Manage all files on a storage device | Android Developers

Request All files access · Declare the MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE permission in the manifest. · Use the ACTION_MANAGE_ALL_FILES_ACCESS_PERMISSION intent action to ... Platform AndroidStudio GooglePlay Jetpack Kotlin Docs Games Language English BahasaIndonesia Español–AméricaLatina Português–Brasil 中文–简体 日本語 한국어 Signin Documentation Overview Guides Reference Samples Design&Quality Platform AndroidStudio GooglePlay Jetpack Kotlin Docs Overview Guides Reference Samples Design&Quality Games AppBasics Introduction BuildyourfirstappOverviewCreateanAndroidprojectRunyourappBuildasimpleuserinterfaceStartanotheractivity Appfundamentals AppresourcesOverviewHandleconfigurationchanges LocalizationLocalizeyourappTestyourappwithpseudolocalesUnicodeandinternationalizationsupportLanguageandlocaleresolutionComplexXMLresources ResourcetypesOverviewAnimationColorstatelistDrawableLayoutMenuStringStyleFontMoretypes AppmanifestfileOverview Devices DevicecompatibilityOverviewScreencompatibilityoverviewSupportdifferentpixeldensitiesSupportdisplaycutoutsDeclarerestrictedscreensupport MultipleAPKsupportOverviewCreatemultipleAPKsfordifferentAPIlevelsCreatemultipleAPKsfordifferentscreensizesCreatemultipleAPKsfordifferentGLtexturesCreatemultipleAPKswithseveraldimensionsSupportdifferentlanguagesandculturesSupportdifferentplatformversionsFiltersonGooglePlay Tablets,largescreens,andfoldablesGetstartedwithlargescreens BuildresponsiveUIsSupportdifferentscreensizesNavigationforresponsiveUIsMigrateyourUItoresponsivelayoutsActivityembeddingMulti-windowsupportInputcompatibilityonlargescreens BuildforfoldablesLearnaboutfoldablesMakeyourappfoldawareTestyourapponfoldables WearGetstartedPrinciplesofWearOSdevelopmentUpgradetothelatestversionofWearOSWearOSversusmobiledevelopmentSetupJetpackComposeonWearOSUseJetpackComposeonWearOSWearOSdeveloperpathwayOngoingActivitiesWearOSuserinterfaceTilesExposedatatocomplications GettingstartedCreateandrunawearableappDebugaWearOSappCaptureWearUIscreenshotsAppearinRecentsandAppResume OverlaysOverviewUsetheWearUIlibraryHandledifferentwatchshapesScreenoptionsCreatelistsNavigationExitfullscreenactivitiesonWearShowconfirmationsPlayingaudioonwearablesWetmodeKeepyourappvisibleonWearAuthenticationStandaloneapp NotificationsNotificationsonWearOSBridgingoptionsfornotifications HandlingdataSendandsyncdataonWearOSNetworkaccessandsynconWearOSAccesstheWearableDataLayerTransferassetsSendandreceivemessagesHandledatalayereventsSyncdataitemswiththeDataLayerAPIRequestpermissionsDetectlocation UserinputPhysicalbuttonsRotaryinputCreateinputmethodeditorsinWearVoice WatchFaceStudioWatchFaceStudioKeyboardshortcutsManageaWatchFaceStudioprojectCreateawatchfacewithWatchFaceStudioBuildcomplicationsinWatchFaceStudioTagexpressionsLanguagesettingsAlways-oninWatchFaceStudioGyroeffectsBuildanduploadfromWatchFaceStudioTestyourwatchfaceFAQ HealthservicesOverviewActivedataandexercisePassivedataupdatesUsesyntheticdataprovidersHealthPlatformAPI DesignIntroductionDesignprinciplesGettingstartedInteractiontypesNotificationsComplicationsTilesOverlaysOngoingactivitiesConfirmationoverlayDisconnectionindicatorsPermissionmessagesSelectioncontrolsLaunchandlatencyNavigationPermissionsSigninHardwarebuttonsColorTypographyIconsDownloads ComponentsWearMaterialThemingButtonsChipsTogglechipsCardsListsCurvedtextsSwipetodismissScrollindicatorsPickersPageviewersSlidersProgressindicator CreatingwatchfacesOverviewDesignwatchfacesBuildawatchfaceserviceDrawwatchfacesWatchfacecomplicationsAddingcomplicationstoawatchfaceCreatinginteractivewatchfacesProvideconfigurationactivitiesAddresscommonissuesImproveperformacewithhardwareaccelerationOptimizeperformanceandbatterylifeWearappqualityPackageWearOSappsDistributetoWearOSCreateWearOSappsforChinaWearOSreleasenotes AndroidTVOverview BuildTVAppsOverviewGetstartedwithTVappsAndroidXTVlibrariesHandleTVhardwareManageTVcontrollersBuildTVlayoutsOn-screenkeyboardCreateTVnavigationBestpracticesfordrivingengagementonGoogleTV