Wealth - Wikipedia

Wealth is the abundance of valuable financial assets or physical possessions which can be converted into a form that can be used for transactions. Wealth FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch Abundanceoffinancialassetsorpossessions Severaltermsredirecthere.Forotheruses,seeWealth(disambiguation),Wealthy(disambiguation),Affluence(disambiguation)andAffluent(disambiguation). Totalwealthpercapita,in2014[1] Wealthistheabundanceofvaluablefinancialassetsorphysicalpossessionswhichcanbeconvertedintoaformthatcanbeusedfortransactions.ThisincludesthecoremeaningasheldintheoriginatingOldEnglishwordweal,whichisfromanIndo-Europeanwordstem.[2]Themodernconceptofwealthisofsignificanceinallareasofeconomics,andclearlysoforgrowtheconomicsanddevelopmenteconomics,yetthemeaningofwealthiscontext-dependent.Anindividualpossessingasubstantialnetworthisknownaswealthy.Networthisdefinedasthecurrentvalueofone'sassetslessliabilities(excludingtheprincipalintrustaccounts).[3] Atthemostgenerallevel,economistsmaydefinewealthas"thetotalofanythingofvalue"thatcapturesboththesubjectivenatureoftheideaandtheideathatitisnotafixedorstaticconcept.Variousdefinitionsandconceptsofwealthhavebeenassertedbyvariousindividualsandindifferentcontexts.[4]Definingwealthcanbeanormativeprocesswithvariousethicalimplications,sinceoftenwealthmaximizationisseenasagoaloristhoughttobeanormativeprincipleofitsown.[5][6]Acommunity,regionorcountrythatpossessesanabundanceofsuchpossessionsorresourcestothebenefitofthecommongoodisknownaswealthy. TheUnitedNationsdefinitionofinclusivewealthisamonetarymeasurewhichincludesthesumofnatural,human,andphysicalassets.[7][8]Naturalcapitalincludesland,forests,energyresources,andminerals.Humancapitalisthepopulation'seducationandskills.Physical(or"manufactured")capitalincludessuchthingsasmachinery,buildings,andinfrastructure. Contents 1History 2Amountofwealthintheworld 3Wealthiestcities 4Philosophicalanalysis 5Economicanalysisofwealthaccumulation 6Sociologicaltreatments 6.1Wealthandsocialclass 6.2Distribution 7Seealso 8References 9Furtherreading History[edit] Thissectionneedsexpansion.Youcanhelpbyaddingtoit.(January2019) AdamSmith,inhisseminalworkTheWealthofNations,describedwealthas"theannualproduceofthelandandlaborofthesociety".This"produce"is,atitssimplest,agoodorservicewhichsatisfieshumanneeds,andwantsofutility. Inpopularusage,wealthcanbedescribedasanabundanceofitemsofeconomicvalue,orthestateofcontrollingorpossessingsuchitems,usuallyintheformofmoney,realestateandpersonalproperty.Anindividualwhoisconsideredwealthy,affluent,orrichissomeonewhohasaccumulatedsubstantialwealthrelativetoothersintheirsocietyorreferencegroup. Ineconomics,networthreferstothevalueofassetsownedminusthevalueofliabilitiesowedatapointintime.[9]Wealthcanbecategorizedintothreeprincipalcategories:personalproperty,includinghomesorautomobiles;monetarysavings,suchastheaccumulationofpastincome;andthecapitalwealthofincomeproducingassets,includingrealestate,stocks,bonds,andbusinesses.Allthesedelineationsmakewealthanespeciallyimportantpartofsocialstratification.Wealthprovidesatypeofindividualsafetynetofprotectionagainstanunforeseendeclineinone'slivingstandardintheeventofjoblossorotheremergencyandcanbetransformedintohomeownership,businessownership,orevenacollegeeducationbyexpendingthewealthtocompleteapurchaseofsuch. Wealthhasbeendefinedasacollectionofthingslimitedinsupply,transferable,andusefulinsatisfyinghumandesires.