Emoji - Wikipedia

Unicode blocks Emoji FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch Symbolsoftenusedasemotionalcuesintext The"GrinningFace"emoji,fromtheTwemojiset Emojibeingaddedtoatextmessage YoumayneedrenderingsupporttodisplaytheUnicodeemoticonsoremojisinthisarticlecorrectly. Anemoji(/ɪˈmoʊdʒiː/i-MOH-jee;pluralemojioremojis[1])isapictogram,logogram,ideogramorsmileyembeddedintextandusedinelectronicmessagesandwebpages.Theprimaryfunctionofemojiistofillinemotionalcuesotherwisemissingfromtypedconversation.[2]Someexamplesofemojiare😂,😃,🧘🏻‍♂️,🌍,🍞,🚗,📞,🎉,❤️,🍆,and🏁.Emojiexistinvariousgenres,includingfacialexpressions,commonobjects,placesandtypesofweather,andanimals.Theyaremuchlikeemoticons,butemojiarepicturesratherthantypographicapproximations;theterm"emoji"inthestrictsensereferstosuchpictureswhichcanberepresentedasencodedcharacters,butitissometimesappliedtomessagingstickersbyextension.[3]Originallymeaningpictograph,thewordemojicomesfromJapanesee(絵,'picture') + moji(文字,'character');theresemblancetotheEnglishwordsemotionandemoticonispurelycoincidental.[4]TheISO15924scriptcodeforemojiisZsye. OriginatingonJapanesemobilephonesin1997,emojibecameincreasinglypopularworldwideinthe2010safterbeingaddedtoseveralmobileoperatingsystems.[5][6][7]TheyarenowconsideredtobealargepartofpopularcultureintheWestandaroundtheworld.[8][9]In2015,OxfordDictionariesnamedtheFacewithTearsofJoyemoji(😂)thewordoftheyear.[10][11] Contents 1History 1.1PLATOsystem(1970s) 1.2Evolutionfromemoticons(1990s) 1.3Developmentofemojisets(2000–2007) 1.4BeginningsofUnicodeemoji(2008–2014) 1.5UTS#51andmodernemoji(2015–present) 1.6Culturalinfluence 1.6.1Emojithatfurthermoderncauses 2Emojicommunicationproblems 2.1Variationandambiguity 2.2Controversialemoji 3Emojiimplementation 3.1EarlyimplementationinJapan 3.2Unicodesupportconsiderations 3.3Colorsupport 3.4Implementationbydifferentplatformsandvendors 4Modifiers 4.1Emojiversustextpresentation 4.2Skincolor 4.3Joining 5Unicodeblocks 5.1Additions 6Inpopularculture 7Seealso 8Notes 9References 10Furtherreading 11Externallinks History PLATOsystem(1970s) MaryKalantzisandBillCopewritethatthefirstdigitalemojiswerecreatedbyBruceParello,astudentattheUniversityofIllinois,onPLATOIV,thefirste-learningsystem,in1972.[12][13] Evolutionfromemoticons(1990s) Theemojiwaspredatedbytheemoticon,[14]aconceptfirstputintopracticein1982bycomputerscientistScottFahlmanwhenhesuggestedtext-basedsymbolssuchas :-)and :-(couldbeusedtoreplacelanguage.[15]Theoriesaboutlanguagereplacementcanbetracedbacktothe1960s,whenRussiannovelistandprofessorVladimirNabokovstatedinaninterviewwithTheNewYorkTimes:"Ioftenthinkthereshouldexistaspecialtypographicalsignforasmile—somesortofconcavemark,asupineroundbracket."[16]Itdidnotbecomeamainstreamconceptuntilthe1990swhenJapanese,AmericanandEuropeancompaniesstartedexperimentingwithmodifiedversionsofFahlman'sidea.[17][18] Wingdingsicons,includingsmilingandfrowningfaces Wingdings,afontinventedbyCharlesBigelowandKrisHolmes,wasfirstusedbyMicrosoftin1990.[19]Itcouldbeusedtosendpictographsinrichtextmessages,butwouldonlyloadondeviceswiththeWingdingsfontinstalled.