharestructureafteritssharesbecamepubliclytraded.[12]A.G.Sulzbergerandhisfather,ArthurOchsSulzbergerJr.—thepaper'spublisherandthecompany'schairman,respectively—arethefifthandfourthgenerationsofthefamilytoheadthepaper.[13] Sincethemid-1970s,TheNewYorkTimeshasexpandeditslayoutandorganization,addingspecialweeklysectionsonvarioustopicssupplementingtheregularnews,editorials,sports,andfeatures.Since2008,[14]theTimeshasbeenorganizedintothefollowingsections:News,Editorials/Opinions-Columns/Op-Ed,NewYork(metropolitan),Business,Sports,Arts,Science,Styles,Home,Travel,andotherfeatures.[15]OnSundays,theTimesissupplementedbytheSundayReview(formerlytheWeekinReview),[16]TheNewYorkTimesBookReview,[17]TheNewYorkTimesMagazine,[18]andT:TheNewYorkTimesStyleMagazine.[19] Contents 1History 1.1Origins 1.2Ochsera 1.3Post-warexpansion 1.4NewYorkTimesv.Sullivan(1964) 1.5ThePentagonPapers(1971) 1.6Late1970s–1990s 1.7Digitalera 1.7.1Earlydigitalcontent 1.7.22000s 1.7.32010s 1.7.42020s 1.8Headquartersbuilding 1.9Genderdiscriminationinemployment 1.10Slogan 2Organization 2.1Newsstaff 2.2Ochs-Sulzbergerfamily 2.3Publiceditors 3Content 3.1Editorialstance 3.2Style 4Products 4.1Printnewspaper 4.2InternationalEdition 4.3Website 4.3.1Foodsection 4.3.2TimesSelect 4.3.3Paywallanddigitalsubscriptions 4.4Mobilepresence 4.4.1Apps 4.4.2TheTimesReader 4.5Podcasts 4.6Non-Englishversions 4.6.1Chinese-language 4.6.2TheNewYorkTimesenEspañol(Spanish-language) 4.7TimesMachine 5Interruptions 6Controversies 6.1WalterDuranty'sHolodomorcoverageandPulitzer 6.2WorldWarII 6.3Accusationsofliberalbias 6.4JaysonBlairplagiarism(2003) 6.5IraqWar(2003–06) 6.6Israeli–Palestinianconflict 7Reputation 7.1Awards 8Seealso 9References 9.1Notes 9.2Citations 10Furtherreading 11Externallinks History Origins FirstpublishedissueofNew-YorkDailyTimes,onSeptember18,1851 FrontpageofTheNewYorkTimesonJuly29,1914,announcingAustria-Hungary'sdeclarationofwaragainstSerbia TheNewYorkTimeswasfoundedastheNew-YorkDailyTimesonSeptember18,1851.[a]FoundedbyjournalistandpoliticianHenryJarvisRaymondandformerbankerGeorgeJones,theTimeswasinitiallypublishedbyRaymond,Jones&Company.[21]EarlyinvestorsinthecompanyincludedEdwinB.Morgan,[22]ChristopherMorgan,[23]andEdwardB.Wesley.[24]Soldforapenny(equivalentto$0.33in2021),theinauguraleditionattemptedtoaddressvariousspeculationsonitspurposeandpositionsthatprecededitsrelease:[25] WeshallbeConservative,inallcaseswherewethinkConservatismessentialtothepublicgood;—andweshallbeRadicalineverythingwhichmayseemtoustorequireradicaltreatmentandradicalreform.WedonotbelievethateverythinginSocietyiseitherexactlyrightorexactlywrong;—whatisgoodwedesiretopreserveandimprove;—whatisevil,toexterminate,orreform. In1852,thenewspaperstartedawesterndivision,TheTimesofCalifornia,whicharrivedwheneveramailboatfromNewYorkdockedinCalifornia.TheeffortfailedoncelocalCalifornianewspaperscameintoprominence.[26] OnSeptember14,1857,thenewspaperofficiallyshorteneditsnametoTheNew-YorkTimes.ThehypheninthecitynamewasdroppedonDecember1,1896.[27]OnApril21,1861,TheNewYorkTimesbeganpublishingaSundayeditiontoofferdailycoverageoftheCivilWar. ThemainofficeofTheNewYorkTimeswasattackedduringtheNewYorkCitydraftriots.Theriots,sparkedbytheinstitutionofadraftfortheUnionArmy,beganonJuly13,1863.On"NewspaperRow",acrossfromCityHall,co-founderHenryRaymondstoppedtherioterswithGatlingguns,earlymachineguns,oneofwhichhewieldedhimself.Themobdiverted,insteadattackingtheheadquartersofabolitionistpublisherHoraceGreeley'sNewYorkTribuneuntilbeingforcedtofleebytheBrooklynCityPolice,whohadcrossedtheEastRivertohelptheManhattanauthorities.[28] In1869,HenryRaymonddied,andGeorgeJonestookoveraspublisher.[29] TheTimesSquareBuilding,TheNewYorkTimes'publishingheadquarters,1913–2007 Thenewspaper'sinfluencegrewin1870and1871,whenitpublishedaseriesofexposésonWilliamTweed,leaderofthecity'sDemocraticParty—popularlyknownas"TammanyHall"(fromitsearly-19th-centurymeetingheadquarters)—thatledtotheendoftheTweedRing'sdominationofNewYork'sCityHall.[30]TweedhadofferedTheNewYorkTimesfivemilliondollars(equivalentto113 milliondollarsin2021)tonotpublishthestory.[22] Inthe1880s,TheNewYorkTimesgraduallytransitionedfromsupportingRepublicanPartycandidatesinitseditorialstobecomingmorepoliticallyindependentandanalytical.[31]In1884,thepapersupportedDemocratGroverCleveland(formermayorofBuffaloandgovernorofNewYork)inhisfirstpresidentialcampaign.[32]WhilethismovecostTheNewYorkTimesaportionofitsreadershipamongitsmoreRepublicanreaders(revenuedeclinedfrom$188,000to$56,000from1883to1884),thepapereventuallyregainedmostofitslostgroundwithinafewyears.[33] Ochsera AfterGeorgeJonesdiedin1891,CharlesRansomMillerandotherNewYorkTimeseditorsraised$1 million(equivalentto$30millionin2021)tobuytheTimes,printingitundertheNewYorkTimesPublishingCompany.[34][35]ThenewspaperfounditselfinafinancialcrisisbythePanicof1893,[33]andby1896,thenewspaperhadacirculationoflessthan9,000andwaslosing$1,000aday.Thatyear,AdolphOchs,thepublisheroftheChattanoogaTimes,gainedacontrollinginterestinthecompanyfor$75,000.[36] Shortlyafterassumingcontrolofthepaper,Ochscoinedthepaper'sslogan,"AllTheNewsThat'sFitToPrint".ThesloganhasappearedinthepapersinceSeptember1896,[37]andhasbeenprintedinaboxintheupperlefthandcornerofthefrontpagesinceearly1897.[32]Thesloganwasajabatcompetingpapers,suchasJosephPulitzer'sNewYorkWorldandWilliamRandolphHearst'sNewYorkJournal,whichwereknownforalurid,sensationalistandofteninaccuratereportingoffactsandopinions,describedbytheendofthecenturyas"yellowjournalism".[38]UnderOchs'guidance,aidedbyCarrVanAnda,TheNewYorkTimesachievedinternationalscope,circulation,andreputation;Sundaycirculationwentfromunder9,000in1896to780,000in1934.[36]VanAndaalsocreatedthenewspaper'sphotolibrary,nowcolloquiallyreferredtoas"themorgue."[39]In1904,duringtheRusso-JapaneseWar,TheNewYorkTimes,alongwithTheTimes,receivedthefirston-the-spotwirelesstelegraphtransmissionfromanavalbattle:areportofthedestructionoftheRussianNavy'sBalticFleet,attheBattleofPortArthur,fromthepress-boatHaimun.[40]In1910,thefirstairdeliveryofTheNewYorkTimestoPhiladelphiabegan.[32]In1919,TheNewYorkTimes'firsttrans-AtlanticdeliverytoLondonoccurredbydirigibleballoon.In1920,duringthe1920RepublicanNationalConvention,a"4A.M.AirplaneEdition"wassenttoChicagobyplane,soitcouldbeinthehandsofconventiondelegatesbyevening.[41] Post-warexpansion TheNewYorkTimesnewsroom,1942 Ochsdiedin1935[42]andwassucceededaspublisherbyhisson-in-law,ArthurHaysSulzberger.[43]Underhisleadership,andthatofhisson-in-law(andsuccessor),[44]OrvilDryfoos,[45]thepaperextendeditsbreadthandreach,beginninginthe1940s.Thecrosswordbeganappearingregularlyin1942,andthefashionsectionfirstappearedin1946.TheNewYorkTimesbegananinternationaleditionin1946.(Theinternationaleditionstoppedpublishingin1967,whenTheNewYorkTimesjoinedtheownersoftheNewYorkHeraldTribuneandTheWashingtonPosttopublishtheInternationalHeraldTribuneinParis.) Afteronlytwoyearsaspublisher,Dryfoosdiedin1963[46]andwassucceeded[47]byhisbrother-in-law,ArthurOchs"Punch"Sulzberger,wholedtheTimesuntil1992andcontinuedtheexpansionofthepaper.[48] NewYorkTimesv.Sullivan(1964) Mainarticle:NewYorkTimesCo.v.Sullivan Thepaper'sinvolvementina1964libelcasehelpedbringoneofthekeyUnitedStatesSupremeCourtdecisionssupportingfreedomofthepress,NewYorkTimesCo.v.Sullivan.Init,theUnitedStatesSupremeCourtestablishedthe"actualmalice"standardforpressreportsaboutpublicofficialsorpublicfigurestobeconsidereddefamatoryorlibelous.Themalicestandardrequirestheplaintiffinadefamationorlibelcasetoprovethepublisherofthestatementknewthestatementwasfalseoractedinrecklessdisregardofitstruthorfalsity.Becauseofthehighburdenofproofontheplaintiff,anddifficultyprovingmaliciousintent,suchcasesbypublicfiguresrarelysucceed.[49] ThePentagonPapers(1971) Mainarticle:PentagonPapers In1971,thePentagonPapers,asecretUnitedStatesDepartmentofDefensehistoryoftheUnitedStates'politicalandmilitaryinvolvementintheVietnamWarfrom1945to1967,weregiven("leaked")toNeilSheehanofTheNewYorkTimesbyformerStateDepartmentofficialDanielEllsberg,withhisfriendAnthonyRussoassistingincopyingthem.TheNewYorkTimesbeganpublishingexcerptsasaseriesofarticlesonJune13.Controversyandlawsuitsfollowed.Thepapersrevealed,amongotherthings,thatthegovernmenthaddeliberatelyexpandeditsroleinthewarbyconductingairstrikesoverLaos,raidsalongthecoastofNorthVietnam,andoffensiveactionsweretakenbytheU.S.Marineswellbeforethepublicwastoldabouttheactions,allwhilePresidentLyndonB.Johnsonhadbeenpromisingnottoexpandthewar.ThedocumentincreasedthecredibilitygapfortheU.S.government,andhurteffortsbytheNixonadministrationtofighttheongoingwar.[50] WhenTheNewYorkTimesbeganpublishingitsseries,PresidentRichardNixonbecameincensed.HiswordstoNationalSecurityAdvisorHenryKissingerincluded"Peoplehavegottabeputtothetorchforthissortofthing"and"Let'sgettheson-of-a-bitchinjail."