President of the Republic of China - Wikipedia

Since the 1996 presidential election, the president is directly elected by plurality voting to a four-year term, with incumbents limited to serving two terms. PresidentoftheRepublicofChina FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch HeadofstateoftheRepublicofTaiwan PresidentoftheRepublicofChina中華民國總統EmblemofthePresidentoftheRepublicofChinaPresidentialStandardIncumbentTsaiIng-wensince 20May2016OfficeofthePresidentStyleMadamPresident(informal)HerExcellency(diplomatic)StatusHeadofstateAbbreviationPOTROC,POT,POCMemberofNationalSecurityCouncilResidenceYongheResidenceSeatPresidentialOffice,TaipeiAppointerDirectelection[note1]Termlength4years;renewableoncePrecursorEmperoroftheGreatQingChairmanoftheNationalistgovernment(1925–1948)Formation1 January1912;110yearsago (1912-01-01)(provisional)25 October1945;76yearsago (1945-10-25)(Taiwanhandover)20 May1948;74yearsago (1948-05-20)(currentform)FirstholderSunYat-sen(MainlandChina)ChiangKai-shek(Taiwan)UnofficialnamesPresidentofTaiwanLeaderoftheTaiwanArea(bythePRC)DeputyVicePresidentSalaryNT$6,420,000annually[1]Websiteenglish.president.gov.tw PresidentoftheRepublicofChinaTraditional Chinese中華民國總統SimplifiedChinese中华民国总统TranscriptionsStandardMandarinHanyuPinyinZhōnghuáMínguóZǒngtǒngBopomofoㄓㄨㄥㄏㄨㄚˊㄇㄧㄣˊㄍㄨㄛˊㄗㄨㄥˇㄊㄨㄥˇGwoyeuRomatzyhJonghwaMin'gwoTzoongtoongWade–GilesChung¹-hua²Min²-kuo²Tsung³-t'ung³TongyongPinyinJhonghuáMínguóZǒngtǒngMPS2Jūng-huáMín-guóTzǔng-tǔngHakkaRomanizationChûng-fàMìn-koetChúng-thúngSouthernMinHokkienPOJTiong-hôaBîn-kokChóng-thóngTâi-lôTiong-hûaBîn-kokTsóng-thóng PoliticsoftheRepublicofChina(Taiwan) Government Constitution AdditionalArticlesoftheConstitution Freedomofreligion(Article13) Law Taxation Presidency PresidentoftheRepublicofChina TsaiIng-wen(DPP) VicePresidentoftheRepublicofChina LaiChing-te(DPP) OfficeofthePresident NationalSecurityCouncil Executive PremieroftheRepublicofChina SuTseng-chang(DPP) VicePremieroftheRepublicofChina ShenJong-chin(DPP) ExecutiveYuan TheCabinet Legislature LegislativeYuan SpeakerYuShyi-kun(DPP) DeputySpeakerTsaiChi-chang(DPP) 10thLegislativeYuan NationalAssembly(defunct)ControlYuan(chamberdefunct) Judiciary JudicialYuan PresidentandChiefJusticeHsuTzong-li VicePresidentTsaiJeong-duen SupremeCourt HighCourts DistrictCourts Otherbranches ExaminationYuan PresidentHuangJong-tsun VicePresidentChouHung-hsien ControlYuan PresidentChenChu VicePresidentLeeHung-chun Localgovernment MayorsandMagistrates Elections CentralElectionCommission Presidentialelections Legislativeelections Localelections Referendums Politicalparties Nationallyrepresented DemocraticProgressiveParty Kuomintang TaiwanPeople'sParty NewPowerParty TaiwanStatebuildingParty Others PeopleFirstParty TaiwanSolidarityUnion NewParty Non-PartisanSolidarityUnion GreenPartyTaiwan Propaganda Massmedia CentralNewsAgency BroadcastingCorporationofChina VoiceofFreeChina Censorship after1949 Filmcensorship WhiteTerror Foreignrelations ForeignAffairsMinisterJosephWu Cross-Straitrelations Ma–Ximeeting Specialstate-to-staterelations OneCountryonEachSide 1992Consensus Taiwanconsensus Australia–Taiwanrelations Canada–Taiwanrelations France–Taiwanrelations Russia–Taiwanrelations Sino–Sovietrelations Taiwan–UnitedKingdomrelations