BuildTVplaybackappsOverviewCreateacatalogbrowserProvideacardviewBuildadetailsviewUseLeanbacktransportcontrolsPlaybackcontrolsonTVDisplayaNowPlayingcardAddaguidedstepIntroducefirst-timeuserstoyourappEnablebackgroundplaybackAudiocapabilitiesManageframerates HelpusersfindcontentonTVOverview RecommendTVcontentOverviewChannelsonthehomescreenVideoprogramattributesAudioprogramattributesGameprogramattributes WatchNextAddprogramsAttributesGuidelinesforappdevelopersGuidelinesforTVprovidersPreviewvideosRecommendationsinAndroidNandearlierMakeTVappssearchableSearchwithinTVApps BuildTVgamesOverviewUseStreamProtectforlatency-sensitivestreamingapps BuildTVinputservicesOverviewDevelopaTVinputserviceWorkwithchanneldataManageTVuserinteractionSupporttime-shiftingSupportcontentrecordingTVAppschecklist TVAccessibilityAccessibilitybestpracticesTalkBackevaluationexamplesAdoptsystemcaptionsettingsCustomviewaccessibilitysupportCustomviewaccessibilitysampleAndroid12DeveloperPreviewforTV AndroidforCarsOverview BuildmediaappsforcarsBuildmediaappsforcarsAddsupportforAndroidAutoAddsupportforAndroidAutomotiveOSBuildmessagingappsforAndroidAuto Buildnavigation,parking,andchargingappsforcarsUsingtheAndroidforCarsAppLibraryBuildparkingandchargingappsforcarsBuildnavigationappsforcarsAddsupportforAndroidAutoTestAndroidappsforcarsGooglePlayservicesNotificationsonAndroidAutomotiveOS AndroidThingsOverviewPlatformdifferencesGoogleservices SupportedhardwareOverviewNXPi.MX7DRaspberryPi3 AdvancedsetupOverviewManuallyflashanimageRecoveradeviceConnectingtoWi-Fiwithadb Buildapps CreateaThingsappOverviewCreateaprojectConnectthehardwareInteractwithperipheralsIntegrateperipheraldrivers CommunicatewithwirelessdevicesBluetoothLoWPAN ConfiguredevicesSettingsUpdates InteractwithperipheralsOverviewGPIOPWMI2CSPIUARTNativePIOCLItoolIntegratenativecode Builduser-spacedriversOverviewLocationInputSensorsLoWPANSamples ManagedevicesOverviewCreateaproductConfigureaproduct CreateabuildOverviewManageapps PushanupdateOverviewAutomaticupdatesMonitoranalytics TermsConsoleTermsofServiceSDKLicenseAgreementAndroidThingsConsole ChromeOSdevicesOverviewBuildingappsforChromeOSOptimizingAppsforChromeOSPreparingyourdevelopmentenvironmentAppManifestCompatibilityforChromebooksChromeOSDeviceSupportforAppsAppRenderingDifferencesonChromebooksWindowmanagementAdaptingGamesonChromeOSSmoothanimationonChromeOSTestCasesforAndroidAppsonChromeOS Apparchitecture Introduction Guidetoapparchitecture ArchitectureComponents UIlayerlibraries ViewbindingOverviewMigratefromKotlinsyntheticstoviewbinding DatabindinglibraryOverviewGetstartedLayoutsandbindingexpressionsWorkwithobservabledataobjectsGeneratedbindingclassesBindingadaptersBindlayoutviewstoArchitectureComponentsTwo-waydatabinding Lifecycle-awarecomponentsHandlelifecyclesViewModelLiveDataSaveUIstatesSavedStatemoduleforViewModelUseKotlincoroutineswithlifecycle-awarecomponents PagingLibraryOverviewLoadanddisplaypageddataPagefromnetworkanddatabaseTransformdatastreamsManageandpresentloadingstatesTestyourPagingimplementationMigratetoPaging3 Paging2OverviewDisplaypagedlistsLoadpageddata DatalayerlibrariesDataStore WorkManagerOverviewGettingStarted How-ToGuidesDefiningyourWorkRequestsWorkstatesManagingworkObservingintermediateWorkerprogressChainingworktogetherTestingWorkerimplementationIntegrationtestswithWorkManagerDebuggingWorkManager AdvancedConceptsConfigurationandInitialization ThreadinginWorkManagerOverviewThreadinginWorkerThreadinginCoroutineWorkerThreadinginRxWorkerThreadinginListenableWorkerSupportforlong-runningworkersMigratingfromFirebaseJobDispatcherMigratingfromGCMNetworkManager Appentrypoints ActivitiesIntroductiontoactivitiesTheactivitylifecycleActivitystatechangesTestyouractivitiesTasksandbackstackProcessesandapplifecycleParcelablesandbundlesLoadersRecentsscreenRestrictionsonstartingactivitiesfromthebackground AppshortcutsOverviewCreateshortcutsAddcapabilitiesManageshortcutsBestpracticesforshortcuts AppnavigationPrinciplesofnavigationDesignfordifferentformfactorsHandleconfigurationchanges