[10]Scarcityisafundamentalfactorforwealth.Whenadesirableorvaluablecommodity(transferablegoodorskill)isabundantlyavailabletoeveryone,theownerofthecommoditywillpossessnopotentialforwealth.Whenavaluableordesirablecommodityisinscarcesupply,theownerofthecommoditywillpossessgreatpotentialforwealth. 'Wealth'referstosomeaccumulationofresources(netassetvalue),whetherabundantornot.'Richness'referstoanabundanceofsuchresources(incomeorflow).Awealthyindividual,community,ornationthushasmoreaccumulatedresources(capital)thanapoorone.Theoppositeofwealthisdestitution.Theoppositeofrichnessispoverty. Thetermimpliesasocialcontractonestablishingandmaintainingownershipinrelationtosuchitemswhichcanbeinvokedwithlittleornoeffortandexpenseonthepartoftheowner.Theconceptofwealthisrelativeandnotonlyvariesbetweensocieties,butvariesbetweendifferentsectionsorregionsinthesamesociety.ApersonalnetworthofUS$10,000inmostpartsoftheUnitedStateswouldcertainlynotplaceapersonamongthewealthiestcitizensofthatlocale.However,suchanamountwouldconstituteanextraordinaryamountofwealthinimpoverisheddevelopingcountries. Conceptsofwealthalsovaryacrosstime.Modernlabor-savinginventionsandthedevelopmentofthescienceshavevastlyimprovedthestandardoflivinginmodernsocietiesforeventhepoorestofpeople.Thiscomparativewealthacrosstimeisalsoapplicabletothefuture;giventhistrendofhumanadvancement,itispossiblethatthestandardoflivingthatthewealthiestenjoytodaywillbeconsideredimpoverishedbyfuturegenerations. Industrializationemphasizedtheroleoftechnology.Manyjobswereautomated.Machinesreplacedsomeworkerswhileotherworkersbecamemorespecialized.Labourspecializationbecamecriticaltoeconomicsuccess.However,physicalcapital,asitcametobeknown,consistingofboththenaturalcapitalandtheinfrastructuralcapital,becamethefocusoftheanalysisofwealth.[citationneeded] AdamSmithsawwealthcreationasthecombinationofmaterials,labour,land,andtechnologyinsuchawayastocaptureaprofit(excessabovethecostofproduction).[11]ThetheoriesofDavidRicardo,JohnLocke,JohnStuartMill,inthe18thcenturyand19thcenturybuiltontheseviewsofwealththatwenowcallclassicaleconomics. Marxianeconomics(seelabortheoryofvalue)distinguishesintheGrundrissebetweenmaterialwealthandhumanwealth,defininghumanwealthas"wealthinhumanrelations";landandlabourwerethesourceofallmaterialwealth.TheGermanculturalhistorianSilvioViettalinkswealth/povertytorationality.Havingaleadingpositioninthedevelopmentofrationalsciences,innewtechnologiesandineconomicproductionleadstowealth,whiletheoppositecanbecorrelatedwithpoverty.[12][13] Amountofwealthintheworld[edit] Countriesbytotalwealth(trillionsUSD),CreditSuisse Worldregionsbytotalwealth(intrillionsUSD),2018 ThewealthofhouseholdsworldwideamountstoUS$280trillion(2017).AccordingtotheeightheditionoftheGlobalWealthReport,intheyeartomid-2017,totalglobalwealthroseatarateof6.4%,thefastestpacesince2012andreachedUS$280trillion,againofUS$16.7trillion.Thisreflectedwidespreadgainsinequitymarketsmatchedbysimilarrisesinnon-financialassets,whichmovedabovethepre-crisisyear2007'slevelforthefirsttimethisyear.Wealthgrowthalsooutpacedpopulationgrowth,sothatglobalmeanwealthperadultgrewby4.9%andreachedanewrecordhighofUS$56,540peradult.TimHarfordhasassertedthatasmallchildhasgreaterwealththanthe2billionpoorestpeopleintheworldcombined,sinceasmallchildhasnodebt.