Google Interview Process & Questions - MConsultingPrep

Step 5: Pass the executive reviews and get the offer. In this article, we will look at what goes on in each step of Google's hiring process, three different ... SkiptocontentGoogleInterviewProcess&QuestionsGoogleInterviewProcess&QuestionsTableofContentsRecruitmentProcessTipsandTechniquesQuestionTypesLandingajobatthetechgiantGoogleis8timesharderthangettingintoHarvard:Google’sacceptancerateis0.67%,whileHarvard’sacceptancerateis5.2%.In2019,Googlereceivedover3millionapplicationsbuteliminated99.3%ofthem.ThisislargelyduetoGoogle’snotoriouslytoughinterviewprocess.TolandajobatGoogle,herearethestepsyouhavetotake:Step1:PasstheresumescreeningStep2:Passthephonescreenings(1-2rounds)Step3:Passtheon-siteinterviews(4-5rounds)Step4:PassthehiringcommitteereviewsStep5:PasstheexecutivereviewsandgettheofferInthisarticle,wewilllookatwhatgoesonineachstepofGoogle’shiringprocess,threedifferenttypesofGoogle’sinterviewquestions,andthreetipstoaceanyGoogleinterviews.Enjoyreading!1.FiveStepsofTheGoogleRecruitmentProcessGoogle’srecruitmentprocessconsistsoffivemainparts:resumescreening,phonescreenings,on-siteinterviews,hiringcommitteereviews,andexecutivereviews.Whileeachpartofthehiringprocesshasitsownvalue,themostdifficultanddecisivepartsarephonescreenings(1-2rounds),andon-siteinterviews(4-5rounds).Theseinterviewslast45minutesonaverage,withpassratesrangingfrom15%to20%.Step1:PasstheresumescreeningThefirstpartofGoogle’shiringprocessis,similartomostcorporatejobs,resumescreening.Inthisround,recruiterswillscreenyourresumefortechnicalrequirements,education,experience,..tomakesureyou’reapotentialfit. Althoughhiringcriteriadependonrolesandcompany,thefundamentalprinciplesofwritingwinningresumesatGoogleisalmostidenticaltowritingwinningconsultingresumes.Therearethreefundamentalrulesyoumustapplyinyourresume:Rule#1:ExplicitlydisplaytheskillsandtraitsthatGoogleseeksincandidatesWhatGooglelooksforinitsemployeesare:leadershipability,analyticalproblem-solvingskills,excellentwrittenandoralcommunication,“gritty”character,intensecuriosity,andhumility. Rule#2:Writespecific,result-oriented,andexplicitbulletsWhentalkingaboutyourexperiencesandachievements,thewaytogoisthroughobjectiveinformation.Agoodbulletshouldsoundsomethinglike:“Reduceoverheadby20%(or$2MN)foranonlinenewsmediacompanybyleadingacross-functionalteamtomigratetheclient’sfinanceoperationscostcenterstoashared-servicesmodel.”Rule#3:Usingprofessional,structured,andto-thepointlanguageUsingprofessional,structured,andto-thepointlanguageimplicitlyshowsscreenersthatyou’reagoodcommunicator.Highlightingyourachievementswithexplicitnumbersandgoodstructuresalsosavescreeningtimeandleavesagoodimpression.Beforemovingon,IhighlyrecommendyoucheckingoutmyconsultingresumeoverviewandspecificallylookattheresumeexamplesIcorrectedtoseehowtheserulescansuperchargeyourresume. Step2:Passthephonescreenings(1-2rounds)Inthephonescreeningrounds,arecruiter(usuallyateammemberoramanager)willcontactyoutoexplainabitabouttheinterviewprocessandtheroleyou’reapplyingto.Theinterviewlasts30to60minutesdependingontherole. ForTechnicalroles,suchassoftwareengineering,ifthefirstphonescreeninggoeswell,youshouldexpectadditionalrounds.Thesearetechnicalphonescreeningthatinvolvesphonecodingchallengestotestbasicproblem-solvinganddatastructuringskills,suchasDOMmanipulation,orCSS.Ifyourtechnicalphoneinterviewgoeswellyoumaybeaskedtocompleteatakehomecodingproject.Fornon-technicalroles,expectbehavioral,hypothetical,andcase-basedquestionsrelatedtotherole.Forexample,ifyou’reaproductmanagercandidate,youmightbeasked“HowwouldyouimproveGoogleMaps”,or“IfyoucouldimplementanewfeatureforGmail,whatwoulditbe?”