NavigationcomponentOverviewGettingstartedCreatedestinationsDesignnavigationgraphsNestedgraphsGlobalactionsNavigatetoadestinationConditionalnavigationPassdatabetweendestinationsCreateadeeplinkforadestinationAnimatetransitionsbetweendestinationsUpdateUIcomponentswithNavigationUIKotlinDSLInteractprogrammaticallyNavigatewithfeaturemodulesBestpracticesformulti-moduleprojectsTestnavigationAddnewdestinationtypesMigratetotheNavigationcomponent FragmentsOverviewCreateafragmentFragmentmanagerFragmenttransactionsAnimatetransitionsbetweenfragmentsFragmentlifecycleSavingstatewithfragmentsCommunicatewithfragmentsWorkingwiththeappbarDisplayingdialogswithDialogFragmentDebugyourfragmentsTestyourfragments ApplinksOverviewEnablinglinkstoappcontentVerifyapplinksCreateapplinksforinstantappsCreateswipeviewswithtabsusingViewPagerCreateswipeviewswithtabsusingViewPager2Providecustombacknavigation DependencyinjectionOverviewManualdependencyinjectionDependencyinjectionwithHiltHiltinmulti-moduleappsHiltandJetpackintegrationsHilttestingguideHiltandDaggerannotationscheatsheet DaggerDaggerbasicsUsingDaggerinAndroidappsUsingDaggerinmulti-moduleapps AppStartup Coretopics AppcompatibilityOverviewCompatibilityframeworktoolsRestrictionsonnon-SDKinterfaces InteractwithotherappsOverviewSendingtheusertoanotherappGettingaresultfromanactivityAllowingotherappstostartyouractivity PackagevisibilityOverviewKnowwhichpackagesarevisibleautomaticallyDeclarepackagevisibilityneedsFulfillcommonusecasesTestpackagevisibility IntentsandintentfiltersOverviewCommonintents UserinterfaceOverview LayoutsOverviewBuildaresponsiveUIwithConstraintLayout AddmotiontoyourlayoutwithMotionLayoutOverviewCarouselwithMotionLayoutMotionLayoutexamples MotionLayoutXMLreferenceOverviewCreatealistwithRecyclerViewAdvancedRecyclerViewcustomizationCreateacard-basedlayoutCreateatwopanelayout ImprovinglayoutperformanceOverviewOptimizinglayouthierarchiesRe-usinglayoutswithDelayedloadingofviewsLinearlayoutAdapterviewRelativelayout CustomviewcomponentsOverviewCreatingacustomviewclassImplementingcustomdrawingMakingtheviewinteractiveOptimizingtheviewDesigningforfoldables LookandfeelMaterialdesignStylesandthemesDarkthemeRoundedcornersAdaptiveiconsAddafloatingactionbuttonCreateshadowsandclipviews TextAutosizingTextViewsDownloadablefontsFontsinXML EmojiSupportmodernemojiEmojicompatibilityMagnifierwidgetSpansButtonsCheckboxesRadiobuttonsTogglebuttonsSpinnersPickersTooltips NotificationsOverviewCreateanotificationCreateanexpandablenotificationDisplaytime-sensitivenotificationsStartanactivityfromanotificationCreateagroupofnotificationsCreateandmanagenotificationchannelsModifyanotificationBadgeCreateacustomnotification SplashscreensOverviewMigrateyourexistingsplashscreenConversationsBubbles AddtheappbarOverviewSetuptheappbarAddandhandleactionsAddanupactionUseactionviewsandactionproviders ControlthesystemUIvisibilityOverviewDimthesystembarsHidethestatusbarHidethenavigationbarEnablefullscreenmodeRespondtoUIvisibilitychanges Supportingswipe-to-refreshOverviewAddingswipe-to-refreshtoyourappRespondingtoarefreshgestureToastsoverview Pop-upmessagesoverviewOverviewBuildanddisplayapop-upmessageAddanactiontoamessageDialogsMenus SettingsOverviewOrganizeyoursettingsCustomizeyoursettingsUsesavedvaluesBuildahierarchyincodeHandleotherformfactorsPreferencecomponentsandattributes SearchOverviewCreatingasearchinterfaceAddingrecentquerysuggestionsAddingcustomsuggestionsSearchableconfiguration AddingsearchfunctionalityOverviewSettingupthesearchinterfaceStoringandsearchingfordataRemainingbackwardcompatibleCopyandpasteDraganddropPicture-in-picturesupport Creatingbackward-compatibleUIsOverviewAbstractingthenewAPIsProxyingtothenewAPIsCreatinganimplementationwitholderAPIsUsingtheversion-awarecomponentDevicecontrol HomechannelsformobileappsOverviewMediaHomeBooksMediaHomeVideo AppwidgetsOverviewCreateasimplewidgetEnhanceyourwidgetCreateanadvancedwidgetUsewidgetcollectionsProvideflexiblewidgetlayoutsEnablewidgetconfigurationBuildanappwidgethost