Disinhibition - Wikipedia

In psychology, disinhibition is a lack of restraint manifested in disregard of social conventions, impulsivity, and poor risk assessment. Disinhibition FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch Inpsychology,alackofrestraint ThisarticleneedsattentionfromanexpertinPsychology.Pleaseaddareasonoratalkparametertothistemplatetoexplaintheissuewiththe .WikiProjectPsychologymaybeabletohelprecruitanexpert.(February2021) Inpsychology,disinhibitionisalackofrestraintmanifestedindisregardofsocialconventions,impulsivity,andpoorriskassessment.Disinhibitionaffectsmotor,instinctual,emotional,cognitive,andperceptualaspectswithsignsandsymptomssimilartothediagnosticcriteriaformania.[citationneeded]Hypersexuality,hyperphagia,andaggressiveoutburstsareindicativeofdisinhibitedinstinctualdrives.[1] Contents 1Clinicalconcept 2Treatmentapproaches 2.1Reactive 2.2Proactive 3Seealso 4References 5Externallinks Clinicalconcept[edit] AccordingtoGrafman,etal.,[1]"disinhibition"isalackofrestraintmanifestedinseveralways,affectingmotor,instinctual,emotional,cognitive,andperceptualaspectswithsignsandsymptoms,e.g.,impulsivity,disregardforothersandsocialnorms,aggressiveoutbursts,misconductandoppositionalbehaviours,disinhibitedinstinctualdrivesincludingrisktakingbehavioursandhypersexuality.Disinhibitionisacommonsymptomfollowingbraininjury,orlesions,particularlytothefrontallobeandprimarilytotheorbitofrontalcortex.[2]Theneuropsychiatricsequelaefollowingbraininjuriescouldincludediffusecognitiveimpairment,withmoreprominentdeficitsintherateofinformationprocessing,attention,memory,cognitiveflexibility,andproblemsolving.Prominentimpulsivity,affectiveinstability,anddisinhibitionareseenfrequently,secondarytoinjurytofrontal,temporal,andlimbicareas.Inassociationwiththetypicalcognitivedeficits,thesesequelaecharacterisethefrequentlynoted"personalitychanges"inTBI(TraumaticBrainInjury)patients. Disinhibitionsyndromes,inbraininjuriesandinsultsincludingbraintumors,strokesandepilepsyrangefrommildlyinappropriatesocialbehaviour,lackofcontroloverone'sbehaviourtothefull-blownmania,dependingonthelesionstospecificbrainregions.Severalstudiesinbraintraumasandinsultshavedemonstratedsignificantassociationsbetweendisinhibitionsyndromesanddysfunctionoforbitofrontalandbasotemporalcortices,affectingvisuospatialfunctions,somatosensation,andspatialmemory,motoric,instinctive,affective,andintellectualbehaviours.[2] Disinhibitionsyndromeshavealsobeenreportedwithmania-likemanifestationsinoldagewithlesionstotheorbito-frontalandbasotemporalcortexinvolvinglimbicandfrontalconnections(orbitofrontalcircuit),especiallyintherighthemisphere.[3]Behaviouraldisinhibitionasaresultofdamagetofrontallobecouldbeseenasaresultofconsumptionofalcoholandcentralnervoussystemdepressantsdrugs,e.g.,benzodiazepinesthatdisinhibitthefrontalcortexfromself-regulationandcontrol.[4][5]IthasalsobeenarguedthatADHD,hyperactive/impulsivesubtypehaveageneralbehaviouraldisinhibitionbeyondimpulsivityandmanymorbiditiesorcomplicationsofADHD,e.g.,conductdisorder,anti-socialpersonalitydisorder,substanceabuse,andrisktakingbehavioursareallconsequencesofuntreatedbehaviouraldisinhibition.[6] Treatmentapproaches[edit] Thissectiondoesnotciteanysources.Pleasehelpimprovethissectionbyaddingcitationstoreliablesources.Unsourcedmaterialmaybechallengedandremoved.(June2020)(Learnhowandwhentoremovethistemplatemessage) PositiveBehaviourSupport(PBS)isatreatmentapproachthatlooksatthebestwaytoworkwitheachindividualwithdisabilities.Abehaviouraltherapistconductsafunctionalanalysisofbehaviourwhichhelpstodeterminewaystoimprovethequalityoflifeforthepersonanddoesnotjustdealwithproblembehaviour. Aquickguideforstafftoremindaboutkeyelementsoftreatmentforapersonwithdisabilitiesisbelow.Therearetwomainobjectives:reactingsituationallywhenthebehavioroccurs,andthenactingproactivelytopreventthebehaviourfromoccurring.[citationneeded] Reactive[edit] Reactivestrategiesinclude:[7] Redirection:distractingthepersonbyofferinganotheractivity,orchangingthetopicofconversation.Offerthepersonachoiceof2or3things,butnomorethan3,becausethiscanbeoverwhelming.Inofferingachoice,makesuretopausetoallowthepersontimetoprocesstheinformationandgivearesponse. Talkingtothepersonandfindingoutwhattheproblemis Workingoutwhattheperson'sbehaviouristryingtocommunicate Crisismanagement Proactive[edit] Proactivestrategiestopreventproblemscaninclude:[7] Changetheenvironment:Thiscanincludeincreasingopportunitiesforaccesstoavarietyofactivities,balancingcognitivelyandphysicallydemandingactivitieswithperiodsofrest,providingapredictableenvironmentinordertoreducethelevelofcognitivedemandsontheperson,tryingtoprovideconsistentroutines(bemindfulofeventsthatmaynotoccur,trynottomakepromisesthatcannotbekept,ifunabletogooutataparticulartimethensayso),checkingforsafetyinthehomeenvironment(e.g.,changing/movingfurniture). Teachaskill:Thesecanincludegeneralskillsdevelopmentofusefulcommunicationstrategies,copingskills(e.g.teachthepersonwhattodowhenfeelingangry,anxious) Individualbehavioursupportplans:Theseinvolvereinforcingspecificdesirablebehaviorandignoringthespecificundesirablebehavior(unlessitisdangerous,thepriorityistokeepbothpeoplesafethroughacrisisplanwhichmightinvolveremovingsharpobjectsorweapons,escapingtoasafeplace,givingthepersontimetocalmdown),avoidingthingsyouknowupsetstheperson,strategiestoincreaseengagementinactivities. Broadlyspeaking,whenthebehavioroccurs,assertivelyinanonjudgmental,clear,unambiguouswayprovidefeedbackthatthebehaviorisinappropriate,andsaywhatyoupreferinstead.Forexample,"Jane,you'restandingtooclosewhenyouarespeakingtome,Ifeeluncomfortable,pleasetakeastepback",or"Idon'tlikeitwhenyousayIlookhotinfrontofyourwife,Ifeeluncomfortable,IamyourAttendantCarer/SupportWorker,Iamheretohelpyouwithyourshopping"Alsoinnon-verbalcommunication,communicationcanappearinotherforms,onecouldsay"Idon'tlikeitwhenyoudartyoureyesatmeinthatway".Thenre-directtothenextactivity.Anysubsequentbehaviorignore.Thengenerally,asalmostallbehavioriscommunication,understandwhatthebehavioristryingtocommunicateandlookatwaystohavetheneedmetinmoreappropriateways. Seealso[edit] Boldness Frontotemporaldementia Onlinedisinhibitioneffect Orbitofrontalcortex References[edit] ^abGrafman,Jordan;FrançoisBoller;RitaSloanBerndt;IanH.Robertson;GiacomoRizzolatti(2002).HandbookofNeuropsychology.ElsevierHealthSciences.p. 103.ISBN 978-0-444-50365-7. ^abStarksteinSE,RobinsonRG(1997)."Mechanismofdisinhibitionafterbrainlesions".JNervMentDis.185(2):108–14.doi:10.1097/00005053-199702000-00007.PMID 9048703. ^ShulmanKI(1997)."Disinhibitionsyndromes,secondarymaniaandbipolardisorderinoldage".JAffectDisord.46(3):175–82.doi:10.1016/S0165-0327(97)00156-0.PMID 9547115. ^SilveriMM,RogowskaJ,McCaffreyA,Yurgelun-ToddDA(2011)."AdolescentsatriskforalcoholabusedemonstratealteredfrontallobeactivationduringStroopperformance".AlcoholClinExpRes.35(2):218–28.doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01337.x.PMC 3058318.PMID 21073483. ^CservenkaA,HertingMM,NagelBJ(2012)."Atypicalfrontallobeactivityduringverbalworkingmemoryinyouthwithafamilyhistoryofalcoholism".DrugAlcoholDepend.123(1–3):98–104.doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.10.021.PMC 3294260.PMID 22088655. ^Showraki,Mostafa(2013).ADHD:Revisited.KindleBooks,Amazon. ^abWillis,T.;LaVigna,G.W.(2004)."TipSheet–PositiveBehaviourSupportModel"(PDF).DisabilityWA.Retrieved2009-01-30. Externallinks[edit] TheOnlineDisinhibitionEffect SocialBehaviourInCyberspace ExternalInhibition&Disinhibition vtePsychopathyContexts Infiction Intheworkplace Characteristics Anti-socialbehaviour Bold Callous Diminishedempathy Disinhibited Grandiose Impulsive Lackofguilt Manipulative Pathologicallying Remorseless Shallowaffect Superficiallycharming Relatedtopics Antisocialpersonalitydisorder Conductdisorder Darktriad Historyofpsychopathy Juveniledelinquency Machiavellianism Macdonaldtriad Narcissism PsychopathicPersonalityInventory PsychopathyChecklist Sadisticpersonalitydisorder Sexualsadismdisorder Sociopathy Notabletheorists HerveyM.Cleckley GeorgeE.Partridge RobertD.Hare Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Disinhibition&oldid=1057225504" Categories:HumanbehaviorAbnormalpsychologyHiddencategories:ArticleswithshortdescriptionShortdescriptionisdifferentfromWikidataArticlesneedingexpertattentionwithnoreasonortalkparameterArticlesneedingexpertattentionfromFebruary2021AllarticlesneedingexpertattentionPsychologyarticlesneedingexpertattentionAllarticleswithunsourcedstatementsArticleswithunsourcedstatementsfromNovember2021ArticlesneedingadditionalreferencesfromJune2020Allarticlesneedingadditionalreferences Navigationmenu Personaltools NotloggedinTalkContributionsCreateaccountLogin Namespaces ArticleTalk Variants expanded collapsed Views ReadEditViewhistory More expanded collapsed Search Navigation MainpageContentsCurrenteventsRandomarticleAboutWikipediaContactusDonate Contribute HelpLearntoeditCommunityportalRecentchangesUploadfile Tools WhatlinkshereRelatedchangesUploadfileSpecialpagesPermanentlinkPageinformationCitethispageWikidataitem Print/export DownloadasPDFPrintableversion Languages العربيةفارسیPolski Editlinks