[51]AfterfailingtogetTheNewYorkTimestostoppublishing,AttorneyGeneralJohnMitchellandPresidentNixonobtainedafederalcourtinjunctionthatTheNewYorkTimesceasepublicationofexcerpts.Thenewspaperappealedandthecasebeganworkingthroughthecourtsystem. OnJune18,1971,TheWashingtonPostbeganpublishingitsownseries.BenBagdikian,aPosteditor,hadobtainedportionsofthepapersfromEllsberg.ThatdaythePostreceivedacallfromWilliamRehnquist,anassistantU.S.AttorneyGeneralfortheOfficeofLegalCounsel,askingthemtostoppublishing.WhenthePostrefused,theU.S.JusticeDepartmentsoughtanotherinjunction.TheU.S.Districtcourtjudgerefused,andthegovernmentappealed. OnJune26,1971,theU.S.SupremeCourtagreedtotakebothcases,mergingthemintoNewYorkTimesCo.v.UnitedStates.[52]OnJune30,1971,theSupremeCourtheldina6–3decisionthattheinjunctionswereunconstitutionalpriorrestraintsandthatthegovernmenthadnotmettheburdenofproofrequired.Thejusticeswrotenineseparateopinions,disagreeingonsignificantsubstantiveissues.WhileitwasgenerallyseenasavictoryforthosewhoclaimtheFirstAmendmentenshrinesanabsoluterighttofreespeech,manyfeltitalukewarmvictory,offeringlittleprotectionforfuturepublisherswhenclaimsofnationalsecuritywereatstake.[50] Late1970s–1990s Inthe1970s,thepaperintroducedanumberofnewlifestylesections,includingWeekendandHome,withtheaimofattractingmoreadvertisersandreaders.Manycriticizedthemoveforbetrayingthepaper'smission.[53]OnSeptember7,1976,thepaperswitchedfromaneight-columnformattoasix-columnformat.Theoverallpagewidthstayedthesame,witheachcolumnbecomingwider.[54]OnSeptember14,1987,theTimesprintedtheheaviest-evernewspaper,atover12pounds(5.4 kg)and1,612pages.[55] In1992,"Punch"Sulzbergersteppeddownaspublisher;hisson,ArthurOchsSulzbergerJr.,succeededhim,firstaspublisher[56]andthenaschairmanoftheboardin1997.[57]TheTimeswasoneofthelastnewspaperstoadoptcolorphotography,withthefirstcolorphotographonthefrontpageappearingonOctober16,1997.[58] Digitalera Earlydigitalcontent AspeechinthenewsroomafterannouncementofPulitzerPrizewinners,2009 TheNewYorkTimesswitchedtoadigitalproductionprocesssometimebefore1980,butonlybeganpreservingtheresultingdigitaltextthatyear.[59]In1983,theTimessoldtheelectronicrightstoitsarticlestoLexisNexis.Astheonlinedistributionofnewsincreasedinthe1990s,theTimesdecidednottorenewthedealandin1994thenewspaperregainedelectronicrightstoitsarticles.[60]OnJanuary22,1996,NYTimes.combeganpublishing.[61] 2000s InAugust2007,thepaperreducedthephysicalsizeofitsprintedition,cuttingthepagewidthfrom13.5inches(34 cm)toa12inches(30 cm).Thisfollowedsimilarmovesbyarosterofothernewspapersintheprevioustenyears,includingUSAToday,TheWallStreetJournal,andTheWashingtonPost.Themoveresultedina5%reductioninnewsspace,but(inaneraofdwindlingcirculationandsignificantadvertisingrevenuelosses)alsosavedabout$12millionayear.[62][63] InSeptember2008,TheNewYorkTimesannouncedthatitwouldbecombiningcertainsectionseffectiveOctober6,2008,ineditionsprintedintheNewYorkmetropolitanarea.[62]ThechangesfoldedtheMetroSectionintothemainInternational/NationalnewssectionandcombinedSportsandBusiness(exceptSaturdaythroughMonday,whileSportscontinuestobeprintedasastandalonesection).ThischangealsoincludedhavingtheMetrosectioncalledNewYorkoutsideoftheTri-StateArea.ThepressesusedbyTheNewYorkTimescanallowfoursectionstobeprintedsimultaneously;asthepaperincludesmorethanfoursectionsonalldaysexceptforSaturday,thesectionswererequiredtobeprintedseparatelyinanearlypressrunandcollatedtogether.ThechangesallowedTheNewYorkTimestoprintinfoursectionsMondaythroughWednesday,inadditiontoSaturday.TheNewYorkTimes'announcementstatedthatthenumberofnewspagesandemployeepositionswouldremainunchanged,withthepaperrealizingcostsavingsbycuttingovertimeexpenses.[14] Becauseofitsdecliningsaleslargelyattributedtotheriseofonlinenewssources,favoredespeciallybyyoungerreaders,andthedeclineofadvertisingrevenue,thenewspaperhadbeengoingthroughadownsizingforseveralyears,offeringbuyoutstoworkersandcuttingexpenses,[64]incommonwithageneraltrendamongprintnewsmedia.Followingindustrytrends,itsweekdaycirculationhadfallenin2009tofewerthanonemillion.[65] In2009,thenewspaperbeganproductionoflocalinsertsinregionsoutsideoftheNewYorkarea.BeginningOctober16,2009,atwo-page"BayArea"insertwasaddedtocopiesoftheNorthernCaliforniaeditiononFridaysandSundays.ThenewspapercommencedproductionofasimilarFridayandSundayinserttotheChicagoeditiononNovember20,2009.Theinsertsconsistoflocalnews,policy,sports,andculturepieces,usuallysupportedbylocaladvertisements. 2010s InDecember2012,theTimespublished"SnowFall",asix-partarticleaboutthe2012TunnelCreekavalanchewhichintegratedvideos,photos,andinteractivegraphicsandwashailedasawatershedmomentforonlinejournalism.[66][67] In2013,"HowY’all,YouseandYouGuysTalk,"aninteractivequizcreatedbyinternJoshKatz,[68]basedontheHarvardDialectSurvey,whichcollectedresponsesofmorethan50,000peopleanswering122questionsaboutthewaytheysaiddifferentthingsacrosstheUnitedStates[69]becametheTimesmostpopularpieceofcontentoftheyear.[68] In2016,reportersforthenewspaperwerereportedlythetargetofcybersecuritybreaches.TheFederalBureauofInvestigationwasreportedlyinvestigatingtheattacks.Thecybersecuritybreacheshavebeendescribedaspossiblybeingrelatedtocyberattacksthattargetedotherinstitutions,suchastheDemocraticNationalCommittee.[70] Duringthe2016presidentialelection,theTimesplayedanimportantroleinelevatingtheHillaryClintonemailscontroversyintothemostimportantsubjectofmediacoverageintheelectionwhichClintonwouldlosenarrowlytoDonaldTrump.Thecontroversyreceivedmoremediacoveragethananyothertopicduringthepresidentialcampaign.[71][72][73]Clintonandotherobserversarguethatcoverageoftheemailscontroversycontributedtoherlossintheelection.[74]AccordingtoaColumbiaJournalismReviewanalysis,"injustsixdays,TheNewYorkTimesranasmanycoverstoriesaboutHillaryClinton'semailsastheydidaboutallpolicyissuescombinedinthe69daysleadinguptotheelection(andthatdoesnotincludethethreeadditionalarticlesonOctober18,andNovember6and7,orthetwoarticlesontheemailstakenfromJohnPodesta)."[71] InOctober2018,theTimespublisheda14,218-wordinvestigationintoDonaldTrump's"self-made"fortuneandtaxavoidance,an18-monthprojectbasedonexaminationof100,000pagesofdocuments.Theextensivearticleranasaneight-pagefeatureintheprinteditionandalsowasadaptedintoashortened2,500wordlisticlefeaturingitskeytakeaways.[75]Afterthemidweekfront-pagestory,theTimesalsorepublishedthepieceasa12-page"specialreport"sectionintheSundaypaper.[76]Duringthelengthyinvestigation,ShowtimecamerasfollowedtheTimes'threeinvestigativereportersforahalf-hourdocumentarycalledTheFamilyBusiness:TrumpandTaxes,whichairedthefollowingSunday.[77][78][79]ThereportwonaPulitzerPrizeforExplanatoryReporting.[80] InMay2019,TheNewYorkTimesannouncedthatitwouldpresentatelevisionnewsprogrambasedonnewsfromitsindividualreportersstationedaroundtheworldandthatitwouldpremiereonFXandHulu.[81] 2020s InAugust2021,thepaperannouncedaneffortthatwouldmake18ofitsnewslettersavailableonlytosubscribers,eventhoughsomeofthemostpopularoneswouldremainfree.PartofthiswasinresponsetocompetitionfromSubstack.[82][83][84][85][86] InJanuary2022,TheNewYorkTimesCompanyannouncedthatitwouldacquireTheAthletic,asubscription-basedsportsnewswebsite.The$550milliondealisexpectedtocloseinthefirstquarterof2022,andTheAthletic'sco-founders,AlexMatherandAdamHansmann,wouldstaywiththepublication,whichwouldcontinuetoberunseparatelyfromtheTimes.[87][88]Recode/Voxreportedthatthisacquisitionwaspartofaneffortforthepapertogetayounger,morediversereadership,aswereofferingslikegames,cooking,andaudio.[89]Thesamemonth,thepaperannounceditwasacquiringWordle,arelativelynewgamethatbecamepopularratherquicklyandthatwouldremainfree"initially."[90][91][92][93][94][95] Headquartersbuilding Thenewspaper'sfirstbuildingwaslocatedat113NassauStreetinNewYorkCity.In1854,itmovedto138NassauStreet,andin1858to41ParkRow,makingitthefirstnewspaperinNewYorkCityhousedinabuildingbuiltspecificallyforitsuse.[96] ThenewspapermoveditsheadquarterstotheTimesTower,locatedat1475Broadwayin1904,[97]inanareathencalledLongacreSquare,thatwaslaterrenamedTimesSquareinthenewspaper'shonor.[98]Thetopofthebuilding –nowknownasOneTimesSquare –isthesiteoftheNewYear'sEvetraditionofloweringalightedball,whichwasbegunbythepaper.[99]Thebuildingisalsoknownforitselectronicnewsticker –popularlyknownas"TheZipper" –whereheadlinescrawlaroundtheoutsideofthebuilding.[100]Itisstillinuse,buthasbeenoperatedbyDowJones&Companysince1995.[101]AfternineyearsinitsTimesSquaretower,thenewspaperhadanannexbuiltat229West43rdStreet.[102]Afterseveralexpansions,the43rdStreetbuildingbecamethenewspaper'smainheadquartersin1960andtheTimesToweronBroadwaywassoldthefollowingyear.[103]Itservedasthenewspaper'smainprintingplantuntil1997,whenthenewspaperopenedastate-of-the-artprintingplantintheCollegePointsectionofQueens.[104] Adecadelater,TheNewYorkTimesmoveditsnewsroomandbusinessesheadquartersfromWest43rdStreettoanewtowerat620EighthAvenuebetweenWest40thand41stStreets,inManhattan –directlyacrossEighthAvenuefromthePortAuthorityBusTerminal.Thenewheadquartersforthenewspaper,knownofficiallyasTheNewYorkTimesBuildingbutunofficiallycalledthenew"TimesTower"bymanyNewYorkers,isaskyscraperdesignedbyRenzoPiano.