Taiwan–UnitedStatesrelations Relatedtopics PoliticalstatusofTaiwan ChineseCivilWar One-Chinapolicy ChinaandtheUnitedNations Taiwanindependencemovement ChineseTaipei Chineseunification Taiwanesenationalism Tangwaimovement Taiwanization ThirdTaiwanStraitCrisis  Taiwanportal Othercountries vte ThepresidentoftheRepublicofChina,commonlyreferredtoasthepresidentofTaiwan,istheheadofstateoftheRepublicofChina(ROC)andthecommander-in-chiefoftheRepublicofChinaArmedForces. OriginallyelectedbytheNationalAssembly,thepresidencywasintendedtobeaceremonialofficewithnorealexecutivepowerastheROCwasoriginallyenvisionedasaparliamentaryrepublic.[citationneeded]Sincethe1996presidentialelection,thepresidentisdirectlyelectedbypluralityvotingtoafour-yearterm,withincumbentslimitedtoservingtwoterms.Theincumbent,TsaiIng-wen,succeededMaYing-jeouonMay20,2016,tobecomethefirstfemalepresidentinthehistoryofTaiwan. Contents 1Qualifications 2Powers 3Succession 4Diplomaticprotocol 5Secretary-generaltothepresident 6Elections 7History 8Timelineofpresidents 9Seealso 10Notes 11References 12Externallinks Qualifications[edit] ThePresidentialandVicePresidentialElectionandRecallAct[2]statesthatacandidateforpresidentorvicepresidentmustbeacitizenoftheRepublicofChina,atleast40yearsold,andaresidentofTaiwanforaperiodofnolessthan15yearswithaphysicalpresenceofnolessthan6consecutivemonths. Thefollowingpersonsshallnotberegisteredascandidatesforthepresident: Militarypersonnel Electionofficials PeoplewhoholdforeignnationalityorwhoholdresidencyofthePeople'sRepublicofChina Peoplewhohaverestoredtheirnationalityoracquiredtheirnationalitybynaturalization Powers[edit] ThePresidentialBuildinginZhongzhengDistrict,TaipeihousestheofficeoftheROCPresidentcurrently. ThePresidentialSouthernOfficeinFengshanDistrict,Kaohsiungopenedon10March2017. ThePresidentialCentralOfficeinFengyuanDistrict,Taichungopenedon18March2017. ThepresidentiscurrentlyelectedbyapluralityvotingdirectelectionoftheareasadministeredbytheRepublicofChinaforatermoffouryears.Before1991,thepresidentwasselectedbytheNationalAssemblyoftheRepublicofChinaforatermofsixyears. TheConstitutionoftheRepublicofChinanamesthepresidentasheadofstateandcommander-in-chiefoftheRepublicofChinaArmedForces(formerlyknownastheNationalRevolutionaryArmy).Thepresidentisresponsibleforconductingforeignrelations,suchasconcludingtreaties,declaringwar,andmakingpeace.Thepresidentmustpromulgatealllawsandhasnorighttoveto,butcanapproveornotthevetoproposedbytheExecutiveYuan(Cabinet).Otherpowersofthepresidentincludegrantingamnesty,pardonorclemency,declaringmartiallaw,andconferringhonorsanddecorations. Thepresidentmay,byresolutionoftheExecutiveYuanCouncil,issueemergencydecreesandtakeallnecessarymeasurestoavertimminentdangeraffectingthesecurityofthestateorofthepeopleortocopewithanyseriousfinancialoreconomiccrisis.However,suchdecreesshall,withintendaysofissuance,bepresentedtotheLegislativeYuanforratification.ShouldtheLegislativeYuanwithholdratification,thesaidemergencydecreesshallforthwithceasetobevalid. Thepresidentmay,withintendaysfollowingpassagebytheLegislativeYuanofano-confidencevoteagainstthepremier,declarethedissolutionoftheLegislativeYuanafterconsultingwithitspresident.However,thepresidentshallnotdissolvetheLegislativeYuanwhilemartiallaworanemergencydecreeisineffect.FollowingthedissolutionoftheLegislativeYuan,anelectionforlegislatorsshallbeheldwithin60days. Thepresidentcanappointsenioradvisors(資政),nationalpolicyadvisors(國策顧問)andstrategyadvisors(戰略顧問),buttheydonotformacouncil.