intel hd graphics驅動程式Intel(R) HD Graphics FamilyIntel Graphics Driverintel r hd graphics顯示卡intel hd graphics控制台Intel graphics - ArchWiki
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Since Intel provides and supports open source drivers, Intel graphics are essentially plug-and-play. For a comprehensive list of Intel GPU models and ...
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Intelgraphics
FromArchWiki
Relatedarticles
IntelGMA3600
Xorg
Kernelmodesetting
Xrandr
Hybridgraphics
Vulkan
GPGPU
SinceIntelprovidesandsupportsopensourcedrivers,Intelgraphicsareessentiallyplug-and-play.
ForacomprehensivelistofIntelGPUmodelsandcorrespondingchipsetsandCPUs,seeWikipedia:ListofIntelgraphicsprocessingunitsandGentoo:Intel#Featuresupport.
Note:PowerVR-basedgraphics(GMA3600series)arenotsupportedbyopensourcedrivers.
Contents
1Installation
2Loading
2.1EnableearlyKMS
2.2EnableGuC/HuCfirmwareloading
3Xorgconfiguration
3.1AccelMethod
4Module-basedoptions
4.1Framebuffercompression(enable_fbc)
4.2Fastboot
4.3IntelGVT-ggraphicsvirtualizationsupport
4.4Enableperformancesupport
5Tipsandtricks
5.1Settingscalingmode
5.2HardwareacceleratedH.264decodingonGMA4500
5.3OldOpenGLdriver(i965)
5.4OverridingreportedOpenGLversion
5.5ViewingGPUusage
5.6Settingbrightnessandgamma
6Troubleshooting
6.1Tearing
6.2DisableVerticalSynchronization(VSYNC)
6.3DRI3issues
6.4FontandscreencorruptioninGTKapplications(missingglyphsaftersuspend/resume)
6.5Blankscreenduringboot,when"Loadingmodules"
6.6Xfreeze/crashwithinteldriver
6.7Addingundetectedresolutions
6.8Backlightisnotadjustable
6.9CorruptionorunresponsivenessinChromiumandFirefox
6.10Kernelcrashingw/kernels4.0+onBroadwell/Core-Mchips
6.11LaginWindowsguests
6.12Screenflickering
6.13OpenGL2.1withi915driver
6.14KMSIssue:consoleislimitedtosmallarea
6.15NosoundthroughHDMIonaHaswellCPU
6.16Crash/freezeonlowpowerIntelCPUs
6.17Addsupportfor165Hzmonitor
7Seealso
Installation
Installthemesapackage,whichprovidestheDRIdriverfor3Dacceleration.
For32-bitapplicationsupport,alsoinstallthelib32-mesapackagefromthemultilibrepository.
FortheDDXdriverwhichprovides2DaccelerationinXorg,installthexf86-video-intelpackage.Besidethisfunctionality,thispackageisgenerallynotrecommended,seenotebelow.
ForVulkansupport(IvyBridgeandnewer),installthevulkan-intelpackage.
AlsoseeHardwarevideoacceleration.
Note:Some(Debian&Ubuntu,Fedora,KDE)recommendnotinstallingthexf86-video-inteldriver,andinsteadfallingbackonthemodesettingdriverforGen4andnewerGPUs(GMA3000from2006andnewer).See[1],[2],Xorg#Installation,andmodesetting(4).However,themodesettingdrivercancauseproblemssuchasChromiumIssue370022andvsyncjitter/videostutterinmpv.
Loading
TheIntelkernelmoduleshouldloadfineautomaticallyonsystemboot.
Ifitdoesnothappen,then:
Makesureyoudonothavenomodesetasakernelparameter,sinceIntelrequireskernelmode-setting.
Also,checkthatyouhavenotdisabledIntelbyusinganymodprobeblacklistingwithin/etc/modprobe.d/or/usr/lib/modprobe.d/.