[105][106] Genderdiscriminationinemployment Discriminatorypracticesusedbythepaperlongrestrictedwomeninappointmentstoeditorialpositions.Thenewspaper'sfirstgeneralfemalereporterwasJaneGrant,whodescribedherexperienceafterward:"InthebeginningIwaschargednottorevealthefactthatafemalehadbeenhired".OtherreportersnicknamedherFluffandshewassubjectedtoconsiderablehazing.Becauseofhergender,anypromotionwasoutofthequestion,accordingtothethen-managingeditor.Sheremainedonthestaffforfifteenyears,interruptedbyWorldWarI.[107] In1935,AnneMcCormickwrotetoArthurHaysSulzberger:"Ihopeyouwon'texpectmetorevertto'woman's-point-of-view'stuff."[108]Later,sheinterviewedmajorpoliticalleadersandappearstohavehadeasieraccessthanhercolleagues.Evenwitnessesofheractionswereunabletoexplainhowshegainedtheinterviewsshedid.[109]CliftonDanielsaid,"[AfterWorldWarII,]I'msureAdenauercalledherupandinvitedhertolunch.Sheneverhadtogrovelforanappointment."[110] Coveringworldleaders'speechesafterWorldWarIIattheNationalPressClubwaslimitedtomenbyaclubrule.Whenwomenwereeventuallyallowedtohearthespeechesdirectly,theywerestillnotallowedtoaskthespeakersquestions.Menwereallowedanddidask,eventhoughsomeofthewomenhadwonPulitzerPrizesforpriorwork.[111]TimesreporterMaggieHunterrefusedtoreturntotheclubaftercoveringonespeechonassignment.[112]NanRobertson'sarticleontheUnionStockYards,Chicago,wasreadaloudasanonymousbyaprofessor,whothensaid:"'Itwillcomeasasurprisetoyou,perhaps,thatthereporterisagirl,'hebegan...[G]asps;amazementintheranks.'Shehadusedallhersenses,notjusthereyes,toconveythesmellandfeelofthestockyards.Shechoseadifficultsubject,anoffensivesubject.Herimagerywasstrongenoughtorevoltyou.'"[113]TheNewYorkTimeshiredKathleenMcLaughlinaftertenyearsattheChicagoTribune,where"[s]hedidaseriesonmaids,goingoutherselftoapplyforhousekeepingjobs."[114] Slogan TheNewYorkTimeshashadoneslogan.Since1896,thenewspaper'ssloganhasbeen"AlltheNewsThat'sFittoPrint."In1896,AdolphOchsheldacompetitiontoattempttofindareplacementslogan,offeringa$100prizeforthebestone.Thoughhelaterannouncedthattheoriginalwouldnotbechanged,theprizewouldstillbeawarded.Entriesincluded"News,NotNausea";"InOneWord:Adequate";"NewsWithoutNoise";"OutHeraldsTheHerald,InformsTheWorld,andExtinguishesTheSun";"ThePublicPressisaPublicTrust";andthewinnerofthecompetition,"Alltheworld'snews,butnotaschoolforscandal."[115][116][117][118]OnMay10,1960,WrightPatmanaskedtheFTCtoinvestigatewhetherTheNewYorkTimes'ssloganwasmisleadingorfalseadvertising.Within10days,theFTCrespondedthatitwasnot.[119] Againin1996,acompetitionwasheldtofindanewslogan,thistimeforNYTimes.com.Over8,000entriesweresubmitted,with"AlltheNewsThat'sFittoPrint"foundtobethebest.[120] Organization TheNewYorkTimesheadquarters,620EighthAvenueMeredithKopitLevienhasbeenpresidentandchiefexecutiveofficersinceSeptember2020.[121] Newsstaff InadditiontoitsNewYorkCityheadquarters,thepaperhasnewsroomsinLondonandHongKong.[122][123]ItsParisnewsroom,whichhadbeentheheadquartersofthepaper'sinternationaledition,wasclosedin2016,althoughthecityremainshometoanewsbureauandanadvertisingoffice.[124][125]ThepaperalsohasaneditingandwireservicecenterinGainesville,Florida.[126] Asof2013[update],thenewspaperhadsixnewsbureausintheNewYorkregion,14elsewhereintheUnitedStates,and24inothercountries.[127] In2009,RussStanton,editoroftheLosAngelesTimes,acompetitor,statedthatthenewsroomofTheNewYorkTimeswastwicethesizeoftheLosAngelesTimes,whichhadanewsroomof600atthetime.[128] Tofacilitatetheirreportingandtohastenanotherwiselengthyprocessofreviewingmanydocumentsduringpreparationforpublication,theirinteractivenewsteamhasadaptedopticalcharacterrecognitiontechnologyintoaproprietarytoolknownasDocumentHelper.[129]Itenablestheteamtoacceleratetheprocessingofdocumentsthatneedtobereviewed.DuringMarch2019,theydocumentedthatthistoolenabledthemtoprocess900documentsinlessthantenminutesinpreparationforreporterstoreviewthecontents.[130] Thenewspaper'seditorialstaff,includingover3,000reportersandmediastaff,areunionizedwithNewsGuild.In2021,theTimes'sdigitaltechnologystaffformedaunionwithNewsGuild,[131]whichthecompanydeclinedtovoluntarilyrecognize.[132] Ochs-Sulzbergerfamily In1896,AdolphOchsboughtTheNewYorkTimes,amoney-losingnewspaper,andformedtheNewYorkTimesCompany.TheOchs-Sulzbergerfamily,oneoftheUnitedStates'newspaperdynasties,hasownedTheNewYorkTimeseversince.[32]ThepublisherwentpubliconJanuary14,1969,tradingat$42ashareontheAmericanStockExchange.[133]Afterthis,thefamilycontinuedtoexertcontrolthroughitsownershipofthevastmajorityofClassBvotingshares.ClassAshareholdersarepermittedrestrictivevotingrights,whileClassBshareholdersareallowedopenvotingrights. TheOchs-Sulzbergerfamilytrustcontrolsroughly88percentofthecompany'sclassBshares.Anyalterationtothedual-classstructuremustberatifiedbysixofeightdirectorswhositontheboardoftheOchs-Sulzbergerfamilytrust.ThetrustboardmembersareDanielH.Cohen,JamesM.Cohen,LynnG.Dolnick,SusanW.Dryfoos,MichaelGolden,EricM.A.Lax,ArthurO.SulzbergerJr.,andCathyJ.Sulzberger.[134] TurnerCatledge,thetopeditoratTheNewYorkTimesfrom1952to1968,wantedtohidetheownershipinfluence.ArthurSulzbergerroutinelywrotememostohiseditor,eachcontainingsuggestions,instructions,complaints,andorders.WhenCatledgewouldreceivethesememos,hewoulderasethepublisher'sidentitybeforepassingthemtohissubordinates.Catledgethoughtthatifheremovedthepublisher'snamefromthememos,itwouldprotectreportersfromfeelingpressuredbytheowner.[135] Publiceditors Thepositionofpubliceditorwasestablishedin2003to"investigatemattersofjournalisticintegrity";eachpubliceditorwastoserveatwo-yearterm.[136]Thepost"wasestablishedtoreceivereadercomplaintsandquestionTimesjournalistsonhowtheymakedecisions."[137]TheimpetusforthecreationofthepubliceditorpositionwastheJaysonBlairaffair.Publiceditorswere:DanielOkrent(2003–2005),ByronCalame(2005–2007),ClarkHoyt(2007–2010)(servedanextrayear),ArthurS.Brisbane(2010–2012),MargaretSullivan(2012–2016)(servedafour-yearterm),andElizabethSpayd(2016–2017).In2017,theTimeseliminatedthepositionofpubliceditor.[137] Content Editorialstance TheeditorialpagesofTheNewYorkTimesaretypicallyliberalintheirposition.[138][139]Inmid-2004,thenewspaper'sthenpubliceditor(ombudsman),DanielOkrent,wrotethat"theOp-Edpageeditorsdoanevenhandedjobofrepresentingarangeofviewsintheessaysfromoutsiderstheypublish–butyouneedanawfullyheavycounterweighttobalanceapagethatalsobearstheworkofsevenopinionatedcolumnists,onlytwoofwhomcouldbeclassifiedasconservative(and,eventhen,oftheconservativesubspeciesthatsupportslegalizationofgayunionsand,inthecaseofWilliamSafire,opposessomecentralprovisionsofthePatriotAct)."[140] TheNewYorkTimeshasnotendorsedaRepublicanPartymemberforpresidentsinceDwightD.Eisenhowerin1956;since1960,ithasendorsedtheDemocraticPartynomineeineverypresidentialelection(seeNewYorkTimespresidentialendorsements).[141]TheNewYorkTimesdidendorseincumbentmoderateRepublicanmayorsofNewYorkCityRudyGiulianiin1997,[142]andMichaelBloombergin2005and2009.[143]TheTimesalsoendorsedRepublicanNewYorkstategovernorGeorgePatakiforre-electionin2002.[144] Style UnlikemostU.S.dailynewspapers,theTimesreliesonitsownin-housestylebookratherthanTheAssociatedPressStylebook.Whenreferringtopeople,TheNewYorkTimesgenerallyuseshonorificsratherthanunadornedlastnames(exceptinthesportspages,popculturecoverage,[145]BookReviewandMagazine).[146] TheNewYorkTimesprintedadisplayadvertisementonitsfirstpageonJanuary6,2009,breakingtraditionatthepaper.[147]Theadvertisement,forCBS,wasincolorandrantheentirewidthofthepage.[148]Thenewspaperpromiseditwouldplacefirst-pageadvertisementsononlythelowerhalfofthepage.[147] InAugust2014,theTimesdecidedtousetheword"torture"todescribeincidentsinwhichinterrogators"inflictedpainonaprisonerinanefforttogetinformation."Thiswasashiftfromthepaper'spreviouspracticeofdescribingsuchpracticesas"harsh"or"brutal"interrogations.[149] Thepapermaintainsastrictprofanitypolicy.A2007reviewofaconcertbythepunkbandFuckedUp,forexample,completelyavoidedmentionofthegroup'sname.[150]TheTimeshasonoccasionpublishedunfilteredvideocontentthatincludesprofanityandslurswhereithasdeterminedthatsuchvideohasnewsvalue.[151]Duringthe2016U.S.presidentialelectioncampaign,theTimesdidprintthewords"fuck"and"pussy,"amongothers,whenreportingonthevulgarstatementsmadebyDonaldTrumpina2005recording.Then-TimespoliticseditorCarolynRyansaid:"It'sararethingforustousethislanguageinourstories,eveninquotes,andwediscusseditatlength."Ryansaidthepaperultimatelydecidedtopublishitbecauseofitsnewsvalueandbecause"[t]oleaveitoutorsimplydescribeitseemedawkwardandlessthanforthrighttous,especiallygiventhatwewouldberunningavideothatshowedourreadersexactlywhatwassaid."[152] Products Printnewspaper Intheabsenceofamajorheadline,theday'smostimportantstorygenerallyappearsinthetop-rightcolumn,onthemainpage.ThetypefacesusedfortheheadlinesarecustomvariationsofCheltenham.Therunningtextissetat8.7pointImperial.[153][154] Thenewspaperisorganizedintothreesections,includingthemagazine: News:IncludesInternational,National,Washington,Business,Technology,Science,Health,Sports,TheMetroSection,Education,Weather,andObituaries. Opinion:IncludesEditorials,Op-edsandLetterstotheEditor. Features:IncludesArts,Movies,Theater,Travel,NYCGuide,Food,Home&Garden,Fashion&Style,Crossword,TheNewYorkTimesBookReview,T:TheNewYorkTimesStyleMagazine,TheNewYorkTimesMagazine,andSundayReview. Somesections,suchasMetro,areonlyfoundintheeditionsofthepaperdistributedintheNewYork–NewJersey–ConnecticutTri-stateareaandnotinthenationalorWashington,D.C.,editions.[155]Asidefromaweeklyroundupofreprintsofeditorialcartoonsfromothernewspapers,TheNewYorkTimesdoesnothaveitsownstaffeditorialcartoonist,nordoesitfeatureacomicspageorSundaycomicssection.[156] From1851to2017,TheNewYorkTimespublishedaround60,000printissuescontainingabout3.5 millionpagesand15 millionarticles.[59] Monday-to-Fridaycirculation[157] LikemostotherAmericannewspapers,[158]TheNewYorkTimeshasexperiencedadeclineincirculation.Itsprintedweekdaycirculationdroppedby50percentto540,000copiesfrom2005to2017.[157] InternationalEdition TheNewYorkTimesInternationalEditionisaprintversionofthepapertailoredforreadersoutsidetheUnitedStates.FormerlyajointventurewithTheWashingtonPostnamedTheInternationalHeraldTribune,TheNewYorkTimestookfullownershipofthepaperin2002andhasgraduallyintegrateditmorecloselyintoitsdomesticoperations. Website TheNewYorkTimesbeganpublishingdailyontheWorldWideWebonJanuary22,1996,"offeringreadersaroundtheworldimmediateaccesstomostofthedailynewspaper'scontents."[159]Thewebsitehad555millionpageviewsand15millionuniquevisitorsinMarch2005.[160]ByMarch2020,thishadrisento2.5billionpageviewsand240millionuniquevisitors.[161] AsofMay 2009[update],nytimes.comproduced22ofthe50mostpopularnewspaperblogs.[162] AsofAugust2020,thecompanyhad6.5 millionpaidsubscribers,outofwhich5.7 millionweresubscribedtoitsdigitalcontent.IntheperiodApril–June2020,itadded669,000newdigitalsubscribers.[163] Foodsection Thefoodsectionissupplementedonthewebbypropertiesforhomecooksandforout-of-homedining.TheNewYorkTimesCooking(cooking.nytimes.com;alsoavailableviaiOSapp)providesaccesstomorethan17,000recipesonfileasofNovember2016[update],[164]andavailabilityofsavingrecipesfromothersitesaroundtheweb.Thenewspaper'srestaurantsearch(nytimes.com/reviews/dining)allowsonlinereaderstosearchNYCarearestaurantsbycuisine,neighborhood,price,andreviewerrating.TheNewYorkTimeshasalsopublishedseveralcookbooks,includingTheEssentialNewYorkTimesCookbook:ClassicRecipesforaNewCentury,publishedinlate2010. TimesSelect InSeptember2005,thepaperdecidedtobeginsubscription-basedservicefordailycolumnsinaprogramknownasTimesSelect,whichencompassedmanypreviouslyfreecolumns.Untilbeingdiscontinuedtwoyearslater,TimesSelectcost$7.95permonthor$49.95peryear,[165]thoughitwasfreeforprintcopysubscribersanduniversitystudentsandfaculty.[166][167]Toavoidthischarge,bloggersoftenrepostedTimesSelectmaterial,[168]andatleastonesiteoncecompiledlinksofreprintedmaterial.[169] OnSeptember17,2007,TheNewYorkTimesannouncedthatitwouldstopchargingforaccesstopartsofitsWebsite,effectiveatmidnightthefollowingday,reflectingagrowingviewintheindustrythatsubscriptionfeescannotoutweighthepotentialadrevenuefromincreasedtrafficonafreesite.[170] TimescolumnistsincludingNicholasKristofandThomasFriedmanhadcriticizedTimesSelect,[171]withFriedmangoingsofarastosay"Ihateit.Itpainsmeenormouslybecauseit'scutmeofffromalot,alotofpeople,especiallybecauseIhavealotofpeoplereadingmeoverseas,likeinIndia...Ifeeltotallycutofffrommyaudience."[172] Paywallanddigitalsubscriptions In2007,inadditiontoopeningalmosttheentiresitetoallreaders,TheNewYorkTimesnewsarchivesfrom1987tothepresentweremadeavailableatnochargetonon-subscribers,[173]aswellasthosefrom1851to1922,whichareinthepublicdomain.[174] Fallingprintadvertisingrevenueandprojectionsofcontinueddeclineresultedina"meteredpaywall"beinginstitutedinMarch2011,limitingnon-subscriberstoamonthlyallotmentof20freeon-linearticlespermonth.[175][176]Thismeasurewasregardedasmodestlysuccessfulaftergarneringseveralhundredthousandsubscriptionsandabout$100millioninrevenueasofMarch 2012[update].[177][178] BeginninginApril2012,thenumberoffree-accessarticleswashalvedfrom20to10articlespermonth.[178]Anyreaderwhowantedtoaccessmorewouldhavetopayforadigitalsubscription.Thisplanallowedfreeaccessforoccasionalreaders.Digitalsubscriptionratesforfourweeksrangedfrom$15to$35dependingonthepackageselected,withperiodicnewsubscriberpromotionsofferingfour-weekall-digitalaccessforaslowas99¢.Subscriberstothepaper'sprinteditiongotfullaccesswithoutanyadditionalfee.Somecontent,suchasthefrontpageandsectionfrontsremainedfree,aswellastheTopNewspageonmobileapps.InJanuary2013,TheNewYorkTimes'PublicEditorMargaretM.Sullivanannouncedthatforthefirsttimeinmanydecades,thepapergeneratedmorerevenuethroughsubscriptionsthanthroughadvertising.[179] InDecember2017,thenumberoffreearticlespermonthwasreducedfrom10to5,thefirstchangetothemeteredpaywallsinceApril2012.[180]AnexecutiveofTheNewYorkTimesCompanystatedthatthedecisionwasmotivatedby"anall-timehigh"inthedemandforjournalism.[180]AdigitalsubscriptiontoTheNewYorkTimescost$16amonthin2017.[180]AsofDecember2017[update],TheNewYorkTimeshadatotalof3.5millionpaidsubscriptionsinbothprintanddigitalversions,andabout130millionmonthlyreaders,morethandoubleitsaudiencetwoyearspreviously.[181]InFebruary2018,TheNewYorkTimesCompanyreportedincreasedrevenuefromthedigital-onlysubscriptions,adding157,000newsubscriberstoatotalof2.6milliondigital-onlysubscribers.Digitaladvertisingalsosawgrowthduringthisperiod.Atthesametime,advertisingfortheprintversionofthejournalfell.[182][183] Mobilepresence Apps In2008,TheNewYorkTimeswasmadeavailableasanappfortheiPhoneandiPodTouch;[184]aswellaspublishinganiPadappin2010.[185][186]Theappalloweduserstodownloadarticlestotheirmobiledeviceenablingthemtoreadthepaperevenwhentheywereunabletoreceiveasignal.[187]AsofOctober 2010[update],TheNewYorkTimesiPadappisad-supportedandavailableforfreewithoutapaidsubscription,buttranslatedintoasubscription-basedmodelin2011.[185] In2010,TheNewYorkTimeseditorscollaboratedwithstudentsandfacultyfromNewYorkUniversity'sStudio20JournalismMastersprogramtolaunchandproduce"TheLocalEastVillage",ahyperlocalblogdesignedtooffernews"by,forandabouttheresidentsoftheEastVillage".[188]Thatsameyear,reCAPTCHAhelpedtodigitizeoldeditionsofTheNewYorkTimes.[189] In2010,thenewspaperalsolaunchedanappforAndroidsmartphones,followedlaterbyanappforWindowsPhones.[190] Moreover,theTimeswasthefirstnewspapertoofferavideogameaspartofitseditorialcontent,FoodImportFollybyPersuasiveGames.[191] TheTimesReader TheTimesReaderisadigitalversionofTheNewYorkTimes,createdviaacollaborationbetweenthenewspaperandMicrosoft.TimesReadertakestheprinciplesofprintjournalismandappliesthemtothetechniqueofonlinereporting,usingaseriesoftechnologiesdevelopedbyMicrosoftandtheirWindowsPresentationFoundationteam.ItwasannouncedinSeattleinApril2006,byArthurOchsSulzbergerJr.,BillGates,andTomBodkin.[192] In2009,theTimesReader2.0wasrewritteninAdobeAIR.[193]InDecember2013,thenewspaperannouncedthattheTimesReaderappwouldbediscontinuedasofJanuary6,2014,urgingreadersoftheapptoinsteadbeginusingthesubscription-onlyToday'sPaperapp.[194] Podcasts TheNewYorkTimesbeganproducingpodcastsin2006.AmongtheearlypodcastswereInsideTheTimesandInsideTheNewYorkTimesBookReview.SeveraloftheTimes'podcastswerecancelledin2012.[195][196] TheTimesreturnedtolaunchingnewpodcastsin2016,includingModernLovewithWBUR.[197]OnJanuary30,2017,TheNewYorkTimeslaunchedanewspodcast,TheDaily.[198][199]InOctober2018,NYTdebutedTheArgumentwithopinioncolumnistsRossDouthat,MichelleGoldbergandDavidLeonhardt.Itisaweeklydiscussionaboutasingleissueexplainedfromtheleft,center,andrightofthepoliticalspectrum.[200] Non-Englishversions Chinese-language InJune2012,TheNewYorkTimesintroduceditsfirstofficialforeign-languagevariant,cn.nytimes.com,aChinese-languagenewssiteviewableinbothtraditionalandsimplifiedChinesecharacters.TheprojectwasledbyCraigS.SmithonthebusinesssideandPhilipP.Panontheeditorialside,[201]withcontentcreatedbystaffbasedinShanghai,Beijing,andHongKong,thoughtheserverwasplacedoutsideofChinatoavoidcensorshipissues.[202] Thesite'sinitialsuccesswasinterruptedinOctoberthatyearfollowingthepublicationofaninvestigativearticle[b]byDavidBarbozaaboutthefinancesofChinesePremierWenJiabao'sfamily.[203]Inretaliationforthearticle,theChinesegovernmentblockedaccesstobothnytimes.comandcn.nytimes.cominsidethePeople'sRepublicofChina(PRC). DespiteChinesegovernmentinterference,theChinese-languageoperationscontinuedtodevelop,brieflyaddingasecondsite,cn.nytstyle.com,iOSandAndroidapps,andnewsletters,someofwhichareaccessibleinsidethePRC.TheChinaoperationsalsoproduceprintpublicationsinChinese.Traffictocn.nytimes.com,meanwhile,hasrisenduetothewidespreaduseofVPNtechnologyinthePRCandtoagrowingChineseaudienceoutsidemainlandChina.[204]TheNewYorkTimesarticlesarealsoavailabletousersinChinaviatheuseofmirrorwebsites,apps,domesticnewspapers,andsocialmedia.[204][205]TheChineseplatformsnowrepresentoneofTheNewYorkTimes'topfivedigitalmarketsglobally.Theeditor-in-chiefoftheChineseplatformsisChing-ChingNi.