Animations&transitionsOverviewIntroductiontoanimationsPropertyanimationoverviewAnimatedrawablegraphicsRevealorhideaviewusinganimationMoveaviewusinganimationMoveaviewusingaflinganimationEnlargeaviewusingazoomanimationAnimatemovementusingspringphysicsAutoanimatelayoutupdatesAnimatelayoutchangesusingatransitionCreateacustomtransitionanimationStartanactivityusingananimationSlidebetweenfragmentsusingViewPagerSlidebetweenfragmentsusingViewPager2MigratefromViewPagertoViewPager2Additionalresources Images&graphicsOverviewDrawablesoverviewVectordrawablesoverviewHandlingbitmapsSelectingcolorswiththepaletteAPIReducingimagedownloadsizesHardwareaccelerationOpenGLES DisplayinggraphicswithOpenGLESOverviewBuildinganOpenGLESenvironmentDefiningshapesDrawingshapesApplyingprojectionandcameraviewsAddingmotionRespondingtotouchevents RenderingOverviewReducingoverdrawPerformanceandviewhierarchiesAnalyzingwithprofileGPUrenderingEnhancinggraphicswithwidecolorcontent Audio&videoAudio&videooverviewMediacontrolsSupportedmediaformatsMediacodecs MediaapparchitectureMediaapparchitectureoverviewUsingamediasession BuildinganaudioappAudioappoverviewBuildingamediabrowserserviceBuildingamediabrowserclientMediasessioncallbacksUsingthemediacontrollertestapp BuildingavideoappVideoappoverviewBuildingavideoplayeractivityMediasessioncallbacksCompatiblemediatranscodingRespondingtomediabuttonsHandlingchangesinaudiooutputManageaudiofocus TheGoogleAssistantTheGoogleAssistantandmediaappsMediaappsonGoogleAssistantdrivingmode RoutingbetweendevicesRoutingoverviewMediaRouteroverviewMediaRouteProvideroverviewControlamplitudewithVolumeShaperMediaPlayeroverviewMediaRecorderoverviewExoPlayerSharingaudioinputCapturevideoandaudioplaybackFramerateBestpracticesforsharingvideoAdditionalResourcesforMedia ServicesOverviewForegroundservicesBoundservicesAIDLoverview BackgroundtasksOverviewBackgroundthreadsBackgroundoptimizations BroadcastsOverviewImplicitBroadcastExceptions ManagedeviceawakestateOverviewKeepthedeviceawakeSchedulealarms PermissionsOverviewEvaluatewhetheryourappneedspermissionsDeclareapppermissionsRequestapppermissionsExplainaccesstomoresensitiveinformationApppermissionsbestpracticesPermissionsusedonlyindefaulthandlersRestrictinteractionswithotherappsDefinecustompermissions Appdata&filesOverviewStorageoverviewSavetoapp-specificstorage SavetosharedstorageOverviewMediaDocumentsandotherfilesDatasetsManageallfilesonastoragedeviceSavekey-valuedata SavedatainalocaldatabaseOverviewDefinedatausingentitiesAccessdatausingDAOsDefinerelationshipsbetweenobjectsWriteasynchronousDAOqueriesCreateviewsintoadatabasePrepopulateyourdatabaseMigrateyourdatabaseTestanddebugyourdatabaseReferencecomplexdataMigratefromSQLitetoRoomSavedatausingSQLiteStorageusecasesandbestpractices SharingsimpledataOverviewSendingsimpledatatootherappsReceivingsimpledatafromotherapps SharingfilesOverviewSettingupfilesharingSharingafileRequestingasharedfileRetrievingfileinformation SharingfileswithNFCOverviewSendingfilestoanotherdeviceReceivingfilesfromanotherdevice PrintingfilesOverviewPrintingphotosPrintingHTMLdocumentsPrintingcustomdocuments ContentprovidersOverviewContentproviderbasicsCreatingacontentproviderOpenfilesusingstorageaccessframeworkCreateacustomdocumentproviderAppinstalllocation Userdata&identityOverviewAddsign-inworkflowShowabiometricauthenticationdialog AutofillframeworkOverviewOptimizeyourappforautofillBuildautofillservicesIntegrateautofillwithkeyboardsIdentifydeveloper-ownedappsReviewhowyourappcollectsandsharesuserdataAuditdataaccessGetauser-resettableadvertisingIDCalendarprovideroverview ContactsproviderOverviewRetrievingalistofcontactsRetrievingdetailsforacontactModifyingcontactsusingintentsDisplayingthequickcontactbadgeAccounttransfer DatabackupOverviewBackupuserdataBackupkey-valuepairsTestbackupandrestoreBestpracticesforuniqueidentifiers RememberandauthenticateusersOverviewRememberyouruserAuthenticatetoOAuth2servicesCreateacustomaccounttype UserlocationOverviewRequestlocationpermissionsGetthelastknownlocationChangelocationsettingsRequestlocationupdatesAccesslocationinthebackgroundCreateandmonitorgeofencesDetectwhenusersstartanactivityOptimizelocationforbatteryTestlocationworkflowsMigratetolocationandcontextAPIsAddmaps Touch&inputOverviewInputevents