.Step3:Passtheon-siteinterviews(4-5rounds)Onceyou’vepassedthephonescreenings,you’llmoveontothetoughon-siteinterviews.Inatypicalon-siteinterview,youwillbeinterviewedwithanother4-5peoplefor45minseach. On-siteinterviewsusuallyconsistof4-5rounds,inwhichtwothingswillbeassessed:(1)Yourfitfortheselectedrole(role-specificfit)and(2)Process,teamwork,andculturefit(firm-specificfit). Fortechnicalroles,therearegenerallytwotypesofinterviewsyoushouldbeawareof:Codingon-siteinterviewsandSystemDesignon-siteinterviews.Foreachtype,expect2ormoreinterviews. Codingon-siteinterviewsinvolvewhiteboardingsolutionstoslightlyharderdatastructuresand/oralgorithmicproblems.Thelesserexperiencedyouare,themorenumberofcodingonsiteinterviewroundsforyou.SystemDesignOnsiteinterviewsinvolvecomingupwithhighleveldesignarchitecturesforreallifeproducts.Themoreexperiencedyouare,themorenumberoftheseinterviewsyoumightface.Forbothtechnicalandnon-technicalroles,you’lldefinitelygetteamwork/process/culturefitinterviews.Thefitinterviewwillbeacombinationoftopicsrangingfromagilemethodologyorworkflow,teamworkandcollaboration,andconflictresolution.Step4:PassthehiringcommitteereviewsCongratulations!You’vepassedthetougheston-siteinterviewrounds.Atthispoint,somecandidatesmovedirectlytothehiringcommitteebutsomecandidatesgothroughtheteam-matchingphase. Intheteam-matchingphase,you’llmeet prospectivemanagerstodiscusstheteamyou’dbejoiningandthetypeofworkyouwoulddo.Ifateamwantsyou,they’lltellyourrecruiteranditwillbeaddedtoyourportfolio,whichwillthenbesubmittedtothehiringcommittee.Oncethatisdone,yourperformancewillbeevaluatedbyahiringcommittee,consistingofseveralGooglerswhoreviewacandidate’sperformancethroughouttheentiretyoftheinterviewprocess. Inthedayortwoleadinguptothehiringcommitteemeeting,thereviewersreadthecandidate’spacketandmakearecommendationonwhetherornottohirethecandidate.Atthemeetingthereviewersdiscusstheirfeedbackandifallmembersagreeanofferwillbeextended.Step5:PasstheexecutivereviewsandgettheofferAfterthehiringcommitteesmeeting,theofferlistawaitsfinalreviewsfromanexecutive.That’sright,atGoogle,oneofthetopexecutiveslooksatalloffersmadebythehiringcommitteesbeforetheyareextendedtocandidates. Often,aCompensationCommitteewilldeterminetheappropriatetotalcompensationfortheoffer.Oncetheresultsareonthetable,yourrecruiterwillcontactyou,breaktheexcitingnews,andexplainthedetailsoftheoffer. 2.ThreeTipstoAceGoogleInterviews ThebeginningofeveryinterviewatGooglewillinvolve15-20minutesofbehaviouralquestions.Hence,it’scrucialthatyoupresentyourselfinaconsistent,thoroughmanner.Mostimportantly,however,youmustdemonstratethetraitsthatGooglelooksforineveryanswer.Below,I’vesummarisedthreetipstohelpyouaceeveryfitinterviewquestion,keepreading!Tip1:Preparestories,notquestionsForanyinterview,especiallyfitinterviews,itisbesttoprepare3-4detailed,all-round,refinedstoriesexhibitingalltherequiredattributes(forGoogle,they’rethebelow“Google”traits).Thisway,youcantunethestoriesaccordingtotheinterviewer’squestionsinaflexible,consistentmanner. Manycandidatesmakethemistakeofpreparingonaper-questionbasis,i.elistingoutthepossiblequestionsandthecorrespondinganswers/stories.Wrappingyourheadaroundinflexibleanswerscanthrowyouoff-balancewhenanunexpectedquestioncomesup.Theresultingstorytellingstyleisalsosomewhatrobotic.Instead,intheCaseInterviewEnd-to-EndSecretsProgram,Iteachastory-basedapproach:selectafewstoriesreflectingyourbest,all-roundself,anddevelopthemindetail. Tip2:Implicitlyshowyour“Googleyness”Toprepareyourstories,compareyourpastexperienceswithGoogletraits,alongwithpersonalvaluesyou’remostproudof,andselectthestoriesbestreflectingthosetraitsandvalues.Youwanttoshowthatyourvaluesandexperiencesperfectlymatchwhatrecruiterslookfor.Sowhatarethesefamous“Google”traits?Aboveall,Googleplacesemphasisonkindness,empathy,andhumilityintheirpeople.Successfulcandidatesalsoexcelinthesecriteria:learningability,teamwork,communicationskills,leadership. Learningability:Googlenotonlyvaluesexcellentcognitiveabilities,butalsoproblem-solvingability,curiosity,andabilitytolearn. Teamwork:WorkingatGoogledemandsthatyou’reagreatteamplayer.Merelybeinganindependent,hard-workingemployeeisn’tgoingtocutit–you’vegottowork,think,andsucceedinteams. Communicationskills:succeedinginteamsalsorequiresexcellentcommunicationskills,andthisholdstruenotonlyforGooglebutmanycompanies. Leadership:Googledefinesleadershipasthewillingnesstostepintoadifficultproblemandstepoutwhentheirexpertiseisnotneeded.OnepersonisnotalwaysgoingtobetherightleaderforeverythingGoogledoes–workwillbehandledinsmall-sizedteams(4-6people)consistingofpeoplewithdifferentskillsets.Tip3:UsetheProblem-Action-ResultframeworkAsthenamesuggests,theProblem-Action-Resultmethod,alsoknownastheSTARmethod,isa techniqueyoucanusetoclearlydemonstratespecificskills/traitsrequiredforajobposition.Usingthisframeworkinstantlymakesyouranswersmorestructured,logical,easyforlistenerstofollow,andeasyforyoutokeeptrackof. STARstandsfor: Situation:Anevent,project,orchallengefacedTask:YourresponsibilitiesandassignmentsforthesituationAction:StepsorproceduretakentorelieveorrectifysituationResult:Resultsofactionstaken.Example:Tellmeaboutatimewhenyouperformedwellunderenormouspressure. STARModelAnswer: Atmypreviousjob,mycoworkersuddenlyneededtotakesometimeoff,andtheirprojectwasleftunfinishedandwithoutamanager.Mysupervisoraskedmetotakeontheproject,andwithnoextensiononthedeadline,Ihaddaystocompleteaprojectthatshouldhavetakenseveralweeks.  Irequestedandwasgrantedreducedweeklygoals,whichfreedupmoretimetofinishthespecialproject.Iwasalsoabletodelegateseveralofmyweeklygoalstootherteammates.Thesereductionsallowedmetofinishtheprojectontimeandwithcompleteaccuracy. Mysupervisorappreciatedmyattitudeanddrive,andIwasgivenseveralmoreprojectsafterthat,alongwithaneventualpromotionandpayraise.3.GoogleInterviews’QuestionTypesandExamplesGoogleInterviewQuestionscomprisesthreemaintypes:Fitquestions,technicalquestions,andbrain-teaserquestions.Fitquestionsmayappearintechnicalinterviews,butaremostlyaskedduring fitinterviews.Technicalquestionsarestrictlylimitedtotechnicalinterviews,andbrain-teaserquestionsmayappearinalltypesofinterviews. Below,Iwillwalkyouthrough(1)whateachquestiontypecontainsand(2)howyoucanapproacheachtype.I’llalsoincludesomesamplequestionssoyou’llhavearoughideaonhowtoapplytherecommendedapproach.No.1:FitQuestions1.Whatitis:Fitquestionsareatypeofquestionaimedatassessingcandidates’suitabilityfortheroletheyappliedfor.Theyarerole-dependent,andwillbeacombinationoftopicsrangingfromagilemethodologyorworkflow,teamworkandcollaboration,andconflictresolution. Forexample,ifyou’reapplyingasaproductmanager,youmightbeaskedthefollowingfitinterviewquestions:What’saproductyoulove/hate?Why?Howwouldyouimproveit?HowwouldyousolvehomelessnessinSanFrancisco?WhydoesStarbuckssometimeshavecoffeeshopsonbothsidesoftheroad?Googlehasinventedatechnologythatmakesairtravel4xcheaperand4xfaster.Whatdoyoudowithit?IfyoucouldimplementanewfeatureforGmail,whatwoulditbe?Whatwillbetheimpactofself-drivingcars?Whattechnologytrendsareyoufollowingatthemoment?You’repartoftheGoogleSearchwebspamteam.Howwouldyoudetectduplicatewebsites?IfyouweretobuildthenextkillerfeatureforGoogle,whatwoulditbe?HowwouldyoudetermineifanewGoogleSearchfeaturelaunchwassuccessful?Tellmeaboutatimewhenyousolvedaconflictatwork.Whichofthecompanyvalues/principlesisyourgreateststrength?Howdoyoumoveforwardwithstakeholderswhowanttogoinonedirectionbutyoudon’tthinkthat’stherightwaytodoit?2.Howtoapproachit:Remember,themainpurposeofbehaviouralquestionsistotestyourfitforthepositionyou’reapplyingto.Hence,thekeyistoprepare3-4storiesgearingtowardsthespecificjobrequirements(professionalexperience,attributes,character,etc). Forexample,ifyou’reapplyingasasoftwareengineer,prepare3-4storiesaboutyourtechnicalexperiences,anddon’tforgettoincludetraitsthatmakegreatsoftwareengineers(supremecommunicationskills,quicklearningability,goodteamplayer,etc),inadditiontotheaforementionedGoogletraits.Toprepareanall-roundedstory,readthisarticleforthefullguide.Alternatively,followthesethreesteps:YOUMAYLIKETHISARTICLEGuidetoFitInterviewHowtonaileveryquestioninfitinterviewsIwanttoknowmore!Laydownthecontentbase: CompareyourpastexperienceswithGoogletraitsalongwithpersonalvaluesyou’remostproudof,andselectthestoriesbestreflectingthosetraitsandvalues. Listdownasmanydetailsofyourstoriesaspossible,makesuretheyfollowthisstructure:Problem,Actions,Result,Lesson.Formthestoryplot: Trimtheunnecessarydetails,simplifythetechnicalpartstohelpthelistenersunderstand,thenrearrangeanddramatizetheresttomakeyouraccomplishmentsreallystandout. AddtheGooglespiritintothemixbyemphasizingtherelevanttraits,tellingyourstoriesinastructuredway,explainingallyouractions,etc.Refineyourstyle: Yourstyleofstory-tellingshouldbeentertainingforbothyouandyouraudience.Taketimetopracticeandfindyourstyle–andremember,itshouldbenatural,otherwiseyouwon’tbeabletouseitinahigh-stress,high-stakeinterview. Keepinmindthatyourstyleshouldbeformal,becauseit’sajobinterviewwe’retalkingabout.Don’tdoyourtrademarksarcasmsthere,it’snotastand-upcomedysession.No.2:TechnicalQuestions1. Whatitis:Technicalquestionsareexclusivelyreservedforcandidatesapplyingfortechnicalroles,suchasSoftwareEngineer,ElectricalEngineer,TestEngineer,NetworkEngineer,tonameafew.Codinginterviewquestionsoftenfallintothefollowingcategories: Graphs/Trees(39%ofquestions,mostfrequent)Arrays/Strings(26%)Dynamicprogramming(12%)Recursion(12%)Geometry/Maths(11%ofquestions,leastfrequent)2.Examplequestions:BelowisacomprehensivelistofFacebookCodingInterviewquestions,forallaforementionedcategories.Solutionsareattheendofeveryproblem. WhatisA/Btesting?Howdoyouavoidaflashofunstyledcontent(FOUC)whilestillkeepingyoursiteaccessibletoallusers?WhatUXnewshaveyoureadlately?Whatexperiencehaveyouhadworkingalongsidedevelopersasadesigner?Tellmeaboutyourdesignprocess.Howwouldyoudescribeinteractiondesigntosomeonewho’sneverheardofit?Howdoyoufindduplicatenumbersinanarrayifitcontainsmultipleduplicates?HowareduplicatesremovedfromagivenarrayinJava?Howisanintegerarraysortedinplaceusingthequicksortalgorithm?Howdoyouremoveduplicatesfromanarrayinplace?What’sthedifferencebetweeninformationarchitectureanduserexperience?HowwouldyouredesignCraigslist?Howwouldyoudesignasystemforcontrollingatoycarusingasmartphone?Walkmethroughaprojectyou’veworkedon