EnableearlyKMS
Kernelmodesetting(KMS)issupportedbyIntelchipsetsthatusethei915DRMdriverandismandatoryandenabledbydefault.
RefertoKernelmodesetting#EarlyKMSstartforinstructionsonhowtoenableKMSassoonaspossibleatthebootprocess.
EnableGuC/HuCfirmwareloading
StartingwithGen9(Skylakeandonwards),IntelGPUsincludeaGraphicsmicro(μ)Controller(GuC)whichprovidesthefollowingfunctionality[3]:
OffloadingsomemediadecodingfunctionalityfromtheCPUtotheHEVC/H.265micro(µ)Controller(HuC).Onlyapplicableifusingintel-media-driverforhardwarevideoacceleration.IntroducedwithGen9.
UsingtheGuCforscheduling,contextsubmission,andpowermanagement.IntroducedwithAlderLake-P(Mobile),withinGen12.
Tousethisfunctionality,theGuCfirmwaremustbeloaded.WithregardstoHuCsupport,somevideofeatures(e.g.CBRratecontrolonSKLlow-powerencodingmode)requireloadingtheHuCfirmwareaswell[4].TheGuCandHuCfirmwarefilesarebothprovidedbylinux-firmware.
GuCfunctionalityiscontrolledbythei915.enable_guckernelparameter.Itsusageisasfollows:
enable_gucvalue
GuCSubmission
HuCFirmwareLoading
Defaultforplatforms
Supportedonplatforms
0
No
No
TigerLake,RocketLake,andPre-Gen12[5]
All
1
Yes
No
–
AlderLake-P(Mobile)andnewer
2
No
Yes
AlderLake-S(Desktop)[6][7]
Gen9andnewer
3
Yes
Yes
AlderLake-P(Mobile)andnewer
IfGuCsubmissionorHuCfirmwareloadingisnotenabledbydefaultforyourGPU,youcanmanuallyenableit.
Warning:ManuallyenablingGuC/HuCfirmwareloadingtaintsthekernelevenwhenthefeatureisnotsupported.Moreover,enablingGuC/HuCfirmwareloadingcancauseissuesonsomesystems;disableitifyouexperiencefreezing(forexample,afterresumingfromhibernation).
Firstly,ensurethatlinux-firmwareisinstalled.
IfyoursystemisconfiguredforlateKMSstart(default),youcanmanuallyenablethesefeaturesbysettingi915.enable_gucasdescribedinKernelparameters.
Otherwise,ifyouhaveadddedthei915module(seeKernelmodesetting#EarlyKMSstart)toinitramfs,thenyoumustinsteadsettheseoptionsthroughafilein/etc/modprobe.d/,e.g.:
/etc/modprobe.d/i915.conf
optionsi915enable_guc=2
Andthenrebuildyourinitramfs.
OnnextbootyoucanverifybothGuCandHuCareenabledbyusingdmesg:
#dmesg
[30130.586970]i9150000:00:02.0:[drm]GuCfirmwarei915/icl_guc_33.0.0.binversion33.0submission:disabled
[30130.586973]i9150000:00:02.0:[drm]HuCfirmwarei915/icl_huc_9.0.0.binversion9.0authenticated:yes
Iftheyarenotsupportedbyyourgraphicsadapteryouwillsee:
#dmesg
[0.571339]i9150000:00:02.0:[drm]Incompatibleoptionenable_guc=2-GuCisnotsupported!
[0.571340]i9150000:00:02.0:[drm]Incompatibleoptionenable_guc=2-HuCisnotsupported!
Alternatively,checkusing:
#cat/sys/kernel/debug/dri/0/gt/uc/guc_info
#cat/sys/kernel/debug/dri/0/gt/uc/huc_info
Note:UsingGVT-ggraphicsvirtualizationbysettingenable_gvt=1isnotsupportedasoflinux4.20.11whenGuC/HuCisalsoenabled.Thei915modulewouldfailtoinitializeasshowninsystemjournal.
#journalctl
...kernel:[drm:intel_gvt_init[i915]]*ERROR*i915GVT-gloadingfailedduetoGraphicsvirtualizationisnotyetsupportedwithGuCsubmission
...kernel:i9150000:00:02.0:[drm:i915_driver_load[i915]]Deviceinitializationfailed(-5)
...kernel:i915:probeof0000:00:02.0failedwitherror-5
...kernel:snd_hda_intel0000:00:1f.3:failedtoaddi915componentmaster(-19)
Notethattherelatedwarningisnotfatal,asexplainedin[8]:
#journalctl-b
...kernel:i9150000:00:02.0:Directfirmwareloadfori915/gvt/vid_0x8086_did_0x5916_rid_0x02.golden_hw_statefailedwitherror-2
Xorgconfiguration
Note:Thefollowingrequiresxf86-video-intel.
TheremaybenoneedforanyconfigurationtorunXorg.
However,ifXorgdoesnotstart,andtotakeadvantageofsomedriveroptions,youcancreateanXorgconfigurationfilesimilartotheonebelow:
/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf
Section"Device"
Identifier"IntelGraphics"
Driver"intel"
EndSection
AdditionaloptionsareaddedbytheuseronnewlinesbelowDriver.
Forthefulllistofoptions,seetheintel(4)manpage.
Note:Youmightneedtoaddmoredevicesectionsthantheonelistedabove.Thiswillbeindicatedwherenecessary.
AccelMethod
YoumayneedtoindicateOption"AccelMethod"whencreatingaconfigurationfile,theclassicaloptionsareUXA,SNA(default)andBLT.
IfyouexperienceissueswithdefaultSNA(e.g.pixelatedgraphics,corrupttext,etc.),tryusingUXAinstead,whichcanbedonebyaddingthefollowinglinetoyourconfigurationfile:
Option"AccelMethod""uxa"
Seethe"AccelMethod"optionunderintel(4)§ CONFIGURATIONDETAILS.
Module-basedoptions
Thei915kernelmoduleallowsforconfigurationviamoduleoptions.Someofthemoduleoptionsimpactpowersaving.
Alistofalloptionsalongwithshortdescriptionsanddefaultvaluescanbegeneratedwiththefollowingcommand:
$modinfo-pi915
Tocheckwhichoptionsarecurrentlyenabled,run
#systool-mi915-av
Youwillnotethatmanyoptionsdefaultto-1,resultinginper-chippowersavingdefaults.Itishoweverpossibletoconfiguremoreaggressivepowersavingbyusingmoduleoptions.
Note:DivertingfromthedefaultswillmarkthekernelastaintedfromLinux3.18onwards.Thisbasicallyimpliesusingotheroptionsthantheper-chipdefaultsisconsideredexperimentalandnotsupportedbythedevelopers.
Framebuffercompression(enable_fbc)
MakinguseofFramebuffercompression(FBC)canreducepowerconsumptionwhilereducingmemorybandwidthneededforscreenrefreshes.
ToenableFBC,usei915.enable_fbc=1askernelparameterorsetin/etc/modprobe.d/i915.conf:
/etc/modprobe.d/i915.conf
optionsi915enable_fbc=1
Note:FramebuffercompressionmaybeunreliableorunavailableonIntelGPUgenerationsbeforeSandyBridge(generation6).Thisresultsinmessagesloggedtothesystemjournalsimilartothisone:
kernel:drm:notenoughstolenspaceforcompressedbuffer,disabling.
Enablingframebuffercompressiononpre-SandyBridgeCPUsresultsinendlesserrormessages:
#dmesg
[2360.475430][drm]notenoughstolenspaceforcompressedbuffer(need4325376bytes),disabling
[2360.475437][drm]hint:youmaybeabletoincreasestolenmemorysizeintheBIOStoavoidthis
Thesolutionistodisableframebuffercompressionwhichwillimperceptiblyincreasepowerconsumption(around0.06W).Inordertodisableitaddi915.enable_fbc=0tothekernellineparameters.Moreinformationontheresultsofdisabledcompressioncanbefoundhere.