[20]In1995,theFrenchnewspaperLeMondeannouncedthatAlcatelwouldbelaunchinganewphone,theBC 600.Itswelcomescreendisplayedadigitalsmileyface,replacingtheusualtextseenaspartofthe"welcomemessage"oftenseenonotherdevicesatthetime.[21]In1997,J-PhonelaunchedtheSkyWalkerDP-211SW,whichcontainedasetof90emoji.Itisthoughttobethefirstsetofitskind.Itsdesigns,eachmeasuring12by12pixelswereblackandwhite,depictingnumbers,sports,thetime,moonphasesandtheweather.ItnotablycontainedthePileofPooemoji.[20]TheJ-Phonemodelexperiencedlowsales,andtheemojisetwasthusrarelyused.[22] In1999,ShigetakaKuritacreated176emojiaspartofNTTDoCoMo'si-mode,usedonitsmobileplatform.[23][24][25]Theywereintendedtohelpfacilitateelectroniccommunication,andtoserveasadistinguishingfeaturefromotherservices.[5]Duetotheirinfluence,Kurita'sdesignswereoncefrequentlyclaimedtobethefirstcellularemoji;[20]however,Kuritahasdeniedthistobethecase.[26][27]Accordingtointerviews,hetookinspirationfromJapanesemangawherecharactersareoftendrawnwithsymbolicrepresentationscalledmanpu(suchasawaterdroponafacerepresentingrepresentingnervousnessorconfusion),andweatherpictogramsusedtodepicttheweatherconditionsatanygiventime.HealsodrewinspirationfromChinesecharactersandstreetsignpictograms.[25][28][29]Kurita'sworkisnowdisplayedintheMuseumofModernArtinNewYorkCity.[30] Kurita'semojiwerebrightlycolored,albeitwithasinglecolorperglyph.General-useemoji,suchassports,actionsandweather,caneasilybetracedbacktoKurita'semojiset.[31]Thenotableabsenteefromthesetwastheuseofpictogramsthatdemonstratedemotion.Theyellow-facedemojicommonlyusedtodayevolvedfromotheremoticonsetsandcannotbetracedbacktoKurita'swork.[31]HissetwasalsomadeupofgenericimagesmuchliketheJ-Phones.Elsewhereinthe1990s,Nokiaphonesbeganincludingpresetpictogramsinitstextmessagingapp,whichtheydefinedas"smileysandsymbols".[32]AthirdnotableemojisetwasintroducedbyJapanesemobilephonebrandaubyKDDI.[20][33] Developmentofemojisets(2000–2007) Thebasic12-by-12-pixelemojiinJapangrewinpopularityacrossvariousplatformsoverthenextdecade.ThiswasaidedbythepopularityofDoCoMoi-mode,whichformanywastheoriginsofthesmartphone.[clarificationneeded]Thei-modeservicealsosawtheintroductionofemojiinconversationformonmessengerapps.By2004,i-modehad40millionsubscribers,meaningnumerouspeoplewereexposedtotheemojiforthefirsttimebetween2000and2004.Thepopularityofi-modeledtoothermanufacturerscompetingwithsimilarofferingsandthereforedevelopedtheirownemojisets.WhileemojiadoptionwashighinJapanduringthistime,thecompaniesfailedtocollaborateandcomeupwithauniformsetofemojitobeusedacrossallplatformsinthecountry.[34] SmileyfacesfromDOScodepage437 TheUniversalCodedCharacterSet(Unicode),overseenbytheUnicodeConsortiumandISO/IECJTC1/SC2,hadalreadybeenestablishedastheinternationalstandardfortextrepresentation(ISO/IEC10646)since1993,althoughvariantsofShiftJISremainedrelativelycommoninJapan.Unicodeincludedseveralcharacterswhichwouldsubsequentlybeclassifiedasemoji,includingsomefromNorthAmericanorWesternEuropeansourcessuchasDOScodepage437,ITCZapfDingbatsortheWordPerfectIconicSymbolsset.[35][36]Unicode'scoverageofwrittencharacterswasextendedseveraltimesbyneweditionsduringthe2000s,withlittleinterestinincorporatingtheJapanesecellularemojisets(whichweredeemedoutofscope),[37]althoughsymbolcharacterswhichwouldsubsequentlybeclassifiedasemojicontinuedtobeadded.Forexample,Unicode4.0releasecontained16newemoji,whichincludeddirectionarrows,awarningtriangle,andanejectbutton.