醫護英文術語學Medical Terminology - 隨意窩

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY (醫護英文術語學) 許清曉醫師編Clement C. S. Hsu, MD, FACP, FIDSA 前言近四十年來英語已毫無疑問地成為國際自然科學及醫學界的共同語言。

許清曉(ClementC.S.Hsu,MD)只是一個人生的紀錄！日誌相簿影音好友名片 200711020332醫護英文術語學MedicalTerminology?學術academicpapersMEDICALTERMINOLOGY (醫護英文術語學) 許清曉醫師編 ClementC.S.Hsu,MD,FACP,FIDSA 前言 近四十年來英語已毫無疑問地成為國際自然科學及醫學界的共同語言。

有志於科學的年輕人、有世界觀的醫師及醫學護理學者，都已將英文作為其必修的以便發表或增進這方面重要的新知識。

醫療護理所用的英文，除了一般會話，還有很多源自拉丁文、希臘文的醫學術語，以及各種專有名詞的簡寫。

護理人員在醫院環境裡工作，這三類英語都要熟悉。

本教材收集一些護理方面常用的醫學術語，按照字彙的字體部分，亦即字首(prefix)、字根(rootword)、及字尾(suffix)，舉例說明。

因為考慮到一學期內所能吸收的字彙有限，這些術語是選擇最基本，最常見的，因此也是護理學生必須熟知暗記的。

以後如果時間容許，還可增加常見的醫療用普通英文會話字彙及專有名詞的簡寫，作為護理學生修習醫護英文術語的基本材料。

學生在研習這些術語詞彙時要特別注意它是名詞、形容詞、或是動詞，並在上課時重複練習正確的發音。

學習最好方法就是：出聲練習發音；常和醫師迴診；多問；多學；多記；多用。

讀者如對本教材有任何建議改正，請不吝賜教。

1993年8月   A.    Prefix(字首),Rootword(字根；語幹),和Suffix(字尾)： 例：Endocarditis(心內膜炎)       字根：Cardia（心）               Myocarditis(心肌炎)               Pericarditis(心囊炎) 1.     Prefix+Rootword : 例：Hypertension(高血壓)    字根：Tension(壓力，張力)      Hypotension(低血壓)   Hyperactive(活動過渡的)      字根：Active(活動的，主動的)       Hypoactive(活動過低的)    Intrahepatic(肝內的)   字根：Hepar(肝，liver) Extrahepatic(肝外的) Prehepatic(肝前的) Posthepatic(肝後的) Retrohepatic(肝背後的) Preoperative(手術前的)  字根：Operation(手術) Postoperative(手術後的) Bradycardia(心跳徐緩) Tachycaria(心跳快速) Tachypnea(呼吸快速)   字源：Pneia(希臘文，呼吸) Dyspnea(呼吸困難) Apnea(沒有呼吸) Homosexual(同性的) Heterosexual(異性的) Polyuria(多尿) Oligurai(少) 2.     Rootword+Suffix: 例：Diverticulosis(憩室病)    字根：Diverticulum      Diverticulitis(憩室炎)       Appendicitis(盲腸炎)    字源：Appendix       Appendectomy(盲腸切除)      Bronchitis(支氣管炎)    字根：Bronchus      Pneumonitis(肺炎)      Pneumonia(肺炎)      字源：ia(狀態) 3.     Compoundword(複合字)： 例：Bronchoneumonia(支氣管肺炎)     Headache(頭痛)     Hydrotherapy(水療法)     Newspaper(報紙) B.    Prefixes   A-,An-(無，非) 例：Afebile(無熱的)  Anemia(貧血)  Anesthesia(麻醉)      Anaerobic(厭氧的)  Anoxia(缺氧)  Anorexia(無食慾)  Atypical(非典型的)  Aseptic(無菌的)  Asymptomatic(無症狀的)  Amenorrhea(無月經)  Avascular(無血管的，無血的)  Analgesia(無痛，止痛)  Aphasia(無聲) Ad-(向，趨)：     例：Adhesive(黏著的，有黏性的)              Adduction(內收)   Ab-(離，除)             例：Abduction(外展)                     Abscess(膿腫) Anti-(抗)             例：Antiseptic(抗菌的)                     Antibiotic(抗生素)                     Antibody(抗體)                     Antigen(抗原) Dys-(困難的，痛的)             例：Dyspnea(呼吸困難)                     Dysuria(小便困難)                     Dysphagia(吞嚥庫難) Odyno-(痛的)：Odynophagia(吞嚥時疼痛) Hyper-(過高的)及Hypo(過低的) 例：Hyperfunction(機能亢進的);   Hypofunction        Hyperthyroidism(甲狀腺機能亢進);  Hypofunction        Hyperglycemia(高血糖); Hypoglycemia        Hyperthermia(高體溫); Hypothermia        Hypertonic(高滲透壓的); Hypotonic                                        Hypoxia(缺氧)                                        Hypothesis(假說) Re-(再)             例：Rehydrate(再加水)                     Readmission(再入院) De-(除去)             例：Dehydrate(除去水份)                     Detoxify(去毒) Ecto-,Exo—(外的)             例：Exogenous(外因性的)                     Ectopicpregnancy(子宮外孕) Endo-(內的)             例：Endogenous(內陰性的)                     Endoscope(內視鏡) Epi-(上的)             例：Epigastric(上胃部)                     Epinephrin(腎上腺素)                     Epithelium(上皮) Para-(副的，相對的)             例：Paramedical(與醫學有關的)                     Paraplegia(下身麻痺)                     Paraparesis(下身輕癱)                     Paralysis(麻痺)                     Paracentesis(穿刺引流術)                     Paranasal(鼻旁的)                     Parasite(寄生蟲)                     Paratyphoid(副傷寒)                     Para-influenza(副流行性感冒) Hemi-(半邊的)             例：Hemiplegia(半身不遂)                     Hemiparesis(半身輕癱) Quadri-(四肢的)             例：Quadriplegia(四肢癱瘓)                     Quadriparesis(四肢輕癱) Intra-(之內的)             例：Intra-arterial(動脈內的)                     Intravenous(靜脈內的)                     Intradermal(皮內的)                     Intracranial(頭顱內的)                     Intra-abdominal(腹內的)                     Intrathoracic(胸腔內的)                     Intraocular(眼內的) Inter-(之間的)             例：Intercostal(肋間的)                     Intercellular(細胞間的)                     Interstitial(組織間的)                     Intersection(交叉的)                     Interface(分界的)                     Intercourse(交合，性交)                     Interrupt(間斷)                     Intermittent(間歇性的)                     Intermediate(中間的)                     Intermarriage(兩種族間的婚姻) Sub-(之下的)             例：Subcutaneous(皮下的)                     Subphrenic(橫隔膜下的)                     Subhepatic(肝下的)                     Subacute(亞急性的)                     Subclavian(鎖骨下的)                     Subclinical(症狀不顯的)                     Subconscious(潛意識的)                     Subnormal(正常以下的) Peri-(周邊的)             例：Pericardium(心囊)                     Perineum(會陰部的)                     Periodontal(牙週的)                     Peritonsillar(扁桃腺邊的) Retro-(背後的)             例：Retroperitoneal(腹腔後的)                     Retrobulbar(眼球後的)                     Retroversion(後傾) Trans-(穿過的)             例：Transcutaneous(穿過皮膚的)                     Transurethral(穿過尿道的)                     Transvaginal(通過陰道的) Iso-(同樣的，相等的)             例：Isometric(等長的)                     Isotonic(相等滲透壓的) Aniso-(不同樣的)             例：Anisocytosis(紅血球大小不等)                     Anisocoria(兩邊瞳孔不同大小) Eu-(好的)             例：Euthyroidism(甲狀腺機能正常)                     Euphoria(異常欣快、歡欣感) Mis-(錯的)             例：Misdiagnosis(錯誤的診斷)                     Mismanagement(錯誤的處置) Mal-(壞的)             例：Malabsorption(吸收不良)                     Malaise(違和感)                     Malformation(畸形) Megalo-,-megaly(大的) 例：Megaloblast(巨胚紅血球) Cardiomegaly(心腫大) Splenomegaly(脾腫) Hepatomegaly(肝腫) Hepatosplenomegaly(肝脾腫) Meno-(月經的)            例：Menopause(停經)                    Menorrhagia(月經出血過多)         Pan-(汎)            例：Pancytopenia(全部血球減少) C.    BodyParts(身體部位)之Rootword Cranio(skull,頭顱)        例：Craniotomy(頭顱切開術)                CranialCTscan(頭部斷層掃瞄)                SkullX-ray(頭部X光) Encephalo-(brain,腦)        例：Encephalitis(腦炎)                Encephalopathy(腦病變) Cerebro-(cerebrum,大腦)        例：Cerebralhemorrhage(大腦出血)                Crabralhemisphere(大腦半球) Cerebello-(cerebellum,小腦)        例：Cerebellardegeneration(小腦退化)                Cerebellarataxia(小腦性失調症) Neuro-(nerve,神經)        例：Intercostalneuralgia(肋間神經痛)                Peripheralneuritis(周圍神經炎) Myelo-(spinalcord,脊髓;bonemarrow,骨髓)        例：Poliomyelitis(小兒麻痺症)                Chronicosteomyelitis(慢性骨髓炎) Meningo-(腦膜)        例：Bacterialmeningitis(細菌性腦炎)                Meningoencephalitis(腦膜腦炎) Rhino-(nose,鼻)        例：Allergicrhinitis(過敏性鼻炎)                Rhinoplasty(鼻造形術)                Nasopharynx(鼻咽部) Oto-(ear,耳)        例：Chronicotitismedia(慢性中耳炎)               Otitisexterna(外耳炎)               Otorhinolaryngology(耳鼻喉科學) Ophthalmo-(eye,眼)        例：Ophthalmoplegia(眼麻痺)                Ophthalmoscope(眼底鏡) Stomato-(mouth,口)        例：Stomatitis(口腔炎) Gingivo-(gum,牙齦)        例：Gingivitis(牙齦炎)                Gingivoplasty(牙齦造形術) Dento-,Odonto-(teeth,牙齒)        例：Dentalextraction(拔牙)                Dentist(牙醫)                Odontology(牙科學)                Periodontitis(牙週炎) Pharyngo-(pharynx,咽)        例：Pharyngitis(喉炎)                Nasopharyngealcarcinoma(鼻咽癌)                Retropharyngealabscess(咽後濃瘍) Laryngo-(larynx,喉)        例：Laryngectomy(喉切除術)                Laryngectomee(受喉切除術者)                Laryngealtumor(喉腫瘤) Tracheo-(trachea,氣管)        例：Tracheostomy(氣管造口術)                Tracheoesophagealfistula(氣管食道廔管) Thyro-(Thyroid,甲狀腺)        例：Thyroiditis(甲狀腺炎)                Thyroglossalcyst(舌甲狀腺囊)                Thyrotoxicosis(甲狀腺素中毒症) Esophago-(esophagus,食道)        例：Candidaesophagitis(白色念珠球菌食道炎)                Esophagealvarices(食道靜脈曲張) Broncho-(bronchus,支氣管)        例：Chronicbronchitis(慢性支氣管炎)                Transbronchiallungbiopsy(經支氣管肺切片檢查)                Bronchoscopy(支氣管鏡術) Pneumo-,pneumono-,pulmono-(lung,肺)        例：Pneumonia(肺炎) Chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease(COPD)(慢性阻塞性肺疾病)                Pneumothorax(氣胸)                Pulmonologist(肺專科醫師) Thoraco-(chest,胸)        例：Thoracotomy(胸腔切開術)                Intrathoracictumor(胸腔內腫瘤)                Thoracentesis(胸腔引流術) Vasculo-(vessel,血管)        例：Vasculitis(血管炎)       Vasculo-(vessel, 血管)           例： Vasculitis(血管炎)                    Cardiovasculardisease(心臟血管疾病)                    Peripheralvasculardisease(周邊血管疾病)       Phlebo-(vein, 靜脈)           例： Phlebitis(靜脈炎)                    Phlebolith(靜脈結石)       Arterio-(artery, 動脈)           例： Arteritis(動脈炎)                    Arteriogram(動脈造影片)                    Arteriography(動脈造影術)       Cardio-(heart, 心)           例： Carodiopulmonaryressuscitation(CPR)(心肺甦醒術)                    Cardiactransplantation(心臟移植)                    Cardiologist(心臟專科醫師)           Dermo-,dermato-(skin, 皮膚)           例： Intradermalinjection(皮內注射)                    Dermatomysitis(皮肌炎)       Mammo-,masto-(breast, 乳房)           例： Mammogram(乳房攝影片)                    Mammography(乳房造影術)                    Mastitis(乳房炎)       Myos-,myo-(muscle, 肌肉)           例： Myositis(肌炎)                    Myalgia(肌痛)                    Myoglobinuria(肌蛋白尿)       Chondro-(cartilage, 軟骨)           例： Costochondraljunction(肋骨軟骨連接處)                    Chondromalacia(軟骨軟化症)       Osteo-(bone, 骨)           例： Osteoblastoma(骨母細胞瘤)                    Osteoclast(破骨細胞)                    Osteocyte(骨細胞)                    Osteopathy(骨病、整骨術)                    Osteoporosis(骨質疏鬆症)       Arthro-(joint, 關節)           例： Arthralgia(關節痛)                    Arthritis(關節炎)                    Arthroscopy(關節鏡術)       Costo-(rib, 肋骨)           例： Intercostal(肋間的)                    Costophrenicangle(肋膈角)       Thoraco-(chest,胸)       Lumbo-(腰)           例：Lumbarspine(腰椎)                    Lumbarpuncture(腰椎穿刺)(spinaltapping)       Tendino-,teno-(tendon,肌腱)           例：Tendinitis(肌腱炎)                    Tenosynovitis(肌腱滑膜炎)       Spondylo-(vertebra,脊椎骨)           例：Spondylosis(椎關節黏連症)                    spondylolisthesis(脊椎滑脫症)       Sacro-(sacrum,薦骨)           例：Lumbosacraljoint(腰薦關節)                    Sacroiliacjoint(薦喀[骨客]關節)           Gastro-(stomach,胃)           例：Gastrectomy(胃切除術)                    Gastriculcer(胃潰瘍)                    Gastrostomy(胃造口術)       Duodeno-(duodenum,十二指腸)           例：Duodenalulcer(十二指腸潰瘍)                    Duodenocholecystostomy(十二指腸膽囊造口吻合術)       Ileo-(ileum,迴腸)       Jejuno-(jejunum,空腸)       Entero-(smallintestine,小腸)           例：Gastroenteritis(胃腸炎)                    Enterocolitis(腸炎)       Append-,appendico-(appendix,盲腸)           例：Appendectomy(盲腸切除術)                    Periappendicealabscess(盲腸周圍膿瘍)       Colo-(colon,大腸)           例：Hemicolectomy(半大腸切除術)                    Colonoscopy(大腸鏡術)       Sigmoido-(sigmoidcolon,S狀大腸）           例：Sigmoidoscopy(S狀大腸鏡術)       Recto-,procto-(rectum,直腸)           例：Rectalcancer(直腸癌)                    Proctoscopy(直腸鏡術)       Ano-(anus,肛門)            例：Perianalabscess(肛門周圍膿瘍)                    Analfistula(肛門廔管)           Laparo-,abdomino-(abdomen,腹)           例：Laparotomy(腹腔切開術)                    Abdominalcavity(腹)   Hepato-(liver,肝)           例：Hepatitis(肝炎)                    Hepatoma(肝癌)       Cholecysto-(gallbladder,膽囊)           例：Cholecystectomy(膽囊切除術)                    Oralcholecystography(口服膽囊造影術)       Spleno-(spleen,脾)           例：Splenomegaly(脾腫大)                    Hepatosplenomegaly(肝脾腫大)                    Hepatosplenism(脾功能過旺)       Pancreato-(pancreas,胰臟)           例：Pancreaticduct(胰臟管)                    Pancreatitis(胰臟炎)       Nephro-,Renal(kidney,腎)           例：Renalabscess（腎膿瘍）                    Perirenalabscess(腎周圍膿瘍)                    Perinephricabscess(同上)   Renalultrasound(腎臟超音波檢查)        Pyelo-(pelvisofthekidney,腎盂)                           例：Pyelonephritis(腎盂腎炎)                       Uretero-(ureter,輸尿管)                           例：Ureterolithiasis(輸尿管結石症)                                    Ureteralstone(輸尿管結石)                                    Ureteralstricture(輸尿管狹窄)                       Cysto-(bladder,膀胱)                           例：Suprapubiccystostomy(恥骨上方膀胱開口術)           Prostato-(prostate,前列腺)   例： Transurethralprostatectomy或Tansurethalprostateresection(TURP)(經尿道前列腺切除術)       Orchio-,orchido-(testis,睪丸)   例： Orcheitis(睪丸炎)    Orchiectomy(睪丸切除術)   Oophoro-(ovary,卵巢)           例：Oophorectomy(卵巢切除術)       Salpingo-(Fallopiantube,輸卵管)           例：Salpingitis()                  Bilateralsalpingo-oophorectomy(BSO)(兩側輸卵管切除術)       Hystero-(uterus,子宮)           例：Totalabdominalhysterectomy(TAH)(經腹部子宮切除術)       Colpo-(vigina,陰道)           例：Colposcopy(陰道鏡術)                  Colpospasm(陰道痙攣)                  Colpoplasty(陰道造型術)       Ｄ. Suffixes                      -ostomy(做新開口)                         例：Colostomy(大腸開口術)                                  Colocolostomy(大腸大腸吻合術)                                  Gastrostomy(胃造口術)                                  Tracheostomy(氣管造口術)                     -otomy(切開)                         例：Laparotomy(腹腔切開術)                                  Thoracotomy(胸腔切開術)                     -oplasty(塑造)                         例：Rhinoplasty(鼻造形術)                                  Angioplasty(血管造形術)                     -otripsy(砕破)                         例：Lithotripsy(砕石術)                     -ocentesis(穿刺引流)                         例：Thoracentsis(胸腔穿刺術)                                  Paracentesis(腔液放穿術)                                  Arthrocentesis(關節穿刺術)                                  Amniocentesis(羊膜穿刺術)                         -ograph(記錄儀)                         例：Electrocardiograph(ECG,CKG,心電圖儀器)                                  Radiograph(放射攝影儀器)       -ography(記錄術)           例：Electrocardiography(心電圖)                  Radiography(Ｘ光攝影術)                  Mammography(乳房Ｘ光攝影法)                  Angiography(血管Ｘ光攝影法)                  Echocardiography(超音波心臟動態術)       -ogram(紀錄)           例：Electrocardiogram(心電圖)                  Mammogram(乳房Ｘ光片)                  Roentgenogram(Ｘ光片)                  Myelogram(脊髓Ｘ光)       -scope(觀察的儀器)           例：Microscope(顯微鏡)                  Endoscope(內視鏡)                  Otoscope(耳視鏡)                  Ophthalmoscope(眼底鏡)                  Cystoscope(膀胱鏡)                  Colonoscope(大腸鏡)                  Arthroscope(關節鏡)       -oscopy(…視鏡術)           例：Microscopy(顯微鏡檢查)                  Endoscopy(內視鏡術)                  Cystoscopy(膀胱鏡術)                  Colonoscopy(大腸鏡術)                  Arthroscopy(關節鏡術)       -ometer(測量儀)           例：Thermometer(體溫計)                  Cytomemter(計細胞儀)                  Spirometer(肺量計)       -ometry(測量術)           例：Spirometry(肺量測定法)           -ology(…學)           例：Biology(生物學),Psychology(心理學)       -ist(....者，....學家)           例：Internist(內科醫師)                  Psychologist(心理學家)                  Psychiatrist(精神科醫師)                  Gynecologist(婦科醫師)       -cian(....者)           例：Physician(醫師、內科醫師)                    [physicist為物理學家]                  Pediatrician(小兒科醫師)                  Obstetrician(產科醫師)       -er(....者,....家)           例：Practitioner(開業者)                  Writer(作家)       -oma(腫瘤)           例：Hematoma(血腫)                  Carcinoma(癌)                  Sarcoma(肉瘤)                  Lipoma(脂肪瘤)       -osis(…之狀況)           例：Psychosis(精神病)                  Neurosis(神經病)                  Tuberculosis(結核病)       -ia(…之狀態)           例：Anemia(貧血)       -iasis(…之狀況)           例： Amebiasis(阿米巴病)                  Cholelithiasis(膽囊結石症)       -itis(…炎)           例： Tonsillitis(扁陶腺炎)                  Peritonitis(腹膜炎)                  Appendicitis(盲腸炎)       -opathy(…病變)           例：Cardiomyopathy(心肌病變)                  Lymphadenopathy(淋巴腺腫大)       -algia(痛)   例： Neuralgia(神經痛)    Arthralgia(關節痛)    Myalgia(肌痛)    Otalgia(耳痛)       -cele(膨出)           例：Cystocele(膀胱膨出)                  Meningocele(腦膜膨出)       -orrhagia(出血)           例：Menorrhagia(月經過多)                  Metrorrhagia(子宮出血)              ccshsu2003/Xuite日誌/回應(23)/引用(0)沒有上一則|日誌首頁|沒有下一則回應 我的相簿 加我為好友日誌相簿影音 ccshsu2003's新文章1937-Oct-09~2019-May-3一個人生的紀錄"Aselfportrait-i.e.allessays"2018ThanksgivingphotosPhotosaftermovingtoSacramento;BenetalinNY,withAuntMia'sfamilyBeforemovingtoSacramento!Ataiwanesefestival,grouplunchafterTai-chi."台灣de-escalationantibiotictherapy的先驅"("Thepioneerofde-escalationantibiotictherapyinTaiwan)photosof2018(mostly)oldphoto--4(1968till1980's;RocheRounds,Yui-Li'sgraduation,Ossermansymposium,etc.)OLDphotos--3(1980Sapporo-Tokyo-Kyotovisit,1981familyreturntoTaiwan)OLDphotos--2(1968till1980's)OLDphotos--1(1968till1980's;1981Taiwan-Phillipinevisit,TKD,etc)InfectiousdiseasepracticesinTaiwan--myexperience 關鍵字 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