White Matter vs. Gray Matter - Video & Lesson Transcript

What is the function of gray matter and white matter? ... 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Viewbio Instructor ArtemCheprasov Artemhasadoctorofveterinarymedicinedegree. Viewbio Understandthedifferencebetweengrayandwhitematter.Knowthestructureandfunctionofwhitematterinthebrainandspinalcord,andlearnthereasonforthecolordifferencebetweenboth. Updated:11/22/2021 TableofContentsDifferenceBetweenGrayandWhiteMatterLessonSummaryShow Createanaccount DifferenceBetweenGrayandWhiteMatterThetermswhitematterandgraymatterrefertodifferentcomponentsofnervoustissuefoundinthebrainandspinalcord,whichmakeupthecentralnervoussystem(CNS).Neurons,specializedcellswhichsendandrespondtoelectricalimpulses,makeupalargeportionofthenervoussystemandareresponsibleforformingthebasisoftheCNS.NeuronsarrangethemselvesinverydistinctwayswithintheCNS,whichmakesthebrainandspinalcordappearasareasofeithergrayorwhitecolor.Thesedifferencesareduetothepresenceorabsenceofmyelin,afattycoveringontheaxonsofneurons.Graymatterreferstotissuewhichismadeupofnonmyelinatedneurons,whilewhitematterreferstoareasofmyelinatedneurons.LocationofGrayMatterandWhiteMatterWithintheCNS,grayandwhitematterarelocalizedindistinctregions.Thegraymatterofthespinalcordisfounddeeptothewhitematter,andincrosssection,resemblesabutterflyortheletterH.Thebrainstemshowsasimilarorganization,withadditionalgraymatternuclei,orneuroncellbodies,distributedwithinthewhitematter.Inthecerebrum,theorganizationisswitched,withwhitematterbeinginteriortograymatter.GrayMattervsWhiteMatterFunctionAlongwithdifferencesinmyelination,grayandwhitematterinthebrainandspinalcordhavedifferentfunctions.Thecerebrumconsistsofanouterlayerofgreymattercalledthecerebralcortex,whichsurroundsaninnermassofwhitematter.Thecerebralcortexisreferredtoasthe"executivesuite,"wheretheconsciousmindisfound,anditconsistsentirelyofgraymattercontainingneuroncellbodies,dendrites,gliacells,andbloodvessels.Therearenofibertracts,oraxons,inthisregion.Therearethreegeneralfunctionalareasofthecerebralcortex: Motorareas-responsibleforvoluntarymovement. Sensoryareas-responsibleforconsciousawarenessofexternalandinternalbodysensations,includinghearing,smell,andtaste. Associationareas-regionsofthecerebralcortexwhichintegrateincomingsensoryinformation,andformconnectionsbetweenthemotorandsensoryareas. ThewhitematterofthecerebrumallowsforcommunicationbetweenthegraymatterandthelowerCNScenters.Thenervoustissuehereconsistsofmyelinatedfibers,oraxons,whicharebundledintotracts.Thesefibersandtractsareclassifiedbasedonthedirectionthattheyrun: Associationfibers-thesehorizontalfibersconnectdifferentregionsofthesamehemisphereofthecerebrum.Therearebothshortassociationfibersandlongfibers,whicharebundledintotracts. Commissuralfibers-thesehorizontalfibersconnectgrayareasofthetwohemispheresandallowthetwohalvesofthecerebrumtofunctionasone.Thelargestcommissureisknownasthecorpuscallosum. Projectionfibers-theseverticalfibersallowforcommunicationbetweenthecerebrumandthelowerbrainorspinalcordcenters.Sensoryinformationistransmittedtothecerebralcortexandmotoroutputsaretransmittedtotherestofthenervoussystemfromthesefibers. Recentstudieshavebeguntosuggestthatwhitemattermayplayaroleincognitionandlearning.Specifically,thedegreeofmyelinationmightchangetoincreasesignalingandaffectinformationprocessing.Themainfunctionofthespinalcordistorelaymessagestothebrainfromthebodyandviceversa.Asaresult,grayandwhitematterfunctiondifferentlyinthisregionoftheCNS.Thegraymatterofthespinalcordcontainscellbodiesthatareresponsibleforreceivinginformationthatmusttraveltothebrain,andsendinginformationtoelicitresponsesinthebody.Informationishighlyorganizedintheposteriorandanteriorhorns.Someregionsofthespinalcolumnalsohavelateralhorns(Figure1).Theposteriorhornscontainneuronswhichreceiveincomingsensoryinformationfromthebodyandviscera.Thesesignalsmaytraveluptothebrainortootherregionsofthespinalcord.Theanteriorhornscontainmotorneurons,whichsendoutgoingsignalstothebodyandvisceratoelicitresponses.Thelateralhornscontainneuronsthatmostlyservetheviscera. Figure1:Thespinalcord.Thiscross-sectionaldiagramshowstheorganizationofthegrayandwhitematterofthespinalcord.Thegraymatterformsthreehorns,theposterior(topofimage),anterior(bottom)andsomeregionscontainlateralhorns(center). Thewhitematterofthespinalcordcontainsbothmyelinatedandnonmyelinatednervefibers,whichallowforcommunicationbetweenotherpartsofthespinalcordandthebrain.Thesefibersruninthreedirections: Anerroroccurredtryingtoloadthisvideo. Tryrefreshingthepage,orcontactcustomersupport. YoumustcCreateanaccounttocontinue watching Registertoviewthislesson Areyouastudentorateacher? Iamastudent Iamateacher TryStudy.com,risk-free Asamember,you'llalsogetunlimitedaccesstoover84,000 lessonsinmath,English,science,history,andmore.Plus,getpracticetests,quizzes,andpersonalizedcoachingtohelpyou succeed. Getunlimitedaccesstoover84,000lessons. Tryitrisk-free Itonlytakesafewminutestosetupandyoucancancelanytime. Itonlytakesafewminutes.Cancelanytime. Alreadyregistered?Loginherefor access  Back WhatteachersaresayingaboutStudy.com Tryitrisk-freefor30days Alreadyregistered? Loginhereforaccess Comingupnext: GrossAnatomyoftheHumanBrain:MajorAnatomicalStructuresandTerminology You'reonaroll.Keepupthegoodwork! TakeQuiz Watch NextLesson  Replay Justcheckingin.Areyoustillwatching? Yes!Keepplaying. Yournextlessonwillplayin 10seconds 0:01WhiteMatter&GrayMatter 0:40WhytheColorDifference? 1:54LocationandFunction 2:57LessonSummary Save Save Save Wanttowatchthisagainlater? LoginorsignuptoaddthislessontoaCustomCourse. LoginorSignup Timeline Autoplay Autoplay Speed Speed 46Kviews Video Quiz Course 46K views Ascending-uptohighercenters;sensoryinputsfromthebodytraveltothebraintobeprocessedviathesefibers. Descending-downthecordfromthebrain,orwithinthecordtolowerlevels;motoroutputsinresponsetosensorysignalstraveldownthesefibers. Transverse-fromonesideofthecordtotheother;theseareformedbycommissuralfibersandallowcommunicationbetweeneachsideofthespinalcord. ColorDifferencebetweenGrayandWhiteMatterThecolordifferencesseenbetweengrayandwhitematterhastodowithafattymaterialcalledmyelin.IntheCNS,myelinisformedbycellscalledoligodendrocytes.Thesecellshaveflatprocesseswhichwrapthemselvesaroundtheaxonsofneurons.Myelinsheathsservetoinsulatetheaxonwhileleavingsmallexposedregions,orgaps,thatareknownasNodesofRanvier(Figure2).Thisincreasestheconductivityofneuronsandallowselectricalimpulsestotravelquicklydowntheaxoninamethodknownassaltatoryconduction.Ingrossdissection,myelinatedareasoftheCNSlookwhite,thusleadingthemtobereferredtoaswhitematter.Graymattercontainsneuroncellbodies,gliacells,andothernervoustissue,allofwhichisnonmyelinatedandthusappearsgrayincolor. Figure2:Neuronstructure.Thegeneralstructureofaneuronisshownhere.Thecellbody(left)haslongprojections,calleddendrites,whichreceiveinformation.Electricalimpulsestraveldowntheaxon(center)totheaxonterminals(right).Noticethattheaxoniswrappedinmyelin,whichinsulatestheaxonandleavesgaps,termedNodesofRanvier,exposedforthetransmissionofelectricalimpulses. LessonSummaryThecentralnervoussystem(CNS)consistsofthebrainandspinalcord.NeuronsarethemaincellcomponentoftheCNS,andtheyarrangethemselvesinspecificwaystocreateboththestructureandfunctionseenwithintheCNS.Thespecificarrangementofneuronsleadstocolordifferenceswithinthebrainandspinalcord,leadingtoregionstermedgraymatterandwhitematter.Whitematteriscausedbythepresenceofmyelin,afattycoveringontheaxonsofneuronscreatedbyspecializedcellscalledoligodendrocytes.Graymatterlacksmyelin,whichgivesthistissueadarker,grayishappearance.Alongsidestructuraldifferences,grayandwhitematterhavespecific,separatefunctions.Graymatterinthecerebrumcreatesthecerebralcortex,whichisresponsibleforourconsciousperceptionofmovement,sensation,andassociationbetweenthetwo.Whitematterinthecerebrumfunctionstoconnectareasofthesameordifferenthemispheresofthebrain,aswellascommunicatewiththespinalcord.Whitematterheremayalsoplayaroleinlearningandcognition.Inthespinalcord,graymatterisorganizedintotheposterior,anterior,andlateralhorns,whichcreateabutterflyorHshapesurroundedbywhitematter.Thesehornsservetoorganizeincomingsensoryinformation,outgoingmotorinformation,andcommunicatethisinformationviatractsinthesurroundingwhitematter,allowingthespinalcordandbraintocommunicatewiththebodytorespondtostimuli. TounlockthislessonyoumustbeaStudy.comMember. Createyouraccount FrequentlyAskedQuestions Whatisthefunctionofwhitematterinthebrain? Whitematterinthebrainservestoconnectregionsofthesamehemisphere,oppositehemisphere,lowerbraincenters,orspinalcord.Indoingso,itallowsthecerebralcortextocommunicatewithotherregionsofthecentralnervoussystem.Whitematterinthebrainmayalsoplayaroleincognitionandlearning,asrecentstudieshavedemonstratedthatwhitemattermaychangeduringtheseevents. Whatisthedifferencebetweengraymatterandwhitematter? Thedifferencebetweengrayandwhitematterhastodowiththepresenceorabsenceofmyelininthenervoustissue.Myelinisafattysubstancewhichcoverstheaxonsofneurons,causingthisregionofnervoustissuetoappearwhitewhendissectedandthusleadingtothetermwhitematter.Graymatter,whichtypicallycontainsneuronalcellbodies,glialcells,andothernervoustissue,lacksmyelin,causingittolookgrayishinappearance. Whatisthefunctionofgraymatterandwhitematter? Graymatterlargelyfunctionstoreceiveinformationandregulateoutgoinginformation,asitcontainsthecellbodiesofneurons.Whitematter,whichislargelycomposedofaxons,servestotransmitsignalstootherregionsofthebrain,spinalcord,andbody. Registertoviewthislesson Areyouastudentorateacher? Iamastudent Iamateacher UnlockYourEducation Seeforyourselfwhy30millionpeopleuseStudy.com BecomeaStudy.commemberandstartlearningnow. BecomeaMember Alreadyamember?LogIn  