UsingtouchgesturesOverviewDetectcommongesturesTracktouchandpointermovementsAnimateascrollgestureSupportnavigationgesturesImplementedge-to-edgeHandlemulti-touchgesturesDragandscaleManagetoucheventsinaViewGroup HandlingkeyboardinputOverviewSpecifyingtheinputmethodtypeHandlinginputmethodvisibilitySupportingkeyboardnavigationHandlingkeyboardactions SupportinggamecontrollersOverviewHandlingcontrolleractionsSupportingcontrollersacrossAndroidversionsSupportingmultiplegamecontrollers InputmethodeditorsCreatinganinputmethodImagekeyboardReceiverichcontentSpellingchecker CameraXOverviewCameraXarchitectureConfigurationPreviewImageanalysisImagecaptureVideocaptureExtensionsAPITransformoutputUsecaserotationsCameraXdevices Camera2OverviewCameracapturesessionsandrequestsCameraenumerationUsemultiplecamerastreamssimultaneouslyCamerapreviewonlargescreensMulti-CameraAPIExtensionsAPI CameraOverviewTakingphotosRecordingvideosControllingthecameraCameraAPI SensorsOverviewSensorsoverviewMotionsensorsPositionsensorsEnvironmentsensorsRawGNSSmeasurements ConnectivityOverview PerformingnetworkoperationsOverviewConnecttothenetworkManagenetworkusageReadingnetworkstateOptimizenetworkdatausageParseXMLdata TransmitnetworkdatausingVolleyOverviewSendasimplerequestSetupRequestQueueMakeastandardrequestImplementacustomrequest PerformnetworkoperationsusingCronetOverviewSendasimplerequestCronetrequestlifecycle Reference org.chromium.netOverviewCallbackException CronetEngineOverview CronetEngine.BuilderOverviewLibraryLoaderCronetExceptionInlineExecutionProhibitedExceptionNetworkExceptionQuicExceptionUploadDataProviderUploadDataProvidersUploadDataSink UrlRequestOverviewBuilderCallbackStatusStatusListener UrlResponseInfoOverviewHeaderBlockEnhanceyourappswith5GBuildclient-serverapplicationswithgRPC TransferringdatawithoutdrainingthebatteryOverviewOptimizedownloadsforefficientnetworkaccessMinimizetheeffectofregularupdatesAvoidredundantdownloadsModifypatternsbasedontheconnectivitytype ReducenetworkbatterydrainOverviewCollectingnetworktrafficdataAnalyzingdatatrafficOptimizeuser-initiatednetworkuseOptimizeapp-initiatednetworkuseOptimizeserver-initiatednetworkuseOptimizinggeneralnetworkuse TransferdatausingSyncAdaptersOverviewCreateaStubAuthenticatorCreateaStubContentProviderCreateaSyncAdapterRunaSyncAdapter BluetoothOverviewSetupBluetoothFindBluetoothdevicesConnectBluetoothdevicesTransferBluetoothdataBluetoothpermissionsBluetoothprofilesCompaniondevicepairing BluetoothLowEnergyOverviewFindBLEdevicesConnecttoaGATTserverTransferBLEdata NFCOverviewNFCbasicsAdvancedNFCHost-basedcardemulationoverview TelecomOverviewBuildacallingappPreventcallerIDspoofingTelephonyIDs Wi-FiWi-FiscanningoverviewWi-Fipeer-to-peerWi-FiAwareoverviewWi-FilocationwithRTTLocalOnlyHotspot Wi-FiinfrastructureWi-FiinfrastructureoverviewWi-FisuggestionAPIforinternetconnectivityWi-FiNetworkRequestAPIforpeer-to-peerconnectivityPasspointSavenetworksandPasspointconfigurations USBOverviewAccessoryoverviewHostoverviewVPNSessioninitiationprotocoloverview DiscoverandconnectOverviewUsenetworkservicediscoveryCreateP2PconnectionswithWi-FiUseWi-FiP2PforservicediscoveryWi-FiEasyConnectOpenMobileAPIreadersupport RenderscriptOverviewAdvancedRenderScriptMigratefromRenderScript RuntimeAPIreferenceOverviewNumericaltypesObjecttypesConversionfunctionsMathematicalconstantsandfunctionsVectormathfunctionsMatrixfunctionsQuaternionfunctionsAtomicupdatefunctionsTimefunctionsandtypesAllocationdataaccessfunctionsObjectcharacteristicsfunctionsKernelinvocationfunctionsandtypesInput/outputfunctionsDebuggingfunctionsGraphicsfunctionsandtypesIndex Web-basedcontentOverviewBuildingwebappsinWebViewManagingWebViewobjectsLoadlocalcontentDarkenwebcontentUserprivacyinWebViewcrashreportingMigratingtoWebViewinAndroid4.4SupportingdifferentscreensinwebappsDebuggingwebappsBestpracticesforwebapps AndroidAppBundlesOverviewConfigurethebasemoduleBuildandtestyourappbundleAddcodetransparencyTheappbundleformatFrequentlyaskedquestions GooglePlayGooglePlayBillingPlayCoreLibrary PlayAssetDeliveryOverviewIntegrateassetdelivery(Kotlin&Java)Integrateassetdelivery(native)Integrateassetdelivery(Unity)TargettexturecompressionformatsTestassetdelivery