[3][4] TheConstitutiondoesnotclearlydefinewhetherthepresidentismorepowerfulthanthepremier,asitnamestheExecutiveYuan(headedbythepremier)asthe"highestadministrativeauthority"withoversightoverdomesticmatterswhilegivingthepresidentpowersascommander-in-chiefofthemilitaryandauthorityoverforeignaffairs.Priortohiselectionaspresidentin1948,ChiangKai-shekhadinsistedthathebepremierunderthenewConstitution,whileallowingthepresident(towhichChiangnominatedHuShih)beamerefigurehead.[5]However,theNationalAssemblyoverwhelminglysupportedChiangaspresidentandonceinthisposition,Chiangcontinuedtoexercisevastprerogativesasleaderandthepremiershipservedtoexecutepolicy,notmakeit.Thus,untilthe1980spowerintheRepublicofChinawaspersonalizedratherthaninstitutionalizedwhichmeantthatthepowerofthepresidentdependedlargelyonwhooccupiedtheoffice.Forexample,duringthetenureofYenChia-kan,theofficewaslargelyceremonialwithrealpowerinthehandsofPremierChiangChing-Kuo,andpowerswitchedbacktothepresidencywhenChiangbecamepresident.AfterPresidentLeeTeng-huisucceededChiangaspresidentin1988,thepowerstrugglewithintheKMTextendedtotheconstitutionaldebateovertherelationshipbetweenthepresidentandthepremier.ThefirstthreepremiersunderLee,YuKuo-hwa,LeeHuan,andHauPei-tsunweremainlanderswhohadinitiallyopposedLee'sascensiontopower.TheappointmentofLeeandHauwerecompromisesbyPresidentLeetoplacateconservativesintheKMT.ThesubsequentappointmentofthefirstnativeTaiwanesepremierLienChanwastakenasasignofLee'sconsolidationofpower.Moreover,duringthistime,thepowerofthepremiertoapprovethepresident'sappointmentsandthepoweroftheLegislativeYuantoconfirmthepresident'schoiceofpremierwasremovedestablishingthepresidentasthemorepowerfulpositionofthetwo. Afterthe2000electionofChenShui-bianaspresident,thepresidencyandtheLegislativeYuanwerecontrolledbydifferentpartieswhichbroughtforthanumberoflatentconstitutionalissuessuchastheroleofthelegislatureinappointinganddismissingapremier,therightofthepresidenttocallaspecialsessionofthelegislature,andwhohasthepowertocallareferendum.Mostoftheseissueshavebeenresolvedthroughinter-partynegotiations. Succession[edit] PartofaseriesonOrdersofsuccessionPresidencies Argentina Austria Brazil Colombia People'sRepublicofChina RepublicofChina DRCongo Finland France Germany India Indonesia Israel Italy Ireland RepublicofKorea Mexico Pakistan Peru Philippines Poland Romania SriLanka UnitedStates Uruguay Vietnam vte GeneralissimoChiangKai-shekandArmyGeneralLiTsung-jenwereelectedbytheNationalAssemblytobethefirst-termpresidentandvicepresidenton20May1948. TheConstitutionoftheRepublicofChinagivesashortlistofpersonswhowillsucceedtothepresidencyiftheofficeweretofallvacant.AccordingtotheAdditionalArticlesoftheConstitution,Article2:[6] Shouldtheofficeofthevicepresidentbecomevacant,thepresidentshallnominateacandidate(s)withinthreemonths,andtheLegislativeYuanshallelectanewvicepresident,whoshallservetheremainderoftheoriginaltermuntilitsexpiration. Shouldtheofficesofboththepresidentandthevicepresidentbecomevacant,thepresidentoftheExecutiveYuanshallexercisetheofficialpowersofthepresidentandthevicepresident.AnewpresidentandanewvicepresidentshallbeelectedinaccordancewithParagraph1ofthisarticleandshallserveouteachrespectiveoriginaltermuntilitsexpiration.ThepertinentprovisionsofArticle49oftheConstitutionshallnotapply. AsnopresidentoftheExecutiveYuan(alsoknownasthepremier)haseversucceededtothepresidencyundertheseprovisions(ortheirpredecessors,underArticle49),itisuntestedwhether,shouldtheofficeofthepremierbevacantaswell,whether,pursuanttotheAdditionalArticles,Article3,thevicepresidentoftheExecutiveYuan(vicepremier),whowouldbeactingpremier,wouldactaspresident.[6]ThereiscurrentlynoconstitutionalprovisionforasuccessionlistbeyondthepossibilitythatthevicepresidentoftheExecutiveYuanmightsucceedtothepresidency. AssumingthatthevicepresidentoftheExecutiveYuanwouldbethirdinlineforthepresidency,thecurrentlineofsuccessionis: LaiChing-te,VicePresidentoftheRepublicofChina. SuTseng-chang,PresidentoftheExecutiveYuan. ShenJong-chin,VicePresidentoftheExecutiveYuan. Presidentialsuccessionhasoccurredthreetimesunderthe1947Constitution: PresidentChiangKai-shekdeclaredincapacityon21January1949amidseveralCommunistvictoriesintheChineseCivilWarandwasreplacedbyVicePresidentLiTsung-jenastheactingpresident.However,Chiangcontinuedtowieldauthorityasthedirector-generaloftheKuomintangandcommander-in-chiefoftheRepublicofChinaArmedForces.LiTsung-jenlosttheensuingpowerstruggleandfledtotheUnitedStatesinNovember1949.ChiangevacuatedwiththegovernmenttoTaiwanon10December1949andresumedhisdutiesasthepresidenton1March1950. PresidentChiangKai-shekdiedon5April1975andwasreplacedbyVicePresidentYenChia-kan,whoservedouttheremainderoftheterm. PresidentChiangChing-kuodiedon13January1988andwasreplacedbyVicePresidentLeeTeng-hui,whoservedouttheremainderofthetermandwontwomoretermsonhisownright. Diplomaticprotocol[edit] AtthefuneralofPopeJohnPaulII,PresidentChenShui-bian(farleft),whomtheHolySeerecognizedastheheadofstateofChina,wasseatedinthefrontrow(inFrenchalphabeticalorder)besidethefirstladyandpresidentofBrazil. AirForce3701,thepresidentialaircraftoftheRepublicofChina. ThediplomaticprotocolregardingthePresidentoftheROCisrathercomplexbecauseofthepoliticalstatusofTaiwan.InthenationsthathavediplomaticrelationswiththeROC,sheisaccordedthestandardtreatmentthatisgiventoaheadofstate.Inothernations,sheisformallyaprivatecitizen,althougheveninthesecases,travelusuallymeetswithstrongobjectionsfromthePeople'sRepublicofChina. ThepresidentofROChastraveledseveraltimestotheUnitedStates,formallyintransittoandfromCentralAmerica,whereanumberofcountriesdorecognizetheROC.ThissystemallowsthepresidenttovisittheUnitedStateswithouttheUSStateDepartmenthavingtoissueavisa.Duringthesetrips,thepresidentisnotformallytreatedasaheadofstate,doesnotmeetUSgovernmentofficialsintheirofficialcapacitiesanddoesnotvisitWashington,D.C.However,inthesevisits,theROCpresidentinvariablymeetswithstaffmembersfromtheUSgovernment,althoughthesevisitsarewithlower-rankingofficialsinnon-governmentalsurroundings. IntheareaofSoutheastAsia,theROCpresidentwasabletoarrangevisitsintheearly1990swhichwereformallyprivatetouristvisits,howeverthesehavebecomeincreasinglyinfrequentasaresultofPRCpressure. AttheannualAsia-PacificEconomicCooperationleaders'summit,theROCpresidentisforbiddenfromattendingpersonallyandmustsendaspecialenvoytorepresenthimorherattheevent. However,on2December2016,USPresident-electDonaldTrumpacceptedacongratulatorytelephonecallfromtheROCpresident,aclearbreakfrompriorprotocol. TheGovernmentofthePeople'sRepublicofChinausesthetermsLeaderoftheTaiwanArea,LeaderoftheTaiwanRegion(traditionalChinese:台灣地區領導人;simplifiedChinese:台湾地区领导人;pinyin:Táiwāndìqūlǐngdǎorén)andLeaderoftheTaiwaneseAuthorities(台灣當局領導人;台湾当局领导人;Táiwāndāngjúlǐngdǎorén)todescribetheheadofstateoftheRepublicofChina(ROC)inTaiwan.ThesetermsareusedbyPRCmediatoreflectthePRC'sofficialstanceofnotrecognizingtheROCasanindependentstate. ThePRCmediadoesnotusetheterms"PresidentofTaiwan"nor"PresidentoftheRepublicofChina",whichcouldbeinferredasimplyingrecognitionofTaiwanasacountry,orofTwoChinas.Hence,theterm"LeaderoftheTaiwanArea"isused-with"Area"toshowthatTaiwanisnotacountry;while"Leader"doesnotequal"President".AccordingtocriteriasetbytheauthoritiesinBeijing,mediainmainlandChinagenerallyarenotallowedtousetermsrelatedtotheRepublicofChinatodescribetheTaiwanauthorities.Butiftheofficialtitlecannotbeavoidedinanewsarticle,quotationmarkswouldbeusedaroundtermsforallofficialROCpositionsandorganizations,e.g."PresidentoftheRepublicofChina";"PresidentialOfficeBuilding"toimplynon-recognition.[7][8]Forothercountrieswithoutofficialdiplomaticties,termssuchasTaiwan'spresidenthavebeenused.[9] Secretary-generaltothepresident[edit] Mainarticle:Secretary-GeneraltothePresident,RepublicofChina Thesecretary-generaltothepresidentisthehighest-rankingofficialintheOfficeofthePresidentandsupervisesthestaffoftheoffice.Thecurrentsecretary-generalisDavidLee. Elections[edit] Mainarticle:PresidentialelectionsinTaiwan ElectoralmapsofdirectpresidentialelectionsofTaiwan. Comparisonofthevotepercentagesinthedirectpresidentialelections. :DemocraticProgressivePartycandidates :Kuomintangcandidates :PeopleFirstPartycandidates,orJamesSoong. :NewPartynominatedorendorsedcandidates.  :Otherindependents Order Mainarticle Formofelection 1st 1948Chinesepresidentialelection Indirectelectionbythe1stNationalAssembly(delegateselectedin1947) 2nd 1954Taiwanesepresidentialelection Indirectelectionbythe1stNationalAssembly(delegateselectedin1947) 3rd 1960Taiwanesepresidentialelection Indirectelectionbythe1stNationalAssembly(delegateselectedin1947) 4th 1966Taiwanesepresidentialelection Indirectelectionbythe1stNationalAssembly(delegateselectedin1947) 5th 1972Taiwanesepresidentialelection Indirectelectionbythe1stNationalAssembly(delegateselectedin1947and1969) 6th 1978Taiwanesepresidentialelection Indirectelectionbythe1stNationalAssembly(delegateselectedin1947,1969,and1972) 7th 1984Taiwanesepresidentialelection Indirectelectionbythe1stNationalAssembly(delegateselectedin1947,1969,and1980) 8th 1990Taiwanesepresidentialelection Indirectelectionbythe1stNationalAssembly(delegateselectedin1947,1969,and1986) 9th 1996Taiwanesepresidentialelection DirectelectionbyTaiwanesepeople(citizensoftheFreearea) 10th 2000Taiwanesepresidentialelection DirectelectionbyTaiwanesepeople(citizensoftheFreearea) 11th 2004Taiwanesepresidentialelection DirectelectionbyTaiwanesepeople(citizensoftheFreearea) 12th 2008Taiwanesepresidentialelection DirectelectionbyTaiwanesepeople(citizensoftheFreearea) 13th 2012Taiwanesepresidentialelection DirectelectionbyTaiwanesepeople(citizensoftheFreearea) 