[14] Accordingtothe2021globalwealthreportbyMcKinsey&Company,theworldwidetotalnetworthiscurrentlyatUS$514trillionin2020,withChinabeingthewealthiestnationwithnetworthofUS$120trillion.[15][16][17]However,anotherreportbyCreditSuissein2021foundthatthetotalwealthoftheUSstillexceededthatofChina,withtheUShavingUSD126.3trillionandChinahavingUSD74.9trillion.[18] Wealthiestcities[edit] World's15richestcitiesin2017.[19] Wealthintrillions City Wealth NewYorkCity $3trillion London $2.7trillion Tokyo $2.5trillion SanFranciscoBayArea $2.3trillion Beijing $2.2trillion Shanghai $2trillion LosAngeles $1.4trillion HongKong $1.3trillion Sydney $1trillion Singapore $1trillion Chicago $0.98trillion Mumbai $0.94trillion Toronto $0.94trillion Frankfurt $0.91trillion Paris $0.8trillion Philosophicalanalysis[edit] InWesterncivilization,wealthisconnectedwithaquantitativetypeofthought,inventedintheancientGreek"revolutionofrationality",involvingforinstancethequantitativeanalysisofnature,therationalizationofwarfare,andmeasurementineconomics.[12][13]Theinventionofcoinedmoneyandbankingwasparticularlyimportant.Aristotledescribesthebasicfunctionofmoneyasauniversalinstrumentofquantitativemeasurement –"foritmeasuresallthings[...]" –makingthingsalikeandcomparableduetoasocial"agreement"ofacceptance.[20]Inthatway,moneyalsoenablesanewtypeofeconomicsocietyandthedefinitionofwealthinmeasurablequantities,suchasgoldandmoney.ModernphilosopherslikeNietzschecriticizedthefixationonmeasurablewealth:"Unsere‘Reichen'–dassinddieÄrmsten!DereigentlicheZweckallesReichtumsistvergessen!"("Our'richpeople'–thosearethepoorest!Therealpurposeofallwealthhasbeenforgotten!")[21] Economicanalysisofwealthaccumulation[edit] "Savings"redirectshere.Fortheconceptofnon-expenditureofincomeperunitoftime,seeSaving.ForSavingsasabusinessobjective,seeProcurement§ Procurementperformance. Ineconomics,wealth(inacommonlyappliedaccountingsense,sometimessavings)isthenetworthofaperson,household,ornation–thatis,thevalueofallassetsownednetofallliabilitiesowedatapointintime.Fornationalwealthasmeasuredinthenationalaccounts,thenetliabilitiesarethoseowedtotherestoftheworld.[22]Thetermmayalsobeusedmorebroadlyasreferringtotheproductivecapacityofasocietyorasacontrasttopoverty.[23]Analyticalemphasismaybeonitsdeterminantsordistribution.[24] Economicterminologydistinguishesbetweenwealthandincome.Wealthorsavingsisastockvariable–thatis,itismeasurableatadateintime,forexamplethevalueofanorchardonDecember31minusdebtowedontheorchard.Foragivenamountofwealth,sayatthebeginningoftheyear,incomefromthatwealth,asmeasurableoversayayearisaflowvariable.Whatmarkstheincomeasaflowisitsmeasurementperunitoftime,suchasthevalueofapplesyieldedfromtheorchardperyear. Inmacroeconomictheorythe'wealtheffect'mayrefertotheincreaseinaggregateconsumptionfromanincreaseinnationalwealth.Onefeatureofitseffectoneconomicbehavioristhewealthelasticityofdemand,whichisthepercentagechangeintheamountofconsumptiongoodsdemandedforeachone-percentchangeinwealth. Thereareseveralhistoricaldevelopmentaleconomicspointsofviewonthebasisofwealth,suchasfromPrinciplesofPoliticalEconomybyJohnStuartMill,TheWealthofNationsbyAdamSmith,CapitalbyKarlMarx,etc.