PlayFeatureDeliveryOverviewConfigureinstall-timedeliveryConfigureconditionaldeliveryConfigureon-demanddeliveryOn-demanddeliverybestpracticesConfigureinstantdeliveryAdditionalresources In-appreviewsOverviewIntegrateusingKotlinorJavaIntegrateusingnativecodeIntegrateusingUnityTestin-appreviews In-appupdatesOverviewSupportin-appupdates(KotlinorJava)Supportin-appupdates(Native)Supportin-appupdates(Unity)Testin-appupdates GooglePlayInstantOverviewofGooglePlayInstant GetstartedwithinstantappsCreateaninstant-enabledappbundleUXbestpracticesforapps GetstartedwithinstantgamesOverviewUnitypluginUXbestpracticesforgamesMigratetoAndroidAppBundlesImplementclouddeliveryofassetsSupportGooglePlayGamesServicesInstantPlaygamesInstantPlaygameschecklistReducethesizeofyourinstantapporgameAddadstoyourinstantapporgameProvidemultipleentrypoints IntegratewithFirebaseAddGoogleAnalyticsforFirebasetoyourinstantappUseFirebaseDynamicLinkswithinstantappsTechnicalrequirementschecklistGooglePlayInstantpolicy ResourcesReferenceCodesamplesSDKreleasenotesInstantAppIntents SupportKnownissuesStackOverflowPlayDeveloperAPI PlayInstallReferrerOverview PlayInstallReferrerLibraryOverviewReferenceReleasenotesPlayInstallReferrerAPIPlayIntegrityAPI ApplicationLicensingOverviewLicensingOverviewSettingUpforLicensingAddingServer-SideVerificationAddingClient-SideVerificationLicensingReferenceAPKExpansionFiles AppActions SlicesOverviewGettingStartedSlicetemplates On-devicesearch Games ToolsAndroidStudio AndroidGameDevelopmentExtensionforVisualStudioOverviewQuickstartConfigureaprojectDebuggerMeasureappperformanceSamplesReleasenotesAndroidNDK AndroidGPUInspectorOverviewQuickstart SystemprofilingOverviewViewasystemprofile AnalyzeasystemprofileFrameprocessingtimesMemoryefficiencyTexturememorybandwidthusageVertexmemorybandwidthusageThreadscheduling GPUperformancecountersArmMaliQualcommAdrenoImaginationPowerVR FrameprofilingOverview AnalyzeaframeprofileMostexpensiverenderpassesVertexformatsShaderperformance FrameProfilerUIPerformancepaneCommandspaneFramebufferpaneGeometrypaneReportpaneShaderpaneMemorypaneStatepaneTexturespaneTexturepanePipelineviewpaneSupportedVulkanextensionsTroubleshoot CustomizeorportgameenginesOverview GettingstartedIntegrateGameActivityConfiguregraphicsUnderstandAndroidgameloops ProcessinputeventsAddtouchsupportSupporttextinput SupportgamecontrollersOverviewUsethegamecontrollerlibraryUsecustomcontrollerdevicemappingsAddmousesupportSupportsensorinput AchieveproperframepacingOverview FramepacinginOpenGLESIntegrateUpdateyourbuildsettingsAddframepacingfunctionsVerifyframepacingimprovement FramepacinginVulkanIntegrateUpdateyourbuildsettingsAddframepacingfunctionsVerifyframepacingimprovementReference IntegrateAndroidPerformanceTunerOverviewRunthedemoappEnabletheAPIUpdateyourbuildsettingsDefineannotations,fidelityparameters,andsettingsAddframetimingfunctionsAddloadingtimerecordingfunctionsValidate,package,andpublishtheAPKTroubleshootcommonerrorsAdvancedusageReference OutputaudioOverviewUpdatebuildsettingsUseOboeCodesamplesFullOboeguide ManagememoryOverviewDebugnativememoryuseDeliverassetsDetectanddiagnosecrashes UseprebuiltorturnkeygameenginesOverview DevelopwithDefoldInstallandconfigureprojectsforAndroidSupportmultipleformfactorsandscreensizesExporttoAndroid DevelopwithGodotInstallandconfigureprojectsforAndroidGodotrendereroptionsSupportmultipleformfactorsandscreensizesExporttoAndroid DevelopwithUnityOverviewCreateanAndroidAppBundlewithUnityIntegratePlayAssetDeliveryUnityLightinginMobileGames UseAndroidPerformanceTunerOverviewEnabletheAPIIntegratethepluginInitializethelibraryandverifyoperationDefineannotations,fidelityparameters,andqualitylevelsAddloadingtimerecordingfunctionsRunthemonitorappReviewandpublishTroubleshootcommonerrorsReferenceDevelopwithUnrealRequestinguserpermissionsSecureyourgame Gamebestpractices MaximizedeviceavailabilitySupport64-bitarchitecturesDevelopgamesforallscreensSign-in,savegames,andmorewithPlayGamesServices ArtassetsGeometrybestpractices OpenGLandVulkanDeviceorientationefficientlyinVulkanVertexdatamanagement GameModeOverviewOptimizewithGameModeAPIGameModeinterventions