14th 2016Taiwanesepresidentialelection DirectelectionbyTaiwanesepeople(citizensoftheFreearea) 15th 2020Taiwanesepresidentialelection DirectelectionbyTaiwanesepeople(citizensoftheFreearea) 16th 2024Taiwanesepresidentialelection DirectelectionbyTaiwanesepeople(citizensoftheFreearea) History[edit] TaiwanwaspreviouslyledbytheEmperorofJapanduringcolonialrulebyJapanfrom1895to1945,representedbytheGovernor-GeneralofTaiwan. AftertheoutbreakoftheWuchangUprisingagainstQingrulein1911,therevolutionarieselectedSunYat-senasthe"provisionalpresident"(臨時大總統)ofthetransitionalgovernment,withtheRepublicofChinaofficiallyestablishedon1January1912.ButSunsoonresignedfromtheprovisionalpresidencyinfavorofYuanShikai,whoassumedthetitle"GreatPresident"(大總統)inMarch1912.YuaninducedtheLastEmperortoabdicate,endingthousandsofyearsofimperialruleinChina.The1913ConstitutioncalledforastrongpresidentialsystemwithnotablechecksonthepresidentbytheNationalAssembly.However,Yuansoonbegantoassertdictatorialpower,ignoringtheNationalAssemblyandlaterabolishingitaltogether.In1915,YuanproclaimedhimselfEmperorofChinainalargelyunpopularmoveandwasforcedtoretracthisdeclarationshortlybeforehisdeathin1916. WithYuanShikai'sdeaththeWarlordErabegan.VicePresidentLiYuanhongsucceededYuanaspresidentandattemptedtoreasserttheconstitutionalgovernment,butwassoonforcedtoresignbymilitarystrongmen.Thepresidency,thoughleadinganinternationallyrecognizedgovernment,wasthereaftertobeheadedbyaseriesofprominentwarlords.Thispresidencyendedin1928whentheNorthernExpedition,ledbytheKuomintang(KMT),succeededinconqueringNorthChina. SunYat-senestablishedarival(military,notconstitutional)governmentinGuangzhouin1917andtookthetitleof"GeneralissimooftheMilitaryGovernment"(海陸軍大元帥;'GrandMarshaloftheNavyandArmy').Hewasoustedin1918butreturnedagaintoGuangzhouin1921.ClaimingtorestoretheProvisionalConstitutionoftheRepublicofChina,hesummonedthemembersoftheoriginalparliamenttoelecthimaspresident,butsincetherelackedaquorum,hetookthetitleof"ExtraordinaryPresident"(非常大總統).Sun,againexpelledfromGuangzhouin1922,returnedin1923totakethetitleof"GeneralissimooftheMilitaryGovernment."Sundiedin1925withnoclearsuccessorandleadershipofthegovernment,nownamedtheNationalGovernment,restedinaseriesofLeninist-styledualpartyandstatecommittees,themostpowerfulofwhichwasthepolicy-makingCentralExecutiveCommitteeoftheKuomintang.Thegovernmentwasorganizedintofivebranches,withtheExecutiveYuan,headedbythepremier,holdingprimaryadministrativeauthority.The"ChairmanoftheNationalGovernment,"thoughnotgivenspecificpresidentialpowers,tookonthefunctionsofadefactoheadofstateanditsofficialEnglishtranslationwas"PresidentoftheNationalGovernmentoftheRepublicofChina".ThisformofgovernmentundertheKMTlastedthroughtheNorthernExpedition,whichmovedthecapitaltoNanjingandgavetheNationalGovernmentdomesticcontrolandforeignrecognition,andtheSecondSino-JapaneseWar,duringwhichtheJapaneseestablishedapuppet"Reorganized"NationalGovernmentwithalmosttheidenticalorganizationalstructure,untilthepromulgationofanewConstitutionin1947. FollowingtheChinesevictoryintheSecondSino-JapaneseWar,theNationalGovernmentunderChiangKai-shekwasrestoredinNanjingandtheKMTsetouttoenactaliberaldemocraticconstitutioninlinewiththelaststageofSunYat-sen'sthreestagesofnationaldevelopment.ThenewConstitutionoftheRepublicofChina,promulgatedon25December1947,establishedafive-branchgovernmentwiththeofficeofpresident(總統)asheadofstate.On20May1948,ChiangKai-shekwasformallyelectedbytheNationalAssemblytobethefirsttermpresident. AftertheKMTlostMainlandChinaintheChineseCivilWar,thegovernmentwasevacuatedtoTaiwan,wherethetermlimitsforthepresidentspecifiedinthe1947constitutionweresuspendedafter1960.