DNA methylation patterns and epigenetic memory - Genes ...

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Processes less irrevocable than mutation fall under the umbrella term “epigenetic” mechanisms. A current definition of epigenetics is: “The study of ... Skiptomainpagecontent HOME ABOUT SUBMIT SUBSCRIBE ADVERTISE AUTHORINFO ARCHIVE CONTACT HELP SearchforKeyword: GO AdvancedSearch DNAmethylationpatternsandepigeneticmemory AdrianBird1 WellcomeTrustCentreforCellBiology,UniversityofEdinburgh,EdinburghEH93JR,UK Thisextractwascreatedintheabsenceofanabstract. Thecharacterofacellisdefinedbyitsconstituentproteins,whicharetheresultofspecificpatternsofgeneexpression. CrucialdeterminantsofgeneexpressionpatternsareDNA-bindingtranscriptionfactorsthatchoosegenesfortranscriptional activationorrepressionbyrecognizingthesequenceofDNAbasesintheirpromoterregions.Interactionofthesefactors withtheircognatesequencestriggersachainofevents,ofteninvolvingchangesinthestructureofchromatin,thatleads totheassemblyofanactivetranscriptioncomplex(e.g.,Cosmaetal.1999).Butthetypesoftranscriptionfactorspresentinacellarenotalonesufficienttodefineitsspectrumofgeneactivity, asthetranscriptionalpotentialofagenomecanbecomerestrictedinastablemannerduringdevelopment.Theconstraints imposedbydevelopmentalhistoryprobablyaccountfortheverylowefficiencyofcloninganimalsfromthenucleiofdifferentiated cells(Rideoutetal.2001;WakayamaandYanagimachi2001).A“transcriptionfactorsonly”modelwouldpredictthatthegeneexpressionpatternofadifferentiatednucleuswouldbe completelyreversibleuponexposuretoanewspectrumoffactors.Althoughmanyaspectsofexpressioncanbereprogrammed inthisway(Gurdon1999),somemarksofdifferentiationareevidentlysostablethatimmersioninanaliencytoplasmcannoterasethememory. Thegenomicsequenceofadifferentiatedcellisthoughttobeidenticalinmostcasestothatofthezygotefromwhichit isdescended(mammalianBandTcellsbeinganobviousexception).Thismeansthatthemarksofdevelopmentalhistoryare unlikelytobecausedbywidespreadsomaticmutation.Processeslessirrevocablethanmutationfallundertheumbrellaterm “epigenetic”mechanisms.Acurrentdefinitionofepigeneticsis:“Thestudyofmitoticallyand/ormeioticallyheritablechanges ingenefunctionthatcannotbeexplainedbychangesin… [FullTextofthisArticle] CiteULike Delicious Digg Facebook Reddit Twitter What'sthis? «Previous|NextArticle» TableofContents ThisArticle doi: 10.1101/gad.947102 Genes&Dev. 2002. 16: 6-21 ColdSpringHarborLaboratoryPress »ExtractFree FullTextFree FullText(PDF)Free ArticleCategory REVIEW Services Alertmewhenthisarticleiscited Alertmeifacorrectionisposted Similararticlesinthisjournal SimilararticlesinWebofScience SimilararticlesinPubMed Downloadtocitationmanager Permissions CitingArticles Loadcitingarticleinformation CitingarticlesviaWebofScience CitingarticlesviaGoogleScholar GoogleScholar ArticlesbyBird,A. Searchforrelatedcontent PubMed/NCBI PubMedcitation ArticlesbyBird,A. RelatedContent ChromatinandGeneExpression Share CiteULike Delicious Digg Facebook Reddit Twitter What'sthis? G&DMostRead Viewall... Tweetsby@genesdev CurrentIssue March1,2022,36(5-6) InThisIssue Isoform-specificmetabolicfunctionsofPPARγ Linkingnucleolarmaturation,generepression,andearlydevelopmentalprogression Rap1functioninregulationofpluripotency AlertmetonewissuesofG&D AdvanceOnlineArticles SubmitaManuscript G&DintheNews EditorialBoard AuthorInformation E-mailAlerts&RSSFeeds RecommendtoYourLibrary JobOpportunities   Home About Submit Subscribe Advertise AuthorInfo Archive Contact Help Copyright©2022byColdSpringHarborLaboratoryPress PrintISSN: 0890-9369 OnlineISSN: 1549-5477

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