OptimizeCPU,memory,andgraphicstoolsAndroidPerformanceTuner GuidesImprovegameperformanceReducegamesize DistributeOverviewReleasewithGooglePlayInstantPlayasyoudownload Bestpractices TestingOverviewFundamentalsoftestingSetupproject BuildingeffectiveunittestsOverviewBuildinglocalunittestsBuildinginstrumentedunittests AutomatingUItestsOverviewTestingUIforasingleappTestingUIformultipleapps TestingappcomponentintegrationsOverviewTestingyourserviceTestingyourcontentproviderTestingUIperformance EspressoOverviewSetupinstructionsBasicsRecipesMultiprocessAccessibilitycheckingListsIntentsWebIdlingresourceCheatsheetAdditionalresourcesUIAutomatorAppCrawlerJUnit4RulesAndroidJUnitRunnerReleasenotesAdditionalresources PerformanceOverviewPerformanceclass AndroidVitalsOverviewStuckPartialWakeLocksExcessiveWakeupsExcessiveBackgroundWi-FiScansExcessiveBackgroundNetworkUsageANRsCrashesSlowRenderingFrozenFramesPermissionDenialsAppStartupTimeAppStandbyBucketsAppHibernationProcessesandThreadsOverviewBetterPerformancethroughThreading OptimizingforBatteryLifeOverviewOptimizeforDozeandAppStandbyMonitorthebatterylevelandchargingstateMonitorconnectivitystatusandconnectionmeteringDetermineandmonitorthedockingstateandtypePowermanagementrestrictionsProfilebatteryusagewithBatterystatsandBatteryHistorianAnalyzepowerusewithBatteryHistorianTestingpower-relatedissuesReduceyourappsize ManagememoryOverviewofMemoryManagemementMemoryAllocationamongProcessesManageYourApp'sMemory SystemtracingOverviewCaptureatracefromthecommandlineCaptureatraceonadeviceNavigateareportDefinecustomeventsCustomtraceeventsinnativecodeInspectGPUrenderingDesigningforSeamlessnessKeepingYourAppResponsivePerformanceTipsSMPPrimerforAndroidVerifyingAppBehaviorontheAndroidRuntime(ART) AccessibilityOverview BuildandtestappsforaccessibilityMakeappsmoreaccessiblePrinciplesforimprovingappaccessibilityTestyourapp'saccessibility AdvancedtopicsMakecustomviewsmoreaccessibleCreateyourownaccessibilityserviceAdditionalresources PrivacyPrivacybestpractices SecurityAppsecuritybestpracticesSecuritytipsSecuritywithdataSecuritywithdataacrossadditionalAndroidversionsSecuritywithHTTPSandSSLNetworksecurityconfigurationUpdatingyoursecurityprovidertoprotectagainstSSLexploits ProtectingagainstsecuritythreatswithSafetyNetOverviewSafetyNetAttestationAPISafetyNetSafeBrowsingAPISafetyNetreCAPTCHAAPISafetyNetVerifyAppsAPICryptographyAndroidKeystoreSystemVerifyinghardware-backedkeypairswithkeyattestationAndroidProtectedConfirmationSupportingDirectBootRunningembeddedDEXcodeAppsecurityimprovementprogram BuildforBillionsOverviewConnectivityDevicecapabilityDatacostBatteryconsumptionUIandcontent BuildforEnterpriseOverviewDeveloperguideWorkprofilesSetupmanagedconfigurations AppfeedbackSendappfeedbacktoEMMsTestappfeedbackWorkcontactsDevicemanagementpolicies DevicemanagementOverviewBuildadevicepolicycontroller DedicateddevicesOverviewLocktaskmodeMultipleusersCookbookDevicecontrolNetworkingandtelephonySecuritySystemupdatesNetworkactivitylogging AndroidversionsOverviewAndroid12Android11Android10Android9Android8.0Android7.0Deviceadministration AndroidDevelopers Docs Guides Manageallfilesonastoragedevice Themajorityofappsthatrequiresharedstorageaccesscanfollowthebest practicesforsharingmedia filesandsharingnon-media files.However,some appshaveacoreusecasethatrequiresbroadaccessoffilesonadevice,but cannotdosoefficientlyusingtheprivacy-friendlystoragebestpractices. AndroidprovidesaspecialappaccesscalledAllfilesaccessforthese situations. Forexample,ananti-virusapp'sprimaryusecasemightrequireregularscanning ofmanyfilesacrossdifferentdirectories.Ifthisscanningrequiresrepeated userinteractionstoselectdirectoriesusingthesystemfilepicker,itmay provideapooruserexperience.Otherusecases—suchasfilemanagerapps, backupandrestoreapps,anddocumentmanagementapps—mayrequiresimilar considerations. RequestAllfilesaccess AnappcanrequestAllfilesaccessfromtheuserbydoingthefollowing: Declarethe MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE permissioninthemanifest. Usethe ACTION_MANAGE_ALL_FILES_ACCESS_PERMISSION