Back WhatteachersaresayingaboutStudy.com Tryitrisk-freefor30days Alreadyregistered? Loginhereforaccess Createanaccount WhiteMattervs.GrayMatter|Differences,Functions&MedicalTerms Tryitrisk-freefor30days Science / MedicalTerminology:Help&Review MedicalTerminology:Help&Review 41chapters| 475lessons {{courseNav.course.topics.length}}chapters| {{courseNav.course.mDynamicIntFields.lessonCount}}lessons |{{course.flashcardSetCount}} flashcardset{{course.flashcardSetCoun>1?'s':''}} Ch1. FundamentalsofMedical... Goto FundamentalsofMedicalTerminology Ch2. BasicSuffixes,Prefixes&Rootsin... Goto BasicSuffixes,Prefixes&RootsinMedicalTerminology Ch3. TerminologyforDirection,Planes&... Goto TerminologyforDirection,Planes&RegionsoftheBody Ch4. PathologyBasics&Vocabulary Goto PathologyBasics&Vocabulary Ch5. VocabularyBasicsforGenetics,Cells&... Goto VocabularyBasicsforGenetics,Cells&Structures Ch6. MedicalTermsfortheLymphatic&... Goto MedicalTermsfortheLymphatic&ImmuneSystems Ch7. OncologyBasics&Terms Goto OncologyBasics&Terms Ch8. MedicalTerminologyfortheSkeletal... Goto MedicalTerminologyfortheSkeletalSystem Ch9. VocabularyfortheMuscularSystem&... Goto VocabularyfortheMuscularSystem&ItsFunctions Ch10. VocabularyfortheCardiovascular... Goto VocabularyfortheCardiovascularSystem Ch11. TerminologyfortheRespiratorySystem,... Goto TerminologyfortheRespiratorySystem,Diseases&Treatments Ch12. TerminologyforDiagnosis&Treatment... Goto TerminologyforDiagnosis&TreatmentofRespiratoryDiseases Ch13. MedicalVocabularyforthe... Goto MedicalVocabularyfortheGastrointestinalSystem Ch14. TermsforGITractPathologies Goto TermsforGITractPathologies Ch15. GITractDiagnosis&Treatment... Goto GITractDiagnosis&TreatmentTerminology Ch16. MedicalTermsfortheUrinary... Goto MedicalTermsfortheUrinarySystem Ch17. TerminologyoftheNervousSystem TheCentralandPeripheralNervousSystems 8:05 TheSympatheticandParasympatheticNervousSystems 8:04 FunctionsoftheNervousSystem 8:36 WhatisaNerve?-Definition&AssociatedTerminology 4:20 TheStructureandFunctionofNeurons 7:52 WhatisaNeuron?-Definition,Parts&Function 4:33 TypesofNeurons:Sensory,Afferent,Motor,Efferent&More 7:09 Neuroglia:Function&Definition 7:00 TheMyelinSheath,SchwannCells&NodesofRanvier 7:56 WhiteMattervs.GrayMatter:Difference&MedicalTerms 3:52 7:13 NextLesson GrossAnatomyoftheHumanBrain:MajorAnatomicalStructuresandTerminology TheBrainHemispheres:LeftBrain/RightBrainCommunicationandControl 7:06 PartsoftheBrain 5:58 BrainStructuresandFunctionsPartI 7:04 TheCerebralCortex:BrainStructuresandFunctionsPartII 8:54 TheLayersoftheMeninges:MedicalVocabulary 7:58 CerebrospinalFluidintheBrain:Functions&Production 6:46 PartsoftheBrainStemTerminology:TheMidbrain 3:58 PartsoftheBrainStem:TheMedullaOblongataandPons 6:27 SpinalCordStructure,Function&Terminology 4:06 CranialNerveTerminology 7:25 SpinalNerves:Terminology 3:23 Goto TerminologyoftheNervousSystem Ch18. TermsforNervousSystem-Related... Goto TermsforNervousSystem-RelatedConditions Ch19. TerminologyforDiagnostics&... Goto TerminologyforDiagnostics&TreatmentsoftheNervousSystem Ch20. MedicalTermsRelatedtothe... Goto MedicalTermsRelatedtotheEyes Ch21. MedicalTerminologyRelatedtothe... Goto MedicalTerminologyRelatedtotheEars Ch22. TerminologyfortheIntegumentary... Goto TerminologyfortheIntegumentarySystem Ch23. TerminologyforTheEndocrineSystem&... Goto TerminologyforTheEndocrineSystem&Hormones Ch24. EndocrineGlandDisorder... Goto EndocrineGlandDisorderVocabulary Ch25. PancreaticDisorderVocabulary Goto PancreaticDisorderVocabulary Ch26. AdrenalGlandDisorder... Goto AdrenalGlandDisorderTerminology Ch27. MaleReproductiveSystem&STDs:... Goto MaleReproductiveSystem&STDs:MedicalTerminology Ch28. FemaleReproductiveSystem:Medical... Goto FemaleReproductiveSystem:MedicalTerminology Ch29. MedicalTerminologyforMajor... Goto MedicalTerminologyforMajorPathogens Ch30. MedicalTerminologyUsedforDiagnosis... Goto MedicalTerminologyUsedforDiagnosis&Pharmacology Ch31. Safety&SecurityinNursing Goto Safety&SecurityinNursing Ch32. InfectionControl&... Goto InfectionControl&Sterilization Ch33. LegalAspectsofNursing Goto LegalAspectsofNursing Ch34. UnderstandingHumanDevelopment Goto UnderstandingHumanDevelopment Ch35. Religious&SpiritualInfluenceson... Goto Religious&SpiritualInfluencesonHealth Ch36. Sensory&PerceptualDevelopment Goto Sensory&PerceptualDevelopment Ch37. HealthCareSupportSystems Goto HealthCareSupportSystems Ch38. NutritionEssentialsforNursing Goto NutritionEssentialsforNursing Ch39. Diagnostics,Testing&Proceduresfor... Goto Diagnostics,Testing&ProceduresforNursing Ch40. IllnessManagementforNurses Goto IllnessManagementforNurses Ch41. MedicalEmergenciesforNurses Goto MedicalEmergenciesforNurses WhiteMattervs.GrayMatter|Differences,Functions&MedicalTermsRelatedStudyMaterials RecommendedLessonsandCoursesforYou RelatedLessons RelatedCourses RelatedLessons TwelveCranialNerves&Functions|WhatAreCranialNerves? LymphaticSystemComponents&Overview|WhatIstheLymphaticSystem? MuscleLeversintheBodySystems&Examples|WhichPartsoftheBodyActAsLevers? MeningesLayers,Function&Anatomy|DuraMater,ArachnoidMater&PiaMater DorsalRootGanglion|Function&Location ChromatinFunction&Description|WhatIstheFunctionofChromatin? TheCentralandPeripheralNervousSystems Afferent&EfferentDivisionsoftheNervousSystem|Concept,Structures&Roles SkeletalMuscleTissueLayers&OrganizationConnectiveTissueLayers LumbarPlexus|Nerves,Function&Anatomy ThalamusAnatomy,Function&Location|WhatistheThalamus? VentriclesoftheBrainFunction,Anatomy&Diagram|VentricularSystem CerebellumFunction,Location&Anatomy|WhatistheCerebellumResponsibleFor? 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Thewhitematterofthespinalcordcontains[{Blank}].a.myelinatednervefibersonly.b.myelinatedandunmyelinatednervefibers.c.unmyelinatednervefiberonly.d.somathathavebothmyelinatedandunmyelinatednervefibers. 1Gyisequalto:(a)0.01J/kg(b)0.1J/kg(c)1,000J/g(d)1J/kg(e)100J/g MatterexistsindifferentstatesHowdoesitrelatetoenergystates? Whatarethethreestatesofmatterandwhataretheiratomicproperties? Describethecontentsofthegrayandwhitematterinthespinalcord. Whatisgreymatterandwhitematter?Howdothesedifferinthecentralnervoussystembetweenthebrainandthespinalcord? Identifythelocationofwhitematterinthespinalcord. Trueorfalse?Areamadeupofmostlyneuroncellbodiesandunmyelinatedneuronsiscalledwhitematter. Createanaccounttostartthiscoursetoday Tryitrisk-freefor30days! 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