Taiwan Open Government Report - 開放政府觀察報告

Laws, Regulations, and Policies. Build a Solid Foundation of Open Government ... 場邊心得：開放政府觀察報告大亂鬥—— 許一份既專業、又親和的台灣民主體檢書 OGR2014-16報告Report資料Data下載Download關於about中文{{n.message}}中文報告 EnglishReportLaws,Regulations,andPoliciesLaws,Regulations,andPoliciesBuildaSolidFoundationofOpenGovernmentKeyFindings NodedicatedlawonopengovernmentandopendatainTaiwan ThereisnodedicatedlawonopengovernmentandopendatainTaiwan.Promotionmostlyreliesonexecutiveorders.ExceptfortheAdministrativeProcedureLaw,citizenparticipationprocessanddeliberativeparticipationisnotyetinstitutionalized. TaiwanGovernmentstartedaseriesofpoliciesmakingonopendatain2012 Intheearlydays,theAdministrativeProcedureLawandtheFreedomofGovernmentInformationLawwerethekeylawsstipulatingthatgovernmentinformationshouldbemadepublic.In2012,thankstothecallforopengovernmentworldwideandfortransparentgovernanceinTaiwan,thegovernmentstartedtoputmanyeffortsintoformulatingpoliciesandexecutiveordersrelatedtoopengovernment. OpendataismainlydrivenbytheExecutiveYuanandsupportedbytheadvisoryteamscomposedofagenciesandcivilsocietyrepresentatives.However,thisstructuredoesnotworkwellasexpected InTaiwan,opengovernmentandopendatapoliciesweremainlydrivenbytheExecutiveYuanwiththeBoardofScienceandTechnology(BOST)andtheNationalInformationandCommunicationsInitiativeCommittee(NICI)asitsstafforganizations.Allsecond-levelagenciesundertheExecutiveYuanhaveanopendataadvisoryteam.However,duetothelackofknowledgeinopendataamongadministrativeagencies,theabovestructuredoesnotworkasexpected. TheTaiwanesegovernmentlackshigh-levelplanningwhenitcomestoopengovernment.Theresultofopendatapolicyhighlyreliesonthepoliticalwillofpoliticalappointees Thegovernmentdoesnothaveaclearblueprintofopengovernmentandhowitworksincurrentgovernmentalstructure.Thatiswhythegovernmenthasmademanypoliticalvaluablepromisesyetlackconcretestrategicplanningfortheframework,politicalculture,andlegislation. ReadtheReportOpenGovernmentDataOpenGovernmentDataTransparency,Accoutability,andApplicationKeyFindings Toomuchfocusoneconomicdevelopmentandnotenoughongovernmentaccountabilityandsocialjustice Forthepastthreeyears,opendatahasbeenpromotedforitseconomicbenefitswithoutanoverallindustrypolicy.Taiwanhasperformedrelativelypoorlyintermsofopeningdataregardinggovernmenttransparencyandaccountabilityandthereisnoopendatastrategytargetingthedisadvantagedandpromotingequality. Quantityoverquality,manykeydatasetswerescatteredacrossmultiplewebsites Governmentagencieshavetriedtoopenmoreandmoredatabutneglecteddataquality.Asaresult,thequalityofdatasetsisjaggedandmanyhavetobemanuallyprocessedtobeused.Additionally,Taiwan’sagenciesreleasedataontheirwebsitesaccordingtothecountry’sInformationLaw,yetthedataismostlynotinopenformats.IfthedatacanbefurtherstructuredandintegratedintoDATA.GOV.TW,itwillbemoresearchableandeasiertouse. Notenoughimpact,policyshouldbedrivenbywhatcitizensandcivilservantsneed Uptotoday,opendatastillhasnosignificantimpactonopengovernment,citizenparticipation,andeventhedataeconomy.Thegovernmentneedstorethinkthevalueofopendata,conductsurveystofindouttheneedsofpotentialusers,anddeveloppolicydirectionsthatmakethedatamore“useful”.Theuserscanincludecivilsocietyorganizationsthatmonitorthegovernment,techcommunitiesthatusethedata,entrepreneursandbusinessesthatelevatedatavalue,andcivilservantswhoarebothproducersandusers. Civilserviceisshortof“digitalpower”,systemreformismuchneeded Duetorigidbureaucracy,anobsoleteinformationsystem,andlackofcoordinationbetweengovernmentbodies,opendatahasbeenpreventedfromimprovingadministrativeefficiencyandevenbecomeaheavyworkloadforcivilservants.Thegovernmentneedstogobeyondpromises,stopgivingmoreandmorepolicyinstructions,andconductacomprehensivereviewandreformofthecivilservicesystem,whichincludeshiring,training,lawsandregulations,andinformationsystem. KPIdriven,failedtopicturewhatroleopendatashouldplayingovernance TheTaiwaneseGovernmenthasworkedonopendataformanyyearsandmadevariousachievements,suchastheDATA.GOV.TWwebsite,therisingquantityofopendatasets,andnumeroushackathons.Yettheseachievementsweremeanttocreateshort-term,highperformancemarksthataremeasuredbyKPIs.Thegovernmentdoesnotyethaveanoverallplancoveringkeyaspectsofopendata,includingadministrativeprocedures,digitalgovernance,anddataeconomy.Factorssuchasalackofcomprehensivelegislationandpolicy,aswellasoutdatedsystemsandpersonnelmanagementmeanthatthesuccessofopendatainitiativesrelyheavilyonthewillofthepoliticalleader.Withoutimplicitpolicyorordersfromthetop,opendatabringslittletangiblechange. ReadtheReportCitizenParticipationCitizenParticipationReturnthePowerBacktothePeopleKeyFindings CitizenparticipationhastakenrootinTaiwanandthegoalhasbeentolowerthethresholdtobroadenparticipation Citizenparticipationmodelsbuiltondeliberativedemocracyandopengovernmenthaveemerged.Theymostlyemployonlinetoolsandaredesignedtolowerthethresholdofparticipationthroughlessrigorousformsofdiscussion.Theyaredistinctfromconventionalformsofcitizenparticipation(suchaspublichearings)andfromdeliberativedemocracyinthenarrowsensewhichissmallinscaleandwithstrictforms. Thepoliticalwillofpoliticalleadersplaysacriticalroleincitizenparticipation Realizationofcitizenparticipationreliesonthepoliticalwillofpoliticians.Thesuccessofpromotingparticipationliesinhorizontalconnectionsandthewillingnessofleaderstobeintegratedintothisprocess,whichthenpushestheagenciesanddepartmentswithinthebureaucracytogetinvolved. Thestageofpolicymakingatwhichcitizenparticipationisintroduceddirectlyaffectsitssignificance Thestageofpolicymakingatwhichcitizenparticipationisintroducedhasadecisiveinfluenceontheimpactofparticipation.Inaddition,agendasetting,choiceofissues,andtheinitiativesallplayimportantroles.Themethodandprocessofparticipationalsodeterminethequalityofparticipation. Citizenparticipationisstilllargelyexperimentalwhilesomemodelsarebeinginstitutionalized Mostcasesofcitizenparticipationinthischapterwereexperimental.Afewwereimplementedthroughadministrativeordersandsomearebeingnormalizedorinstitutionalized,suchasparticipatorybudgetingatthelocallevel. Toimprovethequalityofparticipation,itisimportanttotraincivilservantsindeliberativeskillsandinviteintermediariestohelpsimplifythelanguageandconnectdifferentparties Currently,empoweringandtrainingcivilservantsisthemosturgenttask.Itisalsoimportanttoinviteintermediariestohelpsimplifythelanguageusedduringdiscussioninordertolowerthethresholdofparticipation.Theseintermediariescanalsohelpinformcitizens,andatthesametime,guaranteequalitydiscussion. ReadtheReportCivicTechCollaborationCivicTechCollaborationCreateaCollaborativeRelationshipBetweentheGovernmentandCitizensKeyFindings Peoplearethekeyfactorinthecurrentdevelopmentofcivictech Inthefaceofinadequatesystems,civictechcollaborationrequireseffortfrompeopleinavarietyofroles:leadersmustcontributepoliticalsupport,mediatorsmustengageincommunicationandcoordination,andthecollaboratingpartiesmustsharegoalsandvaluesandbewillingtolearneachother’slanguageandculture. Civictechemphasizesequality,mutualbenefit,andanopenapproachtopowerandrelationships Thegoalofcivictechistoestablishequalandmutuallybeneficialcollaborativerelationships,nottoprovideITservicesforfree.Asthecollaboratingpartiesidentifyproblemsandstreamlineprocessestogether,civictechprovidesnotonlyopentoolsandmechanisms,butalsoanopenapproachtopowerandrelationshipsintheinteractionprocess. Governmentsmustre-thinktheirapproachtogovernanceandshiftfirsttoward“smallgovernment”andfinallytoward“opengovernment” Civictechgoesbeyondthetraditionaltop-downmodelofbureaucraticgovernance,emphasizinganetworkofhorizontalconnectionsthattransformsthegovernmentfromarulertoanopencollaborator.Thistransformationenablesashiftfrombiggovernmenttowardsmallgovernment,andfinallytowardopengovernment. Futurechallenges:Howcanbotholdandnewmechanismsandsystemsbeintegrated? Thusfar,civictechcollaborationinTaiwanhasbeenlimitedtosinglead-hoccases.Withnoinstitutionalizedmodelforco-operation,thescaleofinfluenceremainslimited.Therearealsonoclearrulesonwheretheresponsibilityforoperationalmaintenancelies,andwhoisultimatelyaccountable.Howsystemsandprocessescreatedbycivictechcanbeintegratedintoexistingmechanismsiscurrentlyamajorchallenge. Futurechallenges:Howcanamaturecivictechecosystembeestablished? Taiwanurgentlyneedsacivictechecosystemthatincorporatesgovernments,communities,andcorporations,insteadofrelyingontheeffortsandnetworksofafew,inordertoexpandthescaleandinfluenceofcivictech. ReadtheReportAnycomment?Discusshere!TaiwanOpenGovernmentReport2014-2016ThisworkisproducedbyOpenCultureFoundation.GithubTermofUseContactUsSupportUs分享Tweet