intentactiontodirectuserstoasystemsettingspagewheretheycanenable thefollowingoptionforyourapp:Allowaccesstomanageallfiles. TodeterminewhetheryourapphasbeengrantedtheMANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE permission,call Environment.isExternalStorageManager(). OperationsthatMANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGEallows TheMANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGEpermissiongrantsthefollowing: Readandwriteaccesstoallfileswithinshared storage. Note:The/sdcard/Android/media⁠directoryispartofsharedstorage. Accesstothecontentsofthe MediaStore.Filestable. AccesstotherootdirectoryofboththeUSBon-the-go(OTG)driveandtheSD card. Writeaccesstoallinternalstoragedirectories⁠,exceptfor /Android/data/,/sdcard/Android,andmostsubdirectoriesof /sdcard/Android.Thiswriteaccessincludesdirectfile pathaccess. Appsthataregrantedthispermissionstillcannotaccesstheapp-specific directoriesthatbelongtootherapps becausethesedirectoriesappearassubdirectoriesofAndroid/data/ona storagevolume. WhenanapphastheMANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGEpermission,itcanaccessthese additionalfilesanddirectoriesusingeitherthe MediaStoreAPIordirectfile paths.Whenyouusethe StorageAccessFramework, however,youcanonlyaccessafileordirectoryifyoucoulddosowithout havingtheMANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGEpermission. Invokeanotherapp'sstoragemanagementactivity OnAndroid 12(APIlevel 31)andhigher,appsthathaveboththe MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE permissionandthe QUERY_ALL_PACKAGES permission—suchasfilemanagementapps—canusethe getManageSpaceActivityIntent() tosenduserstoanotherapp'scustomspacemanagement activity. ThegetManageSpaceActivityIntent()methodtakesinapackagenameanda requestcode,anditreturnsoneofthefollowing: APendingIntent,iftheappwiththe specifiedpackagenamehasdefinedacustom"managespace"activity.Thefile managementappthatcalledthegetManageSpaceActivityIntent()methodcanthen invokethereturnedintenttosenduserstothecustomactivity. null,iftheappwiththespecifiedpackagenamedoesn'tdefinea"manage space"activity. EnableMANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGEfortesting ToexplorehowtheMANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGEpermissionaffectsyourapp,you canenablethepermissionfortestingpurposes.Todoso,runthefollowing commandonthemachinethat'sconnectedtoyourtestdevice: adbshellappopsset--uidPACKAGE_NAMEMANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGEallow GooglePlaynotice ThissectionprovidesanoticefordeveloperswhopublishappsonGooglePlay. Tolimitbroadaccesstosharedstorage,theGooglePlaystorehasupdatedits policy toevaluateappsthattargetAndroid 11(APIlevel 30)orhigherandrequest "Allfilesaccess"throughtheMANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGEpermission.Thispolicy takeseffectinMay2021. WhenyourapptargetsAndroid 11orhigher,anditdeclaresthe MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGEpermission,AndroidStudioshowsthelintwarningthat appearsinfigure1.Thiswarningremindsyouthat"theGooglePlaystorehasa policythatlimitsusageof"thepermission. Figure1.LintwarninginAndroidStudiothatremindsyouaboutthe GooglePlaypolicyregardingtheMANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE permission. YoushouldrequesttheMANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGEpermissiononlywhenyourapp cannoteffectivelymakeuseofthemoreprivacy-friendlyAPIs,suchasStorage AccessFrameworkortheMedia StoreAPI.Additionally,theapp'susage ofthepermissionmustfallwithinpermitteduses,andmustbedirectlytiedto thecorefunctionalityoftheapp.Ifyourappincludesausecasethat's similartothefollowingexamples,it'slikelytobeallowedtorequestthe MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGEpermission: Filemanagers Backupandrestoreapps Anti-virusapps Documentmanagementapps On-devicefilesearch Diskandfileencryption Device-to-devicedatamigration ContentandcodesamplesonthispagearesubjecttothelicensesdescribedintheContentLicense.JavaisaregisteredtrademarkofOracleand/oritsaffiliates. Lastupdated2021-11-11UTC. 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