[25]Overthehistory,someofthekeyunderlyingfactorsinwealthcreationandthemeasurementofthewealthincludethescalableinnovationandapplicationofhumanknowledgeintheformofinstitutionalstructureandpolitical/ideological"superstructure",thescarceresources(bothnaturalandman-made),andthesavingofmonetaryassets. Wealthmaybemeasuredinnominalorrealvalues–thatis,inmoneyvalueasofagivendateoradjustedtonetoutpricechanges.Theassetsincludethosethataretangible(landandcapital)andfinancial(money,bonds,etc.).Measurablewealthtypicallyexcludesintangibleornonmarketableassetssuchashumancapitalandsocialcapital.Ineconomics,'wealth'correspondstotheaccountingterm'networth',butismeasureddifferently.Accountingmeasuresnetworthintermsofthehistoricalcostofassetswhileeconomicsmeasureswealthintermsofcurrentvalues.Butanalysismayadapttypicalaccountingconventionsforeconomicpurposesinsocialaccounting(suchasinnationalaccounts).Anexampleofthelatterisgenerationalaccountingofsocialsecuritysystemstoincludethepresentvalueprojectedfutureoutlaysconsideredtobeliabilities.[26]Macroeconomicquestionsincludewhethertheissuanceofgovernmentbondsaffectsinvestmentandconsumptionthroughthewealtheffect.[27] Environmentalassetsarenotusuallycountedinmeasuringwealth,inpartduetothedifficultyofvaluationforanon-marketgood.Environmentalorgreenaccountingisamethodofsocialaccountingforformulatingandderivingsuchmeasuresontheargumentthataneducatedvaluationissuperiortoavalueofzero(astheimpliedvaluationofenvironmentalassets).[28] Sociologicaltreatments[edit] Wealthandsocialclass[edit] Globalshareofwealthbywealthgroup,CreditSuisse,2021 Globalshareofwealthbywealthgroup,CreditSuisse,2017 Socialclassisnotidenticaltowealth,butthetwoconceptsarerelated(particularlyinMarxisttheory),[29]leadingtotheconceptofsocioeconomicstatus.Wealthattheindividualorhouseholdlevelreferstovalueofeverythingapersonorfamilyowns,includingpersonalpropertyandfinancialassets.[30] InbothMarxistandWeberiantheory,classisdividedintoupper,middle,andlower,witheachfurthersubdivided(e.g.,uppermiddleclass).[29] Theupperclassareschooledtomaintaintheirwealthandpassittofuturegenerations.[31] Themiddleclassviewswealthassomethingforemergenciesanditisseenasmoreofacushion.Thisclasscomprisespeoplethatwereraisedwithfamiliesthattypicallyownedtheirownhome,plannedaheadandstressedtheimportanceofeducationandachievement.Theyearnasignificantamountofincomeandalsohavesignificantamountsofconsumption.However,thereislimitedsavings(deferredconsumption)orinvestments,besidesretirementpensionsandhomeownership.[31] WealthinequalityintheUnitedStatesworsenedfrom1989to2013.[32] Belowthemiddleclass,theworkingclassandpoorhavetheleastamountofwealth,withcircumstancesdiscouragingaccumulationofassets.