Fastboot
Note:ThisparameterisenabledbydefaultforSkylakeandnewer[9]aswellasBay-andCherry-Trail(VLV/CHV)[10]sinceLinux5.1.[11]
ThegoalofIntelFastbootistopreservetheframe-bufferassetupbytheBIOSorbootloadertoavoidanyflickeringuntilXorghasstarted.[12][13]
Toforceenablefastbootonplatformswhereitisnotthedefaultalready,seti915.fastboot=1askernelparameterorsetin/etc/modprobe.d/i915.conf:
/etc/modprobe.d/i915.conf
optionsi915fastboot=1
IntelGVT-ggraphicsvirtualizationsupport
SeeIntelGVT-gfordetails.
Enableperformancesupport
Thisarticleorsectionneedsexpansion.
Reason:WhatdoesMesaactuallydousingtheperformancecounters?What'stheeffectofthis?SomereportdrasticperformanceincreasesonIntelTigerLake,attributingittoasupportforDynamicTuning[14].(DiscussinTalk:Intelgraphics#PotentialperformancegainsviaObservationArchitecture)
StartingwithGen6(SandyBridgeandonwards),IntelGPUsprovideperformancecountersusedforexposinginternalperformancedatatodrivers.ThedriversandhardwareregistersrefertothisinfrastructureastheObservationArchitecture(internally"OA")[15],butIntel'sdocumentationalsomoregenerallyreferstothisfunctionalityasprovidingObservabilityPerformanceCounters[16][17].
Bydefault,onlyprogramsrunningwiththeCAP_SYS_ADMIN(equivalenttoroot)orCAP_PERFMONcapabilitiescanutilizetheobservationarchitecture[18][19].Mostapplicationswillberunningwithouteitherofthese,resultinginthefollowingwarning:
MESA-INTEL:warning:Performancesupportdisabled,considersysctldev.i915.perf_stream_paranoid=0
Toenableperformancesupportwithoutusingthecapabilities(orroot),setthekernelparameterasdescribedinsysctl.
Warning:Therestrictivedefaultsoftheperf_event_paranoidfamilyofoptionsexistsbecausethereisriskassociatedwithallowingapplicationstoaccessperformancedata[20].Withthisbeingsaid,dev.i915.perf_stream_paranoidonlyinfluencesaccesstoGPUperformancecounters,whichcarrylessriskthane.g.CPUarchitecturalexecutioncontextregisters.
Ifsettingthevalueto0ina/etc/sysctl.d/*.conffileresultsinthefollowingerroratboot:
sysctl:cannotstat/proc/sys/dev/i915/perf_stream_paranoid:Nosuchfileordirectory
youshouldloadthei915moduleearlywithKMS.
Tipsandtricks
Settingscalingmode
Thiscanbeusefulforsomefullscreenapplications:
$xrandr--outputLVDS1--setPANEL_FITTINGparam
whereparamcanbe:
center:resolutionwillbekeptexactlyasdefined,noscalingwillbemade,
full:scaletheresolutionsoitusestheentirescreenor
full_aspect:scaletheresolutiontothemaximumpossiblebutkeeptheaspectratio.
Ifitdoesnotwork,try:
$xrandr--outputLVDS1--set"scalingmode"param
whereparamisoneof"Full","Center"or"Fullaspect".
Note:Thisoptioncurrentlydoesnotworkforexternaldisplays(e.g.VGA,DVI,HDMI,DP).[21]
HardwareacceleratedH.264decodingonGMA4500
Thelibva-intel-driverpackageonlyprovideshardwareacceleratedMPEG-2decoding–andnotH.264decoding–forsomeGMA4500seriesGPUs.TocheckwhetherthataffectsyourparticularGPU,installboththatdriverandthelibva-utilspackage,thenchecktheoutputofthevainfotoolforthepresenceofentriesthatstartwithVAProfileH264.