[note2]In1954,asthetermofthefirstNationalAssemblywereabouttoexpire,theJudicialYuanruledthattheexpiredseatsoftheNationalAssemblywouldcontinueinpoweruntiltherespectivedelegateregionelectionscouldbeheld.ThislargelyfrozethemembershipoftheNationalAssemblymainlanddelegatesandpreventedlocalTaiwanesefromwidespreadlegislativeandassemblyparticipationintheexpiredmainlandseatsuntiltheearly1970s.ThemembersoftheNationalAssemblycontinuedintheirofficeuntil1991,andcontinuedtoelectChiangKai-shekaspresidentuntilhisdeathin1975. PresidentswereelectedbytheNationalAssemblyuntilthefirstdirectpresidentialelectionin1996,whilethetermlengthwasshortenedfromsixtofouryears. OfficialresultsoftheelectionannouncingSun'selectiononNovember10,1911. TheWestGardenHallinPresidentialPalace,NanjingwastheofficeoftheProvisionalPresidentin1912. AfterYuanShikai'sPeiyangGovernmenttookcontroloftheROC,thehouseinPekingwastheofficeofthepresident. PresidentialPalaceinXuanwuDistrict,NanjinghousedtheofficeoftheChairmanoftheNationalGovernmentoftheROCin1927–1937. ThePresidentialBuildinginPresidentialPalace,NanjingwastheofficeofthePresidentofROCafterthe1947ChineseConstitution,untiltheGovernmentoftheROCfledtoTaiwanin1949. Timelineofpresidents[edit] Foramorecomprehensivelist,seeListofpresidentsoftheRepublicofChina. CenChunxuanwasthepresidentofthesouthernmilitarygovernmentoftheRepublicofChinafrom1913to1921. 1stProvisionalPresidentandPresidentsafterthe1947Constitution SunYat-sen1stProvisionalPresident(served:1912) 1st:ChiangKai-shek1st,2nd,3rd,4th,&5thterms(served:1948–1975) 2nd:YenChia-kanremaining5thterm(served:1975–1978) 4th:LeeTeng-huiremaining7th,8th,&9thterms(served:1988–2000) 5th:ChenShui-bian10th&11thterms(served:2000–2008) 6th:MaYing-jeou12th&13thterms(served:2008–2016) 7th:TsaiIng-wen14th&15thterms(serving:2016–present) Seealso[edit] ElectionsinTaiwan HistoryofTaiwan VicePresidentoftheRepublicofChina PremieroftheRepublicofChina ListofpresidentsoftheRepublicofChina PoliticsoftheRepublicofChina ListofpoliticalpartiesintheRepublicofChina ListofrulersofTaiwan RepublicofChinaPresidentialMuseum Notes[edit] ^PreviouslytheNationalAssemblyfrom1948to1996. ^AccordingtotheConstitution,thepresidentcanbereelectedonce.Thetermlengthissixyears.Sincetheconstitutionwassuspended,presidentChiangKai-shekcontinuedtobeelecteduntilhisdeath. References[edit] ^Yi,Wang(12March2015).13國元首薪水大車拚.ChinaTimes(inChinese(Taiwan)).Retrieved18January2016. ^"PresidentialandVicePresidentialElectionandRecallAct". ^"OfficeofthePresident,RepublicofChina(Taiwan)".Archivedfromtheoriginalon23February2007.Retrieved20April2007. ^中華民國總統府組織法§15-全國法規資料庫入口網站. ^U.S.DepartmentofState,TheChinaWhitePaper(Stanford:StanfordUniversityPress,1967),273. ^ab"中華民國總統府". ^"Claimedhewasthe"PresidentofTaiwan"–MaYing-jeou:DidnotmeanTaiwanasacountry".SoutheastNews.3June2009.Retrieved26July2009. ^台湾地区领导人选举结束马英九、萧万长获胜.Archivedfromtheoriginalon3March2016.Retrieved22March2008. ^MichaelR.Pompeo(19May2020)."PressStatementMichaelR.Pompeo,SecretaryofState:Taiwan'sInaugurationofPresidentTsaiIng-wen". Externallinks[edit] EnglishWikisourcehasoriginaltextrelatedtothisarticle: RepublicofChinaOfficeofthePresidentOrganizationAct(OfficialEnglishtranslation) Wikisourcehasoriginaltextrelatedtothisarticle: AdviceregardingtheproperuseofpromotionallanguageinvolvingTaiwan OfficeofthePresidentoftheRepublicofChina PresidentsandtheirPremiers Linkstorelatedarticles vteDirectelectionsandreferendumsinTaiwanPresidentialelections 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 2024 LegislativeYuanelections 1969 1972 1975 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 2024 By-elections Localelections 1935 1936 1939 1940 1946 1950 1952 1954 1955 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1963 1964 1965 1968 1969 1971 1972 1973 1975 1977 1978 1981 1982 1985 1986 1989 1990 1993 1994 1997–98 2001–02 2005–06 2009 2010 2014 2018 2022 2026 Referendums 2004 2008(Jan) 2008(Mar) 2018 2021 2022 NationalAssemblyelections 1969 1972 1980 1986 1991 1996 2005 Seealso:ElectionsintheRepublicofChina(1912–49),PresidentialelectionsintheRepublicofChina vtePresidentsoftheRepublicofChinaPresidentsofChina(Pre-1947Constitution) SunYat-sen(1912) YuanShikai(1912–1916) LiYuanhong(1916–1917;1922–1923) XuShichang(1918–1922) CaoKun(1923–1924) DuanQirui(1924–1926) ZhangZuolin(1927–1928) TanYankai(1928) ChiangKai-shek(1928–1931;1943–1948) LinSen(1931–1943) PresidentsofTaiwan(currentform) ChiangKai-shek(1948–1949;1950–1975) C.K.Yen(1975–1978) ChiangChing-kuo(1978–1988) LeeTeng-hui(1988–2000) ChenShui-bian(2000–2008) MaYing-jeou(2008–2016) TsaiIng-wen(2016–present) Xia→Shang→Zhou→Qin→Han→3Kingdoms→Jìn/16Kingdoms→S.Dynasties/N.Dynasties→Sui→Tang→5Dynasties&10Kingdoms→Liao/Song/W.Xia/Jīn→Yuan→Ming→Qing→ROC/PRC vteHeadsofstateandgovernmentofAsiaHeadsofstateUNmembers andobservers Afghanistan Armenia1 Azerbaijan1 Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Cambodia China Cyprus EastTimor Egypt2 Georgia1 India Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Lebanon Malaysia Maldives Mongolia Myanmar Nepal NorthKorea Oman Pakistan Palestine Philippines Qatar Russia1 SaudiArabia Singapore SriLanka SouthKorea Syria Tajikistan Thailand Turkey Turkmenistan UnitedArabEmirates Uzbekistan Vietnam Yemen limitedrecognizedstates Abkhazia1 Nagorno-Karabakh1 NorthernCyprus1 SouthOssetia1 Taiwan HeadsofgovernmentUNmembers andobservers Afghanistan Armenia1 Azerbaijan1 Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Cambodia China Cyprus EastTimor Egypt2 Georgia1 India Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Lebanon Malaysia Maldives Mongolia Myanmar Nepal NorthKorea Oman Pakistan Palestine Philippines Qatar Russia1 SaudiArabia Singapore SriLanka SouthKorea Syria Tajikistan Thailand Turkey Turkmenistan UnitedArabEmirates Uzbekistan Vietnam Yemen limitedrecognizedstates Abkhazia1 Nagorno-Karabakh1 NorthernCyprus1 SouthOssetia1 Taiwan Supremeleaders China Iran Kazakhstan Laos Myanmar NorthKorea Vietnam 1PartiallyorentirelyinAsia,dependingonthedefinitionoftheEurope–Asiaborder. 2PartiallyorentirelyinAsia,dependingonthedefinitionoftheAfrica–Asiaborder. 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