[206] TheNewYorkTimesenEspañol(Spanish-language) BetweenFebruary2016andSeptember2019,TheNewYorkTimeslaunchedastandaloneSpanish-languageedition,TheNewYorkTimesenEspañol.TheSpanish-languageversionfeaturedincreasedcoverageofnewsandeventsinLatinAmericaandSpain.TheexpansionintoSpanishlanguagenewscontentallowedthenewspapertoexpanditsaudienceintotheSpanishspeakingworldandincreaseitsrevenue.TheSpanish-languageversionwasseenasawaytocompetewiththeestablishedElPaísnewspaperofSpain,whichbillsitselfthe"globalnewspaperinSpanish."[207]ItsSpanishversionhasateamofjournalistsinMexicoCityaswellascorrespondentsinVenezuela,Brazil,Argentina,Miami,andMadrid,Spain.[208][209]ItwasdiscontinuedinSeptember2019,citinglackoffinancialsuccessasthereason.[210] InMarch2013,TheNewYorkTimesandNationalFilmBoardofCanadaannouncedapartnershiptitledAShortHistoryoftheHighrise,whichwillcreatefourshortdocumentariesfortheInternetaboutlifeinhighrisebuildingsaspartoftheNFB'sHighriseproject,utilizingimagesfromthenewspaper'sphotoarchivesforthefirstthreefilms,anduser-submittedimagesforthefinalfilm.[211]ThethirdprojectintheShortHistoryoftheHighriseserieswonaPeabodyAwardin2013.[212] TimesMachine TheTimesMachineisaweb-basedarchiveofscannedissuesofTheNewYorkTimesfrom1851through2002.[213] UnlikeTheNewYorkTimesonlinearchive,theTimesMachinepresentsscannedimagesoftheactualnewspaper.[214]Allnon-advertisingcontentcanbedisplayedonaper-storybasisinaseparatePDFdisplaypageandsavedforfuturereference.[215]ThearchiveisavailabletoTheNewYorkTimessubscribers,whetherviahomedeliveryordigitalaccess.[213] –––––––––––––––––––– SelectedarchivalaccesstoTheNewYorkTimes→LCCN sn78-4456(viaChroniclingAmerica;publicdomain) ISSN 0362-4331(viaProQuest),OCLC 1645522(alleditions),858655519→viaProQuest,7764137(microfilm),69647843(microfilm,Internationaled.) TimesMachine(everyissuepublishedbeforeDecember31,2002) Newspapers.com(1851–1922). Interruptions Becauseofholidays,noeditionswereprintedonNovember23,1851;January2,1852;July4,1852;January2,1853;andJanuary1,1854.[216] Becauseofstrikes,theregulareditionofTheNewYorkTimeswasnotprintedduringthefollowingperiods:[217] September19,1923,toSeptember26,1923.AnunauthorizedlocalunionstrikepreventedthepublicationofseveralNewYorkpapers,amongthemTheNewYorkTimes.Duringthisperiod"TheCombinedNewYorkMorningNewspapers,"werepublishedwithsummariesofthenews.[218] December12,1962,toMarch31,1963.Onlyawesterneditionwasprintedbecauseofthe1962–63NewYorkCitynewspaperstrike.[218] September17,1965,toOctober10,1965.Aninternationaleditionwasprinted,andaweekendeditionreplacedtheSaturdayandSundaypapers. August10,1978,toNovember5,1978.Themulti-union1978NewYorkCitynewspaperstrikeshutdownthethreemajorNewYorkCitynewspapers.NoeditionsofTheNewYorkTimeswereprinted.[216]Twomonthsintothestrike,aparodyofTheNewYorkTimescalledNotTheNewYorkTimeswasdistributedinthecity,withcontributorssuchasCarlBernstein,ChristopherCerf,TonyHendraandGeorgePlimpton.[219] Thenewspaper'swebsitewashackedonAugust29,2013,bytheSyrianElectronicArmy,ahackinggroupthatsupportsthegovernmentofSyrianPresidentBasharal-Assad.TheSEAmanagedtopenetratethepaper'sdomainnameregistrar,MelbourneIT,andalterDNSrecordsforTheNewYorkTimes,puttingsomeofitswebsitesoutofserviceforhours.[220] Controversies Thisarticle'sCriticismorControversysectionmaycompromisethearticle'sneutralpointofviewofthesubject.Pleaseintegratethesection'scontentsintothearticleasawhole,orrewritethematerial.(October2021) Mainarticle:ListofcontroversiesinvolvingTheNewYorkTimes WalterDuranty'sHolodomorcoverageandPulitzer WalterDuranty,whoservedasitsMoscowbureauchieffrom1922through1936,hasbeencriticizedforaseriesofstoriesin1931ontheSovietUnionandwonaPulitzerPrizeforhisworkatthattime.Criticismroseforhisdenialofwidespreadfamine,mostparticularlyHolodomor,afamineinSovietUkraineinthe1930sinwhichhesummarizedRussianpropaganda,andtheTimespublished,asfact:"Conditionsarebad,butthereisnofamine".[221][222][223][224][225] In2003,afterthePulitzerBoardbeganarenewedinquiry,theTimeshiredMarkvonHagen,professorofRussianhistoryatColumbiaUniversity,toreviewDuranty'swork.VonHagenfoundDuranty'sreportstobeunbalancedanduncritical,andthattheyfartoooftengavevoicetoStalinistpropaganda.Incommentstothepresshestated,"ForthesakeofTheNewYorkTimes'honor,theyshouldtaketheprizeaway."[226]TheUkrainianWeeklycoveredtheeffortstorescindDuranty'sprize.[227][228]TheTimeshassincemadeapublicstatementandthePulitzercommitteehasdeclinedtorescindtheawardtwicestating,"...Mr.Duranty's1931work,measuredbytoday'sstandardsforforeignreporting,fallsseriouslyshort.Inthatregard,theBoard'sviewissimilartothatofTheNewYorkTimesitself...".[228][229] WorldWarII JeroldAuerbach,aGuggenheimFellowandFulbrightLecturer,wroteinPrinttoFit,TheNewYorkTimes,ZionismandIsrael,1896-2016[230]thatitwasofutmostimportancetoAdolphOchs,thefirstJewishownerofthepaper,thatinspiteofthepersecutionofJewsinGermany,TheTimes,throughitsreporting,shouldneverbeclassifiedasa"Jewishnewspaper".[231] AfterOchs'deathin1935,hisson-in-lawArthurHaysSulzbergerbecamethepublisherofTheNewYorkTimesandmaintainedtheunderstandingthatnoreportingshouldreflectonTheTimesasaJewishnewspaper.SulzburgersharedOchs'concernsaboutthewayJewswereperceivedinAmericansociety.HisapprehensionsaboutjudgementweremanifestedpositivelybyhisstrongfidelitytotheUnitedStates.Atthesametime,withinthepagesofTheNewYorkTimes,SulzburgerrefusedtobringattentiontoJews,includingtherefusaltoidentifyJewsasmajorvictimsofNazigenocide.Instead,manyreportsofNazi-orderedslaughteridentifiedJewishvictimsas"persons."TheTimesevenopposedtherescueofJewishrefugees.[232] OnNovember14,2001,inTheNewYorkTimes'150th-anniversaryissue,inanarticleentitled"TurningAwayFromtheHolocaust,"formerexecutiveeditorMaxFrankelwrote: Andthentherewasfailure:nonegreaterthanthestaggering,stainingfailureofTheNewYorkTimestodepictHitler'smethodicalexterminationoftheJewsofEuropeasahorrorbeyondallotherhorrorsinWorldWarII–aNaziwarwithinthewarcryingoutforillumination.[233] AccordingtoFrankel,harshjudgesofTheNewYorkTimes"haveblamed'self-hatingJews'and'anti-Zionists'amongthepaper'sownersandstaff."FrankelrespondedtothiscriticismbydescribingthefragilesensibilitiesoftheJewishownersofTheNewYorkTimes: Then,too,papersownedbyJewishfamilies,likeTheTimes,wereplainlyafraidtohaveasocietythatwasstillwidelyanti-SemiticmisreadtheirpassionateoppositiontoHitlerasamerelyparochialcause.EvensomeleadingJewishgroupshedgedtheirappealsforrescuelesttheybeaccusedofwantingtodivertwartimeenergies. AtTheTimes,thereluctancetohighlightthesystematicslaughterofJewswasundoubtedlyinfluencedbytheviewsofthepublisher,ArthurHaysSulzberger.HebelievedstronglyandpubliclythatJudaismwasareligion,notaraceornationality–thatJewsshouldbeseparateonlyinthewaytheyworshiped.Hethoughttheyneedednostateorpoliticalandsocialinstitutionsoftheirown.HewenttogreatlengthstoavoidhavingTheTimesbrandedaJewishnewspaper.HeresentedotherpublicationsforemphasizingtheJewishnessofpeopleinthenews.[233] Inthesamearticle,FrankelquotesLaurelLeff,associateprofessorofjournalismatNortheasternUniversity,whoin2000haddescribedhowthenewspaperdownplayedNaziGermany'stargetingofJewsforgenocide.[234] November1942wasacriticalmonthforAmericanJews.Afterseveralmonthsofdelay,theU.S.StateDepartmenthadconfirmedalreadypublishedinformationthatGermanywasengagedinthesystematicexterminationofEuropeanJews.Newspaperreportsputthedeathtollatonemillionanddescribedthe"mostruthlessmethods,"includingmassgassingsatspecialcamps.[234] YetatthebeginningofNovember1942,SulzbergerlobbiedU.S.governmentofficialsagainstthefoundingofahomelandforJewstoescapeto.TheTimeswassilentonthematterofanincreaseinU.S.immigrationquotastopermitmoreJewstoenter,and"activelysupportedtheBritishGovernment'srestrictiononlegalimmigrationtoPalestineevenasthepersecutionofJewsintensified".[234]SulzbergerdescribedJewsasbeingofnomoreconcerntoNaziGermanythanRomanCatholicpriestsorChristianministers,andthatJewscertainlywerenotsingledoutforextermination.[234] Leff's2005bookBuriedbytheTimesdocumentsthepaper'stendencybefore,during,andafterWorldWarIItoplacedeepinsideitsdailyeditionsthenewsstoriesabouttheongoingpersecutionandexterminationofJews,whileobscuringinthosestoriesthespecialimpactoftheNazis'crimesonJewsinparticular.LeffattributesthisdearthinparttothecomplexpersonalandpoliticalviewsofSulzberger,concerningJewishness,antisemitism,andZionism.[235] Accusationsofliberalbias In2004,thenewspaper'spubliceditorDanielOkrentsaidinanopinionpiecethatTheNewYorkTimesdidhavealiberalbiasinnewscoverageofcertainsocialissuessuchasabortionandsame-sexmarriage.[140]Hestatedthatthisbiasreflectedthepaper'scosmopolitanism,whicharosenaturallyfromitsrootsasahometownpaperofNewYorkCity,writingthatthecoverageoftheTimes'sArts&Leisure;Culture;andtheSundayTimesMagazinetrendtotheleft.[140]Ifyou'reexaminingthepaper'scoverageofthesesubjectsfromaperspectivethatisneitherurbannorNortheasternnorculturallyseen-it-all;ifyouareamongthegroupsTheTimestreatsasstrangeobjectstobeexaminedonalaboratoryslide(devoutCatholics,gunowners,OrthodoxJews,Texans);ifyourvaluesystemwouldn'twearwellonacompositeNewYorkTimesjournalist,thenawalkthroughthispapercanmakeyoufeelyou'retravelinginastrangeandforbiddingworld.TimespubliceditorArthurBrisbanewrotein2012:[236]WhenTheTimescoversanationalpresidentialcampaign,Ihavefoundthattheleadeditorsandreportersaredisciplinedaboutenforcingfairnessandbalance,andusuallysucceedindoingso.Acrossthepaper'smanydepartments,though,somanyshareakindofpoliticalandculturalprogressivism—forlackofabetterterm—thatthisworldviewvirtuallybleedsthroughthefabricofTheTimes.TheNewYorkTimespubliceditor(ombudsman)ElizabethSpaydwrotein2016that"Conservativesandevenmanymoderates,seeinTheTimesablue-stateworldview"andaccuseitofharboringaliberalbias.SpayddidnotanalyzethesubstanceoftheclaimbutdidopinethattheTimesis"partofafracturingmediaenvironmentthatreflectsafracturedcountry.Thatinturnleadsliberalsandconservativestowardseparatenewssources."[237]TimesexecutiveeditorDeanBaquetstatedthathedoesnotbelievecoveragehasaliberalbias:[237]WehavetobereallycarefulthatpeoplefeelliketheycanseethemselvesinTheNewYorkTimes.Iwantustobeperceivedasfairandhonesttotheworld,notjustasegmentofit.It'sareallydifficultgoal.Dowepullitoffallthetime?No. JaysonBlairplagiarism(2003) Mainarticle:JaysonBlair§ Plagiarismandfabricationscandal InMay2003,TheNewYorkTimesreporterJaysonBlairwasforcedtoresignfromthenewspaperafterhewascaughtplagiarizingandfabricatingelementsofhisstories.SomecriticscontendedthatAfrican-AmericanBlair'sracewasamajorfactorinhishiringandinTheNewYorkTimes'initialreluctancetofirehim.[238] IraqWar(2003–06) Mainarticle:JudithMiller§ TheIraqWar TheTimessupportedthe2003invasionofIraq.[239]OnMay26,2004,morethanayearafterthewarstarted,thenewspaperassertedthatsomeofitsarticleshadnotbeenasrigorousastheyshouldhavebeen,andwereinsufficientlyqualified,frequentlyoverlydependentuponinformationfromIraqiexilesdesiringregimechange.[240] TheNewYorkTimesadmitted"ArticlesbasedondireclaimsaboutIraqtendedtogetprominentdisplay,whilefollow-uparticlesthatcalledtheoriginalonesintoquestionweresometimesburied.Insomecases,therewasnofollow-upatall."Thepapersaiditwasencouragedtoreporttheclaimsby"UnitedStatesofficialsconvincedoftheneedtointerveneinIraq".[241] TheNewYorkTimeswasinvolvedinasignificantcontroversyregardingtheallegationssurroundingIraqandweaponsofmassdestructioninSeptember2002.[242]Afront-pagestorywasauthoredbyJudithMillerwhichclaimedthattheIraqigovernmentwasintheprocessofdevelopingnuclearweaponswaspublished.[243]Miller'sstorywascitedbyofficialssuchasCondoleezzaRice,ColinPowell,andDonaldRumsfeldaspartofacampaigntocommissiontheIraqWar.[244]OneofMiller'sprimesourceswasAhmedChalabi,anIraqiexpatriatewhoreturnedtoIraqaftertheU.S.invasionandheldanumberofgovernmentalpositionsculminatinginactingoilministeranddeputyprimeministerfromMay2005untilMay2006.[245][246][247][248]In2005,negotiatingaprivateseverancepackagewithSulzberger,Millerretiredaftercriticismsthatherreportingofthelead-uptotheIraqWarwasfactuallyinaccurateandoverlyfavorabletothepositionoftheBushadministration,forwhichTheNewYorkTimeslaterapologized.[249][250] Israeli–Palestinianconflict A2003studyintheHarvardInternationalJournalofPress/PoliticsconcludedthatTheNewYorkTimesreportingwasmorefavorabletoIsraelisthantoPalestinians.[251]A2002studypublishedinthejournalJournalismexaminedMiddleEastcoverageoftheSecondIntifadaoveraone-monthperiodinTheNewYorkTimes,TheWashingtonPostandtheChicagoTribune.ThestudyauthorssaidthattheTimeswas"themostslantedinapro-Israelidirection"withabias"reflected...initsuseofheadlines,photographs,graphics,sourcingpractices,andleadparagraphs."[252] ForitscoverageoftheIsraeli–Palestinianconflict,some(suchasEdKoch)haveclaimedthatthepaperispro-Palestinian,whileothers(suchasAs'adAbuKhalil)haveclaimedthatitispro-Israel.[253][254]TheIsraelLobbyandU.S.ForeignPolicy,bypoliticalscienceprofessorsJohnMearsheimerandStephenWalt,allegesTheNewYorkTimessometimescriticizesIsraelipoliciesbutisnoteven-handedandisgenerallypro-Israel.[255]In2009,theSimonWiesenthalCentercriticizedthenewspaperforprintingcartoonsregardingtheIsraeli-Palestinianconflictthatweredescribedas"hideouslyanti-Semitic".[256] IsraeliPrimeMinisterBenjaminNetanyahurejectedaproposaltowriteanarticleforthepaperongroundsoflackofobjectivity.ApieceinwhichThomasFriedmancommentedthatpraisegiventoNetanyahuduringaspeechattheU.S.Congresswas"paidforbytheIsraellobby"elicitedanapologyandclarificationfromitsauthor.[257] Reputation TheTimeshasdevelopedanationalandinternational"reputationforthoroughness".[258]Amongjournalists,thepaperisheldinhighregard;a1999surveyofnewspapereditorsconductedbytheColumbiaJournalismReviewfoundthattheTimeswasthe"best"Americanpaper,aheadofTheWashingtonPost,TheWallStreetJournal,andLosAngelesTimes.[259][260]TheTimesalsowasranked#1ina2011"quality"rankingofU.S.newspapersbyDanieldeViseofTheWashingtonPost;theobjectiverankingtookintoaccountthenumberofrecentPulitzerPrizeswon,circulation,andperceivedWebsitequality.[260]A2012reportinWNYCcalledtheTimes"themostrespectednewspaperintheworld."[261] Nevertheless,likemanyotherU.S.mediasources,theTimeshassufferedfromadeclineinpublicperceptionsofcredibilityintheU.S.intheearly21stcentury.[262]APewResearchCentersurveyin2012askedrespondentsabouttheirviewsoncredibilityofvariousnewsorganizations.Amongrespondentswhogavearating,49%saidthattheybelieved"allormost"oftheTimes'sreporting,while50%disagreed.Alargepercentage(19%)ofrespondentswereunabletoratebelievability.TheTimes'sscorewascomparabletothatofUSAToday.[262]MediaanalystBrookeGladstoneofWNYC'sOntheMedia,writingforTheNewYorkTimes,saysthatthedeclineinU.S.publictrustofthemassmediacanbeexplained(1)bytheriseofthepolarizedInternet-drivennews;(2)byadeclineintrustinU.S.institutionsmoregenerally;and(3)bythefactthat"Americanssaytheywantaccuracyandimpartiality,butthepollssuggestthat,actually,mostofusareseekingaffirmation."[263] Awards Mainarticle:ListofawardswonbytheNewYorkTimes TheNewYorkTimeshaswon132PulitzerPrizes,morethananyothernewspaper.Theprizeisawardedforexcellenceinjournalisminarangeofcategories.[264] Ithasalso,asof2014[update],wonthreePeabodyAwardsandjointlyreceivedtwo.[265]PeabodyAwardsaregivenforaccomplishmentsintelevision,radio,andonlinemedia. 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^"Scholarlyvs.PopularSources".YaleUniversityCenterforTeachingandLearning.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonNovember30,2016.RetrievedFebruary8,2017. ^"America'sBestNewspapers".ColumbiaJournalismReview.November–December1999.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonDecember11,2003. ^abdeVise,Daniel(October4,2011)."Whatiftherankersrankednewspapers?".WashingtonPost.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonFebruary28,2017.RetrievedFebruary8,2017. ^Bennett,Jessica(May7,2012)."InsidetheNewYorkTimes'PhotoMorgue,APossibleNewLifeforPrint".WNYCNews.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonFebruary11,2017.RetrievedFebruary8,2017. ^ab"FurtherDeclineinCredibilityRatingsforMostNewsOrganizations".PewResearchCenterforthePeopleandthePress.August16,2012.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonJanuary18,2017.RetrievedJanuary27,2017. ^Gladstone,Brooke(December21,2015)."'Trust'intheNewsMediaHasCometoMeanAffirmation".TheNewYorkTimes.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonFebruary11,2017.RetrievedFebruary13,2017. 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Furtherreading Davis,ElmerHolmes(1921).HistoryoftheNewYorkTimes,1851–1921.TheNewYorkTimes. Schwarz,DanielR.(January2,2014).EndTimes?CrisesandTurmoilatTheNewYorkTimes,1999-2009.Albany:SUNYPress.ISBN 978-1-4384-3896-2.OCLC 802059662. Salisbury,HarrisonE.(1980).WithoutFearorFavor:TheNewYorkTimesandItsTimes(First ed.).NewYork:TimesBooks.ISBN 978-0-8129-0885-5. Taylor,S.J.