Howdoyoufindthethirdnodefromtheendinasinglylinkedlist?HowdoyoufindthesumoftwolinkedlistsusingStack?Howcanagivenstringbereversedusingrecursion?Howdoyoucountanumberofvowelsandconsonantsinagivenstring?Howdoyoucounttheoccurrenceofagivencharacterinastring?Howareallleavesofabinarysearchtreeprinted?Howdoyoucountanumberofleafnodesinagivenbinarytree?Howdoyouperformabinarysearchinagivenarray?Howisaradixsortalgorithmimplemented?Howdoyouswaptwonumberswithoutusingthethirdvariable?Howisamergesortalgorithmimplemented?No.3:Brain-TeaserQuestions1.Whatitis:Brain-teaserquestionsaresomeofthehardestinterviewquestionsthatGoogleitselfinvented.Thistypeofquestionisnotoriouslydifficult,andhasbeenaccusedofbeingunfair,lackingskill-assessmentattributes,andonlyservedtomaketheinterviewerfeelsmarter.ThisiswhyGooglehasbeenmovingawayfromthisquestiontypesince2013. Butbecausethey’renotofficiallyeliminated,there’sstillchancesthatyoumightencounteroneofthem.Hence,it’sstillusefultograsphowtodealwithbrain-teasers.Youwillalsoimpresstheinterviewerwiththeabilitytothinkandworkthroughproblemswithlittledataifyougetthemright. Brain-teaserquestionswillgenerallylooklikethis:HowmanybarbersarethereinChicago?Peoplewhosmokearemuchmorelikelytodeveloplungcancerthanthosewhodonotsmoke.Whatresearchwouldpossiblyshowthatcigarettesmokingdoesnotcausecancer?HowmanygolfballswouldfitintoaBoeing747?Youhavea3gallonjugand5gallonjug,howdoyoumeasureoutexactly4gallons? HowmanygasstationsarethereintheUS?Whatistheanglebetweenthehour-handandtheminute-handofaclockat[time]?IfIrolltwodice,whatistheprobabilitythesumoftheamountsisnine?Howwouldyoutestacalculator?2.Samplequestions&answers:Below,I’vecompiled10brain-teaserquestions,withanswersforeach.Alternatively,checkoutmyfullAtoZbrain-teasersguide,withover30examplequestionsandanswers. Question1:Ifadoctorgivesyouthreepills,tellingyoutotakeoneeveryhalfhour,howmanyminuteswillpassfromtakingthefirstpilltothelastpill?Answer:60minutes.Thereareonlytwo30-minuteintervals,notthree.Question2:Whatisthenextnumberinthefollowingsequence:00122436485?Answer:10.Therearetwoalternatingsequences:0,1,2,3,4,5and0,2,4,6,8.Question3:TwoU.S.coinsaddupto30cents.Ifoneofthemisnotanickel,whatarethetwocoins?Answer:Anickel(5cents),andaquarter(25cents).Thisquestiontricksyouintothinkingneithercoinisanickel.Question4:Amanwasbornin1945,buthe’sonly30yearsoldnow.Howisthispossible?Answer:1945wasthenumberofthehospitalroom. Question5:Abuscanholdxpeople.Itwashalffullfromthestart,andatthefirststop,ypeoplegotoff.Howmanypeoplecannowgetonthebus?Answer:Atthestart,thenumberofvacantseatsonthebuswasx/2.Afterthefirstbusstopitbecomesx/2+y.Question6:Whatisthenextletterinthefollowingseries:YZVWSTPQ?Answer:M.Lettersareinpairs,backwardsskippingeverythirdletter:MN(O)PQ(R)ST(U)VW(X)YZ.Question7:Peoplewhosmokearemuchmorelikelytodeveloplungcancerthanthosewhodonotsmoke.Whatresearchwouldpossiblyshowthatcigarettesmokingdoesnotcausecancer?Answer:Onethatshowsanindirectrelationshipbetweensmokingandlungcancer,i.e“smokingcausesX,Xcauseslungcancer”.Thekeyhereistolookat“cause”asadirectrelationship.Question8:WhatdayfollowsthedaybeforeyesterdayiftwodaysfromnowwillbeSunday?Answer:Thursday.TodayisFridaybecause“twodaysfromnowwillbeSunday”.