[31] Distribution[edit] Mainarticle:Distributionofwealth Althoughprecisedataarenotavailable,thetotalhouseholdwealthintheworld,excludingthevalueofhumancapital,hasbeenestimatedat$418.3trillion(US$418.3×1012)attheendoftheyear2020.[33] For2018,theWorldBankestimatedthevalueoftheworld'sproducedcapital,naturalcapital,andhumancapitaltobe$1,152trillion.[34]AccordingtotheKuznetscurve,inequalityofwealthandincomeincreasesduringtheearlyphasesofeconomicdevelopment,stabilizesandthenbecomesmoreequitable. Asof2008[update],about90%ofglobalwealthisdistributedinNorthAmerica,Europe,and"richAsia-Pacific"countries,[35]andin2008,1%ofadultswereestimatedtohold40%ofworldwealth,anumberwhichfallsto32%whenadjustedforpurchasingpowerparity.[36]AccordingtoRichardHRopers,theconcentrationofwealthintheUnitedStatesis"inequitablydistributed".[37] In2013,1%ofadultswereestimatedtohold46%ofworldwealth[38]andaround$18.5trillionwasestimatedtobestoredintaxhavensworldwide.[39] Seealso[edit] WikiquotehasquotationsrelatedtoWealth. GrossNationalHappiness Happinesseconomics Productivityimprovingtechnologies(historical) Qualityoflife Workingtime Listofwealthiesthistoricalfigures References[edit] ^"Totalwealthpercapita".OurWorldinData.RetrievedMarch7,2020. ^"weal".TheAmericanHeritageDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage(4th ed.).HoughtonMifflinCompany.RetrievedFebruary21,2009. ^"TheMillionaireNextDoor".movies2.nytimes.com.RetrievedSeptember27,2018. ^Denis"AuthenticDevelopment:IsitSustainable?",pp.189–205inBuildingSustainableSocieties,DennisPirages,ed.,M.E.Sharpe,ISBN 978-1563247385.(1996) ^Kronman,AnthonyT.(March1980)."WealthMaximizationasaNormativePrinciple".TheJournalofLegalStudies.9(2):227–242.doi:10.1086/467637.S2CID 153759163. ^RobertL.Heilbroner,19872008.TheNewPalgrave:ADictionaryofEconomics,v.4,pp.880–883.Briefpreviewlink. ^"Freeexchange:Therealwealthofnations".TheEconomist.June30,2012.RetrievedJuly14,2012. ^"InclusiveWealthReport".Ihdp.unu.edu.IHDP.July9,2012.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonJune30,2012.RetrievedJuly14,2012. ^"Networthofwwesuperstars".RetrievedAugust27,2017. ^"HowWealthisCreated".WorldBookEncyclopedia.Vol. 15.TheGrolierSociety.1949.p. 5357. ^Smith,Adam.AnInquiryintotheNatureandCausesoftheWealthofNations ^abVietta,Silvio(2013).ATheoryofGlobalCivilization:RationalityandtheIrrationalastheDrivingForcesofHistory.KindleEbooks. ^abVietta,Silvio(2012).Rationalität.EineWeltgeschichte.EuropäischeKulturgeschichteundGlobalisierung.Fink. ^"GlobalWealthReport."(October18,2018).CreditSuisseResearchInstitute.Credit-Suisse.com.RetrievedDecember10,2018. ^"GlobalwealthsurgesasChinaovertakesUStograbtopspot:McKinseyreport".TheStraitsTimes.November15,2021. ^"GlobalWealthSurgesasChinaOvertakesU.S.toGrabTopSpot".Bloomberg.November14,2021. ^"ChinaovertakesUSasworld'srichestnationasglobalwealthsurges".IndiaToday.November16,2021. ^https://www.credit-suisse.com/media/assets/corporate/docs/about-us/research/publications/global-wealth-report-2021-en.pdf[bareURLPDF] ^Dr.AmarendraBhushanDhiraj(February12,2018)."World's15RichestCitiesIn2017:NewYork,London,AndTokyo,TopsList".CEOWorldMagazine. ^Aristotle.NicomacheanEthics.p. 1133a. ^Nietzsche.WerkeindreiBänden.III.p. 419. ^•PaulA.SamuelsonandWilliamD.Nordhaus,2004,18thed.Economics,"GlossaryofTerms."  •NancyD.Ruggles,1987."socialaccounting,"TheNewPalgrave:ADictionaryofEconomics,v.4,pp. 377–382,[380]. ^•AdamSmith,1776.TheWealthofNations.  •DavidS.Landes,1998.TheWealthandPovertyofNations.Review.  •ParthaDasgupta,1993.AnInquiryintoWell-BeingandDestitution.Descriptionandreview. ^•JohnBatesClark,1902.TheDistributionofWealthAnalyticalTableofContents.  •E.N.Wolff,2002."WealthDistribution,"InternationalEncyclopediaoftheSocial&BehavioralSciences,pp.16394–16401.Abstract.  •RobertL.Heilbroner,1987.[2008]).TheNewPalgrave:ADictionaryofEconomics,v.4,pp.880–883.Briefpreviewlink. ^ CharlesTuttle,TheWealthConcept.AStudyinEconomicTheory,Source:TheAnnalsoftheAmericanAcademyofPoliticalandSocialScience,Apr.,1891,Vol.1(Apr.,1891),pp.615–634,Publishedby:SagePublications,Inc.inassociationwiththeAmericanAcademyof PoliticalandSocialScience,JSTOR 1008953 ^•JagadeeshGokhale,2008."Generationalaccounting."TheNewPalgraveDictionaryofEconomics,2ndEdition.Abstractanduncorrectedproof.  •LaurenceJ.Kotlikoff,1992,GenerationalAccounting.FreePress. ^RobertJ.Barro,1974."AreGovernmentBondsNetWealth?",JournalofPoliticalEconomy,8(6),pp.1095–1111. ^•SjakSmulders,2008."greennationalaccounting,"TheNewPalgraveDictionaryofEconomics,2ndEdition.Abstract.  •UnitedStatesNationalResearchCouncil,1994.AssigningEconomicValuetoNaturalResources,NationalAcademyPress.Chapter-previewlinks. ^abGrant,J.Andrew(2001)."class,definitionof".InJones,R.J.Barry(ed.).RoutledgeEncyclopediaofInternationalPoliticalEconomy:EntriesA–F.Taylor&Francis.p. 161.ISBN 978-0415243506. ^Team,TheInvestopedia."WealthDefinition".Investopedia.RetrievedJune13,2021. ^abcSherraden,Michael.AssetsandthePoor:ANewAmericanWelfarePolicy.Armonk:M.E.Sharpe,Inc.,1991. ^"TrendsinFamilyWealth,1989to2013".CongressionalBudgetOffice.August18,2016. ^"TheGlobalWealthReport".CreditSuisse. ^Bank,World(October27,2021)."TheChangingWealthofNations,2021".WorldBankGroup. ^JamesB.Davies,SusannaSandström,AnthonyShorrocks,andEdwardN.Wolff.(2008).TheWorldDistributionofHouseholdWealth,p8.UNU-WIDER. ^JamesB.Davies,SusannaSandström,AnthonyShorrocks,andEdwardN.Wolff.(2008).TheWorldDistributionofHouseholdWealth.UNU-WIDER. ^Ropers,RichardH,Ph.D.PersistentPoverty:TheAmericanDreamTurnedNightmare.NewYork:InsightBooks,1991. ^"GlobalWealthReport2013".ArchivedfromtheoriginalonFebruary14,2015.RetrievedJanuary22,2014. ^"Taxonthe'private'billionsnowstashedawayinhavensenoughtoendextremeworldpovertytwiceover".OxfamInternational.May22,2013.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonDecember23,2015.RetrievedJanuary22,2014. Furtherreading[edit] Lee,DwightR.(2008)."WealthandPoverty".InHamowy,Ronald(ed.).TheEncyclopediaofLibertarianism.ThousandOaks,CA:Sage;CatoInstitute.pp. 537–539.doi:10.4135/9781412965811.n326.ISBN 978-1412965804.LCCN 2008009151.OCLC 750831024. vteCapitalismAspectsandperspectivesGeneral Anarchyofproduction Businesscycle Centralization Competition Depression Deregulation Economicbubble Economicdevelopment Economicliberalism Economicplanning Entrepreneurship Ecopreneurship Externality Financialcrisis FinancialRevolution Globalization Historyofcapitalisttheory IndustrialRevolution Invention Marketeconomy Marketfailure Merchantilism Meritocracy Multinationalcorporation Nationalization Oligopoly Perspectivesoncapitalismbyschoolofthought Privatization Profit Propertyrights Recession Regulation Wagelabour Wealth Ideology Anglo-Saxon Authoritarian Corporate Democratic Dirigist Free-market Humanistic Laissez-faire Liberal Libertarian Market Mercantilist Mixed Monopoly National Neo Neoliberal Nordic Private Raw Regulatedmarket Regulatory Rhine Social State State-sponsored Welfare Culturalaspects Advertising AmericanDream Consumerism Decentralization Economicfreedom Economicmobility Individualism Liberalism Liberty Mainstream Philanthropy Privatefoundation Privateproperty Ruleoflaw Socialalienation Spontaneousorder Socialaspects Corporatism Economicinequality Employment Freedomofassociation Labourmarketflexibility Laboursupply Productivity Prosperity Socialventurecapital Unemployment Criticism Anti-capitalism Critiqueofpoliticaleconomy Critiqueofwork Marketfundamentalism Marxism Wageslavery Antithesis Anarchism Anarcho-communism Anarcho-primitivism Anarcho-syndicalism Collectivistanarchism Communalism Communism Economicdemocracy Eco-socialism Free-marketsocialism Greenanarchism Individualistanarchism Libertariansocialism Marketanarchism Marketsocialism Mutualism Post-capitalism Post-scarcityeconomy Sharingeconomy Socialanarchism Socialism Syndicalism vteExtremewealthConcepts Capitalaccumulation Overaccumulation Economicinequality Elite Oligarchy Overclass Plutocracy Plutonomy Upperclass Nouveauriche(newmoney) Vieuxriche(oldmoney) Veblengoods Conspicuousconsumption Conspicuousleisure People Billionaire Captainofindustry High-net-worthindividual UHNWI Magnate Business Millionaire Oligarch Business Russian Ukrainian Robberbaron Wealth Concentration Distribution Dynastic Effect Geography Inherited Management National Paper Religion Tax ListsPeople Forbeslistofbillionaires Femalebillionaires Richestroyals WealthiestAmericans Wealthiestfamilies Wealthiesthistoricalfigures Organizations Largestcompaniesbyrevenue Largestcorporateprofitsandlosses Largestcorporationsbymarketcapitalization Largestfinancialservicescompaniesbyrevenue Largestmanufacturingcompaniesbyrevenue Largestsoftwarecompaniesbyrevenue Largesttechnologycompaniesbyrevenue Charities Philanthropists Universities Endowmentsize Numberofbillionairealumni Other Citiesbynumberofbillionaires Countriesbynumberofbillionaires Countriesbytotalwealth Mostexpensiveitems bycategory Wealthiestanimals Seealso Diseasesofaffluence Affluenza Argumentumadcrumenam Prosperitytheology Philanthropy GospelofWealth TheGivingPledge Philanthrocapitalism Venturephilanthropy Sayings Therichgetricherandthepoorgetpoorer Socialismfortherichandcapitalismforthepoor Toobigtofail Media DasKapital Plutus Greekgodofwealth Superclass List TheTheoryoftheLeisureClass Wealth TheWealthofNations Category bycountry Commons Search Commons AuthoritycontrolNationallibraries Spain France(data) Germany Israel UnitedStates CzechRepublic Other HistoricalDictionaryofSwitzerland 2 NationalArchives(US) Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wealth&oldid=1100812159" 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