(March29,1990).Stalin'sApologist:WalterDuranty:TheNewYorkTimes'sManinMoscow(1st ed.).NewYork:OxfordUniversityPress.ISBN 978-0-19-505700-3. Externallinks NewYorkTimesatWikipedia'ssisterprojectsMediafromCommonsNewsfromWikinewsQuotationsfromWikiquoteTextsfromWikisource Officialwebsite OfficialTorsite:nytimesn7cgmftshazwhfgzm37qxb44r64ytbb2dj3x62d2lljsciiyd.onion(Accessinglinkhelp)[1] Curatedcollectionofmostpre-1923issuesatOnlineBooksPage WorksbyoraboutTheNewYorkTimesatInternetArchive(archives) WorksbyTheNewYorkTimesatLibriVox(publicdomainaudiobooks) "New+York+Times",Core.ac.uk,Openaccessresearchpapers TheNewYorkTimesonTwitter ArticlesandtopicsrelatedtoTheNewYorkTimes vteTheNewYorkTimesCompanyPeople A.G.Sulzberger(Chairman) MeredithKopitLevien(PresidentandCEO) DeanBaquet JosephKahn Newspapers TheNewYorkTimes TheNewYorkTimesInternationalEdition TheNewYorkTimesInternationalWeekly Magazines TheNewYorkTimesMagazine TheNewYorkTimesBookReview Play T:TheNewYorkTimesStyleMagazine Blogsandpodcasts Caliphate TheDaily DotEarth TheStone StillProcessing Gamesandpuzzles TheNewYorkTimescrosswordpuzzle TheNewYorkTimesSpellingBee Wordle Otherassets DonohueMalbaieInc. TheNewYorkTimesSyndicate&NewsService TheTakeaway TimesBooks TheUpshot Wirecutter Fulllist Publishers AdolphOchs ArthurHaysSulzberger OrvilDryfoos ArthurOchs"Punch"Sulzberger ArthurOchsSulzbergerJr. A.G.Sulzberger Headquarters NewYorkTimesBuilding(41ParkRow)(1889–1903) OneTimesSquare(1903–1913) TheTimesSquareBuilding(1913–2007) TheNewYorkTimesBuilding(2007–present) Relatedarticles Anonymouspublications BestSellerlist U.S.presidentialendorsements Awards PulitzerPrizes Listofemployees Controversies CarlosSlim(largestshareholder) NotTheNewYorkTimes(parody) vteCurrentWhiteHouseJamesS.BradyPressBriefingRoomseatingchartRowPodium 1234567 NBCNewsWallStreetJournalPoliticoMSNBC/CNBC/TelemundoBloombergBNAWashingtonExaminerBostonGlobe/WashingtonBlade FoxNewsCBSNewsRadioAPRadio/PBSVOATimeYahoo!NewsDailyCaller/EWTN CBSNewsBloombergNewsMcClatchyNYPost/TheGrioWashingtonTimesSalemRadio/CBNCheddarNews/HearstTV APNPRForeignpoolTheHillRegionalsNewsmaxGrayTV/SpectrumNews 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StaffofTheNewYorkTimes (1999) DianaB.Henriques (NYT) (1999) 2000 IantheJeanneDugan (2000) LawrenceMessina (HM) (2000) GeraldLoebAwardforDeadlineorBeatWriting(2002)2002 RebeccaSmith (2002shared) JohnEmshwiller (2002shared) GeraldLoebAwardforDeadlineWriting(2003–2007)2003–2007 RebeccaBlumenstein (2003shared) GregoryZuckerman (2003shared) JaredSandberg (2003shared) ShawnYoung (2003shared) SusanPulliam (2003shared) DeborahSolomon (2003shared) CarrickMollenkamp (2003shared) SusanneCraig (2004shared) IantheJeanneDugan (2004shared) TheoFrancis (2004shared) KateKelly (2004shared) AndrewRossSorkin (2005shared) SteveLohr (2005shared) DavidBarboza (2005shared) GaryRivlin (2005shared) JohnMarkoff (2005shared) MaureenMilford (2006shared) TedGriffith (2006shared) LuladeyB.Tadesse (2006shared) RobinBrown (2006shared) GarySoulsman (2006shared) ChristopherYasiejko (2006shared) MicheleBesso (2006shared) StevenChurch (2006shared) JeffMontgomery (2006shared) PeterBothum (2006shared) AnnDavis (2007shared) HennySender (2007shared) GregoryZuckerman (2007shared) GeraldLoebAwardforBeatWriting(2001,2003–2010)2001;2003–2009 RebeccaSmith (2001) StephenLabaton (2003) J.LynnLunsford (2004shared) AndyPasztor (2004shared) AnneMarieSqueo (2004shared) EllenE.Schultz (2005shared) TheoFrancis (2005shared) GeetaAnand (2006) HeatherLandy (2007) KateKelly (2008shared) SerenaNg (2008shared) SusanneCraig (2008shared) DavidReilly (2008shared) CharlesDuhigg (HM) (2008) RickRothacker (2009shared) GretchenMorgenson (2009shared) 2010 RalphVartabedian (2010shared) KenBensinger (2010shared) GeraldLoebAwardforBeatReporting(2011–2021)2011–2019 DanielGolden (2011shared) JohnHechinger (2011shared) JohnLauerman (2011shared) JohnFauber (2012) TomBergin (2013) IvanPenn (2014) EricLipton (2015shared) BenProtess (2015shared) NicholasConfessore (2015shared) BrookeWilliams (2015shared) JohnCarreyrou (2016shared) MichaelSiconolfi (2016shared) ChristopherWeaver (2016shared) DavidZahniser (2017shared) EmilyAlpertReyes (2017shared) JoeFox (2017shared) LenDeGroot (2017shared) JuliaAngwin (2018shared) JeLarson (2018shared) ArianaTobin (2018shared) MadeleineVarner (2018shared) NoamScheiber (2018shared) HannesGrassegger (2018shared) RanjaniChakraborty (2019shared) PeterGosselin (2019shared) ArianaTobin (2019shared) 2020–2021 DominicGates (2020shared) MikeBaker (2020shared) SteveMiletich (2020shared) LewisKamb (2020shared) KatherineBlunt (2020shared) RussellGold (2020shared) RebeccaSmith (2020shared) RenéeRigdon (2020shared) YarynaSerkez (2020shared) DaveCole (2020shared) JennAbelson (2021shared) AbhaBhattarai (2021shared) NicoleDungca (2021shared) PatienceHaggin (2021shared) KimberlyKindy (2021shared) RobertKlemko (2021shared) MerylKornfield (2021shared) CaraLombardo (2021shared) DanaMattioli (2021shared) ShaneShifflett (2021shared) TaylorTelford (2021shared) vtePulitzerPrizeforBreakingNewsReporting(1985–2000) ThomasTurcol(1985) EdnaBuchanan(1986) AkronBeaconJournal(1987) AlabamaJournal/LawrenceEagle-Tribune(1988) LouisvilleCourier-Journal(1989) SanJoseMercuryNews(1990) MiamiHerald(1991) Newsday(1992) LosAngelesTimes(1993) NewYorkTimes(1994) LosAngelesTimes(1995) RobertD.McFadden(1996) Newsday(1997) LosAngelesTimes(1998) HartfordCourant(1999) DenverPost(2000) Completelist (1985–2000) (2001–2025) *From1985to1990:PulitzerPrizeforGeneralNewsReporting;From1991to1997:PulitzerPrizeforSpotNewsReporting;From1998topresent:PulitzerPrizeforBreakingNewsReporting vtePulitzerPrizeforBreakingNewsReporting(2001–2025) MiamiHerald(2001) WallStreetJournal(2002) Eagle-Tribune(2003) LosAngelesTimes(2004) Star-Ledger(2005) Times-Picayune(2006) Oregonian(2007) WashingtonPost(2008) TheNewYorkTimes(2009) SeattleTimes(2010) TheTuscaloosaNews(2012) TheDenverPost(2013) TheBostonGlobe(2014) TheSeattleTimes(2015) LosAngelesTimes(2016) EastBayTimes(2017) ThePressDemocrat(2018) PittsburghPost-Gazette(2019) TheCourier-Journal(2020) TheStarTribune(2021) MiamiHerald(2022) Completelist (1985–2000) (2001–2025) vtePulitzerPrizeforExplanatoryReportingAsPulitzerPrizeforExplanatoryJournalism(1985–1997)1985–1989 JonFranklin (1985) StaffofTheNewYorkTimes (1986) JeffLyon (1987shared) PeterGorne (1987shared) DanielHertzberg (1988shared) JamesB.Stewart (1988shared) DavidHanners (1989shared) WilliamSnyder (1989shared) KarenBlessen (1989shared) 1990–1997 DavidA.Vise (1990shared) SteveColl (1990shared) SusanC.Faludi (1991) RobertS.Capers (1992shared) EricLipton (1992shared) MikeToner (1993) RonaldKotulak (1994) LeonDash (1995shared) LucianPerkins (1995shared) LaurieGarrett (1996) MichaelVitez (1997shared) AprilSaul (1997shared) RonCortes (1997shared) AsPulitzerPrizeforExplanatoryReporting(1998–present)1998–1999 PaulSalopek (1998) RichardRead (1999) 2000–2009 EricNewhouse (2000) StaffoftheChicagoTribune (2001) StaffofTheNewYorkTimes (2002) StaffofTheWallStreetJournal (2003) KevinHelliker (2004shared) ThomasM.Burton (2004shared) GarethCook (2005) DavidFinkel (2006) KennethR.Weiss (2007shared) UshaLeeMcFarling (2007shared) RickLoomis (2007shared) AmyHarmon (2008) BettinaBoxall (2009shared) JulieCart (2009shared) 2010–2020 MichaelMoss (2010shared) StaffofTheNewYorkTimes (2010shared) MarkJohnson (2011shared) KathleenGallagher (2011shared) GaryPorter (2011shared) LouSaldivar (2011shared) AlisonSherwood (2011shared) DavidKocieniewski (2012) StaffofTheNewYorkTimes (2013shared) DavidBarboza (2013shared) CharlesDuhigg (2013shared) DavidKocieniewski (2013shared) SteveLohr (2013shared) JohnMarkoff (2013shared) DavidSegal (2013shared) DavidStreitfeld (2013shared) HirokoTabuchi (2013shared) BillVlasic (2013shared) EliSaslow (2014) ZacharyR.Mider (2015) T.ChristianMiller (2016shared) KenArmstrong (2016shared) InternationalConsortiumofInvestigativeJournalists (2017shared) McClatchy (2017shared) MiamiHerald (2017shared) StaffofTheArizonaRepublic (2018shared) StaffofUSATodayNetwork (2018shared) DavidBarstow (2019shared) SusanneCraig (2019shared) RussBuettne (2019shared) StaffofTheWashingtonPost (2020) 2021–2030 EdYong (2021) AndrewChung,LawrenceHurley,AndreaJanuta,JaimiDowdellandJackieBotts (2021) QuantaMagazine/NatalieWolchover (2022) vtePulitzerPrizeforInternationalReportingAsPulitzerPrizeforTelegraphicReporting-International(1942–1947)1942–1947 LaurenceEdmundAllen (1942) IraWolfert (1943) DanielDeLuce (1944) MarkS.Watson (1945) HomerBigart (1946) EddyGilmore (1947) AsPulitzerPrizeforInternationalReporting(1948–present)1948–1949 PaulW.Ward (1948) PriceDay (1949) 1950–1959 EdmundStevens (1950) KeyesBeech (1951shared) HomerBigart (1951shared) MargueriteHiggins (1951shared) RelmanMorin (1951shared) FredSparks (1951shared) DonWhitehead (1951shared) JohnM.Hightower (1952) AustinWehrwein (1953) JimG.Lucas (1954) HarrisonE.Salisbury (1955) WilliamRandolphHearstJr. (1956shared) J.Kingsbury-Smith (1956shared) FrankConniff (1956shared) RussellJones (1957) StaffofTheNewYorkTimes (1958) JosephMartin (1959shared) PhilipSantora (1959shared) 1960–1969 A.M.Rosenthal (1960) LynnHeinzerling (1961) WalterLippmann (1962) HalHendrix (1963) MalcolmW.Browne (1964shared) DavidHalberstam (1964shared) J.A.Livingston (1965) PeterArnett (1966) R.JohnHughes (1967) AlfredFriendly (1968) WilliamTuohy (1969) 1970–1979 SeymourM.Hersh (1970) JimmieLeeHoagland (1971) PeterR.Kann (1972) MaxFrankel (1973) HedrickSmith (1974) WilliamMullen (1975shared) OvieCarter (1975shared) SydneyH.Schanberg (1976) HenryKamm (1978) RichardBenCramer (1979) 1980–1989 JoelBrinkley (1980shared) JayMather (1980shared) ShirleyChristian (1981) JohnDarnton (1982) ThomasL.Friedman (1983shared) LorenJenkins (1983shared) KarenElliottHouse (1984shared) JoshuaFriedman (1985shared) DennisBell (1985shared) OzierMuhammad (1985shared) LewisM.Simons (1986shared) PeteCarey (1986shared) KatherineEllison (1986shared) MichaelParks (1987) ThomasL.Friedman (1988) BillKeller (1989shared) GlennFrankel (1989shared) 1990–1999 NicholasD.Kristof (1990shared) SherylWuDunn (1990shared) CaryleMurphy (1991shared) SergeSchmemann (1991shared) PatrickJ.Sloyan (1992) JohnF.Burns (1993shared) RoyGutman (1993shared) StaffofTheDallasMorningNews (1994) MarkFritz (1995) DavidRohde (1996) JohnF.Burns (1997) StaffofTheNewYorkTimes (1998) StaffofTheWallStreetJournal (1999) 2000–2009 MarkSchoofs (2000) IanDenisJohnson (2001shared) PaulSalopek (2001shared) BarryBearak (2002) KevinSullivan (2003shared) MaryJordan (2003shared) AnthonyShadid (2004) KimMurphy (2005shared) DeleOlojede (2005shared) JosephKahn (2006shared) JimYardley (2006shared) StaffofTheWallStreetJournal (2007) SteveFainaru (2008) StaffofTheNewYorkTimes (2009) 2010–2020 AnthonyShadid (2010) CliffordJ.Levy (2011shared) EllenBarry (2011shared) JeffreyGettleman (2012) DavidBarboza (2013) JasonSzep (2014shared) AndrewR.C.Marshall (2014shared) StaffofTheNewYorkTimes (2015) AlissaJ.Rubin (2016) StaffofTheNewYorkTimes (2017) ClareBaldwin (2018shared) AndrewR.C.Marshall (2018shared) ManuelMogato (2018shared) MaggieMichael,Maadal-ZikryandNarimanEl-Mofty,StaffofReuters,withnotablecontributionsfromWaLoneandKyawSoeOo(2019) StaffofTheNewYorkTimes(2020) vtePulitzerPrizeforNationalReportingAsPulitzerPrizeforTelegraphicReporting–National(1942-1947)1942–1947 LouisStark (1942) DeweyL.Fleming (1944) JamesReston (1945) EdwardA.Harris (1946) EdwardT.Folliard (1947) AsPulitzerPrizeforNationalReporting(1948-present)1948–1949 BertAndrews (1948shared) NatS.Finney (1948shared) C.P.Trussell (1949) 1950–1959 EdwinO.Guthman (1950) AnthonyLeviero (1952) DonWhitehead (1953) RichardWilson (1954) AnthonyLewis (1955) CharlesL.Bartlett (1956) JamesReston (1957) ClarkMollenhoff (1958shared) RelmanMorin (1958shared) HowardVanSmith (1959) 1960–1969 VanceTrimble (1960) EdwardR.Cony (1961) NathanG.Caldwell (1962shared) GeneS.Graham (1962shared) AnthonyLewis (1963) MerrimanSmith (1964) LouisM.KohlmeierJr. (1965) HaynesJohnson (1966) StanleyPenn (1967shared) MonroeKarmin (1967shared) NathanK.(Nick)Kotz (1968shared) HowardJames (1968shared) RobertCahn (1969) 1970–1979 WilliamJ.Eaton (1970) LucindaFranks (1971) JackAnderson (1972) RobertBoyd (1973shared) ClarkHoyt (1973shared) JackWhite (1974shared) JamesR.Polk (1974shared) DonaldL.Barlett (1975shared) JamesB.Steele (1975shared) JamesV.Risser (1976) WalterMears (1977) GaylordD.Shaw (1978) JamesV.Risser (1979) 1980–1989 BetteSwensonOrsini (1980shared) CharlesStafford (1980shared) JohnM.Crewdson (1981) RickAtkinson (1982) TheBostonGlobe (1983) JohnNobleWilford (1984) ThomasJ.Knudson (1985) CraigFlournoy (1986shared) GeorgeRodrigues (1986shared) ArthurHowe (1986shared) StaffofTheMiamiHerald (1987shared) StaffofTheNewYorkTimes (1987shared) TimWeiner (1988) DonaldL.Barlett (1989shared) JamesB.Steele (1989shared) 1990–1999 RossAnderson (1990shared) BillDietrich (1990shared) MaryAnnGwinn (1990shared) EricNalder (1990shared) MarjieLundstrom (1991shared) RochelleSharpe (1991shared) GannettNewsService (1991shared) JeffTaylor (1992shared) MikeMcGraw (1992shared) TheKansasCityStar (1992shared) DavidMaraniss (1993) EileenWelsome (1994) TonyHorwitz (1995) AlixM.Freedman (1996) StaffofTheWallStreetJournal (1997) RussellCarollo (1998shared) JeffNesmith (1998shared) StaffofTheNewYorkTimes (1999) JeffGerth (1999) 2000–2009 StaffofTheWallStreetJournal (2000) StaffofTheNewYorkTimes (2001) StaffofTheWashingtonPost (2002) AlanMiller (2003shared) KevinSack (2003shared) StaffofLosAngelesTimes (2004shared) WaltBogdanich (2005) JamesRisen (2006shared) EricLichtblau (2006shared) StaffofTheSanDiegoUnion-Tribune (2006shared) StaffofCopleyNewsService (2006shared) MarcusStern (2006shared) JerryKammer (2006shared) CharlieSavage (2007) JoBecker (2008shared) BartonGellman (2008shared) StaffofSt.PetersburgTimes (2009) 2010-2020 MattRichtel (2010shared) StaffofTheNewYorkTimes (2010shared) JesseEisinger (2011shared) JakeBernstein (2011shared) DavidWood (2012) LisaSong (2013shared) ElizabethMcGowan (2013shared) DavidHasemyer (2013shared) DavidPhilipps (2014) CarolD.Leonnig (2015) StaffofTheWashingtonPost (2016) DavidFahrenthold (2017) StaffofTheNewYorkTimes (2018shared) StaffofTheWashingtonPost (2018shared) StaffofTheWallStreetJournal (2019) DominicGates,SteveMiletich,MikeBakerandLewisKambofTheSeattleTimes,T.ChristianMiller,MeganRoseandRobertFaurtechiofProPublica (2020shared) vtePulitzerPrizeforPublicService1918–1925 NewYorkTimes(1918) MilwaukeeJournal(1919) BostonPost(1921) NewYorkWorld(1922) MemphisCommercialAppeal(1923) NewYorkWorld(1924) 1926–1950 ColumbusEnquirerSun(1926) CantonDailyNews(1927) IndianapolisTimes(1928) NewYorkEveningWorld(1929) AtlantaConstitution(1931) IndianapolisNews(1932) NewYorkWorld-Telegram(1933) MedfordMailTribune(1934) TheSacramentoBee(1935) CedarRapidsGazette(1936) St.LouisPost-Dispatch(1937) BismarckTribune(1938) MiamiDailyNews(1939) WaterburyRepublican&American(1940) St.LouisPost-Dispatch(1941) LosAngelesTimes(1942) OmahaWorld-Herald(1943) NewYorkTimes(1944) DetroitFreePress(1945) ScrantonTimes(1946) BaltimoreSun(1947) St.LouisPost-Dispatch(1948) NebraskaStateJournal(1949) ChicagoDailyNewsandSt.LouisPost-Dispatch(1950) 1951–1975 MiamiHeraldandBrooklynEagle(1951) St.LouisPost-Dispatch(1952) WhitevilleNewsReporter(1953) Newsday(1954) ColumbusLedgerandSundayLedger-Enquirer(1955) WatsonvilleRegister-Pajaronian(1956) ChicagoDailyNews(1957) ArkansasGazette(1958) UticaObserver-DispatchandUticaDailyPress(1959) LosAngelesTimes(1960) AmarilloGlobe-Times(1961) PanamaCityNews-Herald(1962) ChicagoDailyNews(1963) St.PetersburgTimes(1964) HutchinsonNews(1965) BostonGlobe(1966) MilwaukeeJournal(1967) RiversidePress-Enterprise(1968) LosAngelesTimes(1969) Newsday(1970) Winston-SalemJournal(1971) TheNewYorkTimes(1972) WashingtonPost(1973) Newsday(1974) BostonGlobe(1975) 1976–2000 AnchorageDailyNews(1976) LufkinDailyNews(1977) PhiladelphiaInquirer(1978) PointReyesLight(1979) GannettNewsService(1980) CharlotteObserver(1981) DetroitNews(1982) JacksonClarion-Ledger(1983) LosAngelesTimes(1984) FortWorthStar-Telegram(1985) DenverPost(1986) PittsburghPress(1987) CharlotteObserver(1988) AnchorageDailyNews(1989) WashingtonDailyNews/PhiladelphiaInquirer(1990) DesMoinesRegister(1991) SacramentoBee(1992) MiamiHerald(1993) AkronBeaconJournal(1994) VirginIslandsDailyNews(1995) News&Observer(1996) NewOrleansTimes-Picayune(1997) GrandForksHerald(1998) WashingtonPost(1999) WashingtonPost(2000) 2001–2025 TheOregonian (2001) TheNewYorkTimes (2002) TheBostonGlobe (2003) TheNewYorkTimes (2004) LosAngelesTimes (2005) BiloxiSunHeraldandNewOrleansTimes-Picayune (2006) TheWallStreetJournal (2007) TheWashingtonPost (2008) LasVegasSun (2009) BristolHeraldCourier (2010) LosAngelesTimes (2011) ThePhiladelphiaInquirer (2012) FortLauderdaleSun-Sentinel (2013) TheWashingtonPostandTheGuardian (2014) CharlestonPostandCourier (2015) AssociatedPress (2016) NewYorkDailyNewsandProPublica (2017) TheNewYorkTimesandTheNewYorker (2018) SouthFloridaSunSentinel (2019) AnchorageDailyNews (2020) TheNewYorkTimes (2021) TheWashingtonPost (2022) Completelist (1918–1925) (1926–1950) (1951–1975) (1976–2000) (2001–2025) vtePulitzerPrizeSpecialCitationsandAwards(Journalism) FrankI.Cobb(1924awardtohiswidow) WilliamO.Dapping(1930) EdmontonJournal(1938) TheNewYorkTimes(1941) ByronPrice(1944) Americanpresscartographers(1945) St.LouisPost-Dispatch(1947) CyrusLeoSulzbergerII(1951) ArthurKrock(1951) MaxKase(1952) TheKansasCityStar(1952) TheNewYorkTimes(1953) WalterLippmann(1958) GannettNewspapers(1964) RichardStrout(1978) HerbCaen(1996) CapitalGazette(2019) IdaB.Wells(2020,posthumous) DarnellaFrazier(2021) TheJournalistsofUkraine(2022) Completelist (Journalism) (Letters) (Arts) (Service) vteToronionservices List Category Searchengines Ahmia DuckDuckGo* Cliqz Grams MetaGer Searx Startpage.com* News BBCNews* DeutscheWelle* TheDailyStormer* Darknetlive DeepDotWeb IndependentMediaCenter TheIntercept* TheNewYorkTimes* ProPublica* Filestorageandpeer-to-peerfilesharing BTDigg FreedomHosting FreeHavenProject KickassTorrents ThePirateBay* Emailandinstantmessaging Bitmessage.ch Briar Keybase ProtonMail* Riseup SIGAINT TorMail TorChat Socialmediaandforums 8chan Dark0de Dread Facebook* HackBB TheHub Financial Blockchain.com* Helix Darknetmarkets Agora AlphaBay Atlantis BlackMarketReloaded DreamMarket Evolution TheFarmer'sMarket Hansa SheepMarketplace SilkRoad TheRealDeal RussianAnonymousMarketplace TorCardingForum Utopia Documentarchives Archive.today* Doxbin InternetArchive* Sci-Hub* Z-Library* Nonprofitorganizations CourageFoundation FreedomofthePressFoundation LaQuadratureduNet Telecomix Operatingsystems Tails Government CentralIntelligenceAgency Whistleblowing DistributedDenialofSecrets* Filtrala GlobaLeaks Ljost NawaatLeaks SecureDrop WildLeaks Tor .oniondomain Tor2web *Maintainsadditionalpresenceonthesurfaceweb AuthoritycontrolGeneral VIAF 1 2 WorldCat Nationallibraries Germany Israel UnitedStates Other SUDOC(France) 1 ^Sandvik,Runa(February12,2022)."TheNewYorkTimesisNowAvailableasaTorOnionService".ArchivedfromtheoriginalonOctober28,2017.RetrievedMarch11,2022. 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