TheH.264decodingsupportismaintainedinaseparatedg45-h264branch,whichcanbeusedbyinstallinglibva-intel-driver-g45-h264AURpackage.Note,however,thatthissupportisexperimentalanditsdevelopmenthasbeenabandoned.UsingtheVA-APIwiththisdriveronaGMA4500seriesGPUwilloffloadtheCPUbutmaynotresultinassmoothaplaybackasnon-acceleratedplayback.TestsusingmplayershowedthatusingvaapitoplaybackanH.264encoded1080pvideohalvedtheCPUload(comparedtotheXVoverlay)butresultedinverychoppyplayback,while720pworkedreasonablywell[22].Thisisechoedbyotherexperiences[23].SettingthepreallocatedvideoramsizehigherinBIOSresultsinmuchbetterhardwaredecodedplayback.Even1080ph264workswellifthisisdone[24].Smoothplayback(1080p/720p)worksalsowithmpv-gitAURincombinationwithffmpeg-gitAURandlibva-intel-driver-g45-h264AUR.WithMPVandtheFirefoxplugin"SendtoMPVplayer"[25]itispossibletowatchhardwareacceleratedYouTubevideos.
OldOpenGLdriver(i965)
InMesa20.0,anewOpenGLdriver,Iris,ispromotedtobethedefaultforGen8+.Certainapplicationsrunfasterwithit.Youmaydisableitandreverttousetheoldi965driverbysettingtheMESA_LOADER_DRIVER_OVERRIDE=i965environmentvariablebeforestartinganyOpenGLapplication.ThissettingdoesnotaffectVulkanapplications.
Note:ReportbugsandregressionsregardingtheIrisdriverhere.
OverridingreportedOpenGLversion
TheMESA_GL_VERSION_OVERRIDEenvironmentvariablecanbeusedtooverridethereportedOpenGLversiontoanyapplication.Forexample,settingMESA_GL_VERSION_OVERRIDE=4.5willreportOpenGL4.5.
Note:YoucanusethisvariabletoreportanyknownOpenGLversion,evenifitisnotsupportedbytheGPU.Someapplicationsmightnolongercrash,somemaystartcrashing-youprobablydonotwanttosetthisvariableglobally.
ViewingGPUusage
SeethetipregardingIntelGPUsinHardwarevideoacceleration#Verification.
Settingbrightnessandgamma
SeeBacklight.
Troubleshooting
Tearing
TheSNAaccelerationmethodcausestearingonsomemachines.Tofixthis,enabletheTearFreeoptioninthedriverbyaddingthefollowinglinetoyourconfigurationfile:
/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf
Section"Device"
Identifier"IntelGraphics"
Driver"intel"
Option"TearFree""true"
EndSection
Seetheoriginalbugreportformoreinfo.
Note:
ThisoptionmaynotworkwhenSwapbuffersWaitisfalse.
Thisoptionmayincreasememoryallocationconsiderablyandreduceperformance.[26]
Thisoptionisproblematicforapplicationsthatareverypickyaboutvsynctiming,likeSuperMeatBoy.
ThisoptiondoesnotworkwithUXAaccelerationmethod,onlywithSNA.
ForIntelUHD620or630youwillneedtoaddOption"TripleBuffer""true"inorderforTearFreetowork.
DisableVerticalSynchronization(VSYNC)
Usefulwhen:
Chomium/ChromehaslagsandslowperformanceduetoGPUandrunssmoothlywith--disable-gpuswitch
glxgearstestdoesnotshowdesiredperformance
Theintel-driverusesTripleBufferingforverticalsynchronization;thisallowsforfullperformanceandavoidstearing.Toturnverticalsynchronizationoff(e.g.forbenchmarking)usethis.drircinyourhomedirectory:
~/.drirc
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