“dayfollowsthedaybeforeyesterday”isjustyesterday,soit’sThursday.Question9:Aboyandagirlaresittingonabench.“I’magirl,”saysthechildwithbrownhair.“I’maboy,”saysthechildwithblondhair.Ifatleastoneofthemislying,whichoneislying?Answer:Botharelying.Ifanyofthemtoldthetruth,theywoulddeliveronesameanswer.Question10:Anexplorerfoundasilvercoinmarked7BC.Hewastolditwasaforgery.Why?Answer:Youcan’thave“Before-Christ”intheBefore-Christyears,becausenobodyknewwhothisChristwas.GetYourFreeMaterialsNow!KickstartyourcaseinterviewpracticewithourProspectiveCandidateStarterPackOver50tipsandtricks,aframeworkdictionaryandanexamplefromourpremiumCaseInterviewEnd-to-EndSecretsProgramProspectiveCandidateStarterPackUnsubscribeatanytime–MConsultingPrep’sPrivacyPolicyRelatedArticlesGoogleInterviewProcess&QuestionsInthisarticle,wewilllookatwhatgoesonineachstepofGoogle’shiringprocess,threedifferenttypesofGoogle’sinterviewquestions,andthreetipstoaceany...READMORECaseInterview101–TheOnlineGuidebookEverythingyouneedtoknowaboutcaseinterviews,fromfundamentalconceptstoadvancedtips....READMORECaseInterview101–TheOnlineGuidebookEverythingyouneedtoknowaboutcaseinterviews,fromfundamentalconceptstoadvancedtips....READMORESocialShareTableofContentsRecruitmentProcessTipsandTechniquesQuestionTypes$$CONSULTINGConsultingOverviewWhatisManagementConsulting?WhatDoesaConsultantDo?CareerPathsinConsultingConsultingExitOpportunitiesTheMcKinseyWayBookSummaryConsultingFirmsHowareConsultingFirmsOrganized?TopConsultingFirms(2020)MBB–McKinsey,BCG,BainBig4–Deloitte,KPMG,PwC,EYBoutiqueConsultingFirmsApplicationGuidesHowtoGetIntoConsulting?McKinseyInternshipGuideBCGInternshipGuideBainInternshipGuideSalaryReportsComprehensiveSalaryReport(2020)McKinseySalary(2020)BainSalary(2020)BCGSalary(2020)WhyConsulting?WhyManagementConsulting?WhyMcKinsey?WhyBCG?WhyBain?CareerComparisonsConsultingvsBankingConsultingvsAuditingConsultingvsAdvisoryMcKinseyImplemetationvsStrategyRESUMEConsultingResumeResumeWritingGuidew/ExamplesMBBGPARequirementsConsultingCoverLetterCoverLetterWritingGuidew/ExamplesMBBTESTSMcKinseyTestsAllAboutMcKinseySolve/PSG(2022)ScoringCriteriaforSolve13Test-TakingTipsforSolveProblemSolvingTest(2020)BCGTestsBCGOnlineCase(2022)BCGPymetricsTest(2022)BCGPotentialTest(2020)BainTestsBainOnlineTest(2022)MATHConsultingMathAllAboutConsultingMathw/ExamplesSpeedReadingHowtoRead3xFasterCASEINTERVIEWCaseGeneralCaseInterview101CaseInterviewExamplesConsultingInterviewQuestionsOtherinformation…CaseConceptsFrameworksMECEIssueTreeOtherconcepts…CasebyFirmsMcKinseyCases–Interviewer-ledBCG&BainCases–Candidate-ledDeloitteCaseInterviewsOtherfirms…CaseQuestionsCaseQuestionsOverviewMarket-SizingQuestionsBrainTeaserQuestionsOtherquestiontypes…APTITUDETESTSNumericalReasoningTestNumericalReasoningTestOverviewAceNumericalReasoningTestsChallengesinNumericalTestsFailNumericalTests?SubtractComplexFractionsVerbalReasoningTestVerbalReasoningTestOverviewSHLVerbalReasoningTestsVerbalReasoningTestTipsVerbalReasoningTopicsDeductiveLogicalTestWhatisDeductiveReasoning?ChallengesinDeductiveTestsLoginCartNoproductsinthec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