[38]BesidesZapfDingbats,otherdingbatfontssuchasWingdingsorWebdingsalsoincludedadditionalpictographicsymbolsintheirowncustompifontencodings;unlikeZapfDingbats,however,manyofthesewouldnotbeavailableasUnicodeemojiuntil2014.[39] TheSmileyCompanydevelopedTheSmileyDictionary,whichwaslaunchedin2001.Thedesktopplatformwasaimedatallowingpeopletoinsertsmileysastextwhensendingemailsandwritingonadesktopcomputer.[40]ThesmileytoolbarofferedavarietyofsymbolsandsmileysandwasusedonplatformssuchasMSNMessenger.[41]Nokiaasoneofthelargesttelecomscompaniesgloballyatthetime,werestillreferringtotoday'semojisetsassmileysin2001.[42]ThedigitalsmileymovementwasheadedupbyNicolasLoufrani,theCEOofTheSmileyCompany.[40]Hecreatedasmileytoolbar,whichwasavailableatsmileydictionary.comduringtheearly2000stobesentasemojiaretoday.[43] BeginningsofUnicodeemoji(2008–2014) MobileprovidersinboththeUnitedStatesandEuropebegandiscussionsonhowtointroducetheirownemojisetsfrom2004onwards.ManycompaniesdidnotbegintotakeemojiseriouslyuntilGoogleemployeesrequestedthatUnicodelookintothepossibilityofauniformemojiset.ApplequicklyfollowedandbegantocollaboratewithnotonlyGoogle,butalsoprovidersinEuropeandJapan.InAugust2007,MarkDavisandhiscolleaguesKatMomoiandMarkusSchererwrotethefirstdraftforconsiderationbytheUnicodeTechnicalCommittee(UTC)tointroduceemojiintotheUnicodestandard.TheUTC,havingpreviouslydeemedemojitobeoutofscopeforUnicode,madethedecisiontobroadenthisscope,toenablecompatibilitywiththeJapanesecellularcarrierformatswhichwerebecomingmorewidespread.[37]PeterEdbergandYasuoKidajoinedthecollaborativeeffortsfromAppleInc.shortlyafterandtheofficialUTCproposalasco-authorscameinJanuary2009. PendingtheassignmentofstandardUnicodecodepoints,GoogleandAppleimplementedemojisupportviaPrivateUseAreaschemes.GooglefirstintroducedemojiinGmailinOctober2008,incollaborationwithaubyKDDI,[44]andAppleintroducedthefirstreleaseofAppleColorEmojitoiPhoneOSon21November2008.[45]Initially,Apple'semojisupportwasimplementedforholdersofaSoftBankSIMcard;theemojithemselveswererepresentedusingSoftBank'sPrivateUseAreaschemeandmostlyresembledtheSoftBankdesigns.[46]GmailemojiusedtheirownPrivateUseAreascheme,inasupplementaryPrivateUseplane.[47][48] Separately,aproposalhadbeensubmittedin2008toaddtheARIBextendedcharactersusedinbroadcastinginJapantoUnicode.Thisincludedseveralpictographicsymbols.[49]ThesewereaddedinUnicode5.2in2009,ayearbeforethecellularemojisetswerefullyadded;theyincludeseveralcharacterswhicheitheralsoappearedamongstthecellularemoji[47]orweresubsequentlyclassifiedasemoji.[50] AfteriPhoneusersintheUnitedStatesdiscoveredthatdownloadingJapaneseappsallowedaccesstothekeyboard,pressuregrewtoexpandtheavailabilityoftheemojikeyboardbeyondJapan.[51]TheEmojiapplicationforiOS,whichalteredtheSettingsapptoallowaccesstotheemojikeyboard,wascreatedbyJoshGareinFebruary2010.[52]BeforetheexistenceofGare'sEmojiapp,ApplehadintendedfortheemojikeyboardtoonlybeavailableinJapaniniOSversion2.2.[53] Throughout2009,membersoftheUnicodeConsortiumandnationalstandardizationbodiesofvariouscountriesgavefeedbackandproposedchangestotheinternationalstandardizationoftheemoji.ThefeedbackfromvariousbodiesintheUnitedStates,Europe,andJapanagreedonasetof722emojiasthestandardset.ThiswouldbereleasedinOctober2010inUnicode6.0.[54]ApplemadetheemojikeyboardavailabletothoseoutsideofJapaniniOSversion5.0in2011.[55]Later,Unicode7.0(June2014)addedthecharacterrepertoiresoftheWebdingsandWingdingsfontstoUnicode,resultinginapproximately250moreUnicodeemoji.[39] TheUnicodeemojiwhosecodepointswereassignedin2014orearlierarethereforetakenfromseveralsources.Asinglecharactercouldexistinmultiplesources,andcharactersfromasourcewereunifiedwithexistingcharacterswhereappropriate:forexample,the"shower"weathersymbol(☔️)fromtheARIBsourcewasunifiedwithanexistingumbrellawithraindropscharacter,[56]whichhadbeenaddedforKPS9566compatibility.[57]Theemojicharactersnamed"Rain"("雨",ame)fromallthreeJapanesecarrierswereinturnunifiedwiththeARIBcharacter.[47]However,theUnicodeConsortiumgroupsthemostsignificantsourcesofemojiintofourcategories:[58] Sourcecategory Abbreviations Unicodeversion(year) Includedsources Example ZapfDingbats ZDings,z 1.0(1991) ITCZapfDingbatsSeries100 ❣️(U+2763←0xA3)[59] ARIB ARIB,a 5.2(2008) ARIBSTD-B24Volume1extendedShiftJIS ⛩️(U+26E9←0xEE4B)[60] Japanesecarriers JCarrier,j 6.0(2010) NTTDoCoMomobileShiftJIS 🎠(U+1F3A0←0xF8DA)[61] aubyKDDImobileShiftJIS 📌(U+1F4CC←0xF78A)[61] SoftBank3GmobileShiftJIS 💒(U+1F492←0xFB7D)[61] WingdingsandWebdings WDings,w 7.0(2014) Webdings 🛳️(U+1F6F3←0x54)[62] Wingdings 🏵️(U+1F3F5←0x7B)[62] Wingdings2 🖍️(U+1F58D←0x24)[62] Wingdings3 ▶️(U+25B6←0x75)[62][a] UTS#51andmodernemoji(2015–present) ColoremojifromGoogle'sNotoEmojiProject,startedin2012andusedbyGmail,GoogleHangouts,ChromeOSandAndroid. Inlate2014,aPublicReviewIssuewascreatedbytheUnicodeTechnicalCommittee,seekingfeedbackonaproposedUnicodeTechnicalReport(UTR)titled"UnicodeEmoji".Thiswasintendedtoimproveinteroperabilityofemojibetweenvendors,anddefineameansofsupportingmultipleskintones.ThefeedbackperiodclosedinJanuary2015.[63]AlsoinJanuary2015,theuseofthezerowidthjoinertoindicatethatasequenceofemojicouldbeshownasasingleequivalentglyph(analogoustoaligature)asameansofimplementingemojiwithoutatomiccodepoints,suchasvariedcompositionsoffamilies,wasdiscussedwithinthe"emojiad-hoccommittee".[64] Unicode8.0(June2015)addedanother41emoji,includingarticlesofsportsequipmentsuchasthecricketbat,fooditemssuchasthetaco,newfacialexpressions,andsymbolsforplacesofworship,aswellasfivecharacters(crab,scorpion,lionface,bowandarrow,amphora)toimprovesupportforpictorialratherthansymbolicrepresentationsofthesignsoftheZodiac.[b][66] AlsoinJune2015,thefirstapprovedversion("Emoji1.0")oftheUnicodeEmojireportwaspublishedasUnicodeTechnicalReport#51(UTR#51).Thisintroducedthemechanismofskintoneindicators,thefirstofficialrecommendationsaboutwhichUnicodecharactersweretobeconsideredemoji,andthefirstofficialrecommendationsaboutwhichcharactersweretobedisplayedinanemojifontinabsenceofavariationselector,andlistedthezerowidthjoinersequencesforfamiliesandcouplesthatwereimplementedbyexistingvendors.[67]MaintenanceofUTR#51,takingemojirequests,andcreatingproposalsforemojicharactersandemojimechanismswasmadetheresponsibilityoftheUnicodeEmojiSubcommittee(ESC),operatingasasubcommitteeoftheUnicodeTechnicalCommittee,[68][69] Withthereleaseofversion5.0inMay2017alongsideUnicode10.0,UTR#51wasredesignatedaUnicodeTechnicalStandard(UTS#51),makingitanindependentspecificationratherthanmerelyaninformativedocument.[70]AsofJuly 2017[update],therewere2,666Unicodeemojilisted.[71]ThenextversionofUTS#51(publishedinMay2018)skippedtotheversionnumberEmoji11.0,soastosynchroniseitsmajorversionnumberwiththecorrespondingversionoftheUnicodeStandard.[72] ThepopularityofemojihascausedpressurefromvendorsandinternationalmarketstoaddadditionaldesignsintotheUnicodestandardtomeetthedemandsofdifferentcultures.Somecharactersnowdefinedasemojiareinheritedfromavarietyofpre-UnicodemessengersystemsnotonlyusedinJapan,includingYahooandMSNMessenger.[73] CorporatedemandforemojistandardizationhasplacedpressuresontheUnicodeConsortium,withsomememberscomplainingthatithadovertakenthegroup'straditionalfocusonstandardizingcharactersusedforminoritylanguagesandtranscribinghistoricalrecords.[74]Conversely,theConsortiumrecognisesthatpublicdesireforemojisupporthasputpressureonvendorstoimprovetheirUnicodesupport,[75]whichisespeciallytrueforcharactersoutsidetheBasicMultilingualPlane,[76]thusleadingtobettersupportforUnicode'shistoricandminorityscriptsindeployedsoftware.[75] Culturalinfluence ColorillustrationsofU+1F602😂FACEWITHTEARSOFJOYfromTwitter,NotoEmojiProjectandFirefoxOS OxfordDictionariesnamedU+1F602😂FACEWITHTEARSOFJOY[77]its2015WordoftheYear.[78]Oxfordnotedthat2015hadseenasizableincreaseintheuseoftheword"emoji"andrecognizeditsimpactonpopularculture.[78]OxfordDictionariesPresidentCasparGrathwohlexpressedthat"traditionalalphabetscriptshavebeenstrugglingtomeettherapid-fire,visuallyfocuseddemandsof21stCenturycommunication.It'snotsurprisingthatapictographicscriptlikeemojihassteppedintofillthosegaps—it'sflexible,immediate,andinfusestonebeautifully."[79]SwiftKeyfoundthat"FacewithTearsofJoy"wasthemostpopularemojiacrosstheworld.[80]TheAmericanDialectSocietydeclaredU+1F346🍆AUBERGINEtobethe"MostNotableEmoji"of2015intheirWordoftheYearvote.[81] SomeemojiarespecifictoJapaneseculture,suchasabowingbusinessman(U+1F647🙇),theshoshinshamarkusedtoindicateabeginnerdriver(U+1F530🔰),awhiteflower(U+1F4AE💮)usedtodenote"brillianthomework",[82]oragroupofemojirepresentingpopularfoods:ramennoodles(U+1F35C🍜),dango(U+1F361🍡),onigiri(U+1F359🍙),Japanesecurry(U+1F35B🍛),andsushi(U+1F363🍣).UnicodeConsortiumfounderMarkDaviscomparedtheuseofemojitoadevelopinglanguage,particularlymentioningtheAmericanuseofeggplant(U+1F346🍆)torepresentaphallus.[83]Somelinguistshaveclassifiedemojiandemoticonsasdiscoursemarkers.[84] InDecember2015asentimentanalysisofemojiwaspublished,[85]andtheEmojiSentimentRanking1.0[86]wasprovided.In2016,amusicalaboutemojipremieredinLosAngeles.[87][88]Thecomputer-animatedTheEmojiMoviewasreleasedinsummer2017.[89][90] InJanuary2017,inwhatisbelievedtobethefirstlarge-scalestudyofemojiusage,researchersattheUniversityofMichigananalysedover1.2billionmessagesinputviatheKikaEmojiKeyboard[91]andannouncedthattheFaceWithTearsofJoywasthemostpopularemoji.TheHeartandtheHearteyesemojistoodsecondandthirdrespectively.ThestudyalsofoundthattheFrenchuseheartemojithemost.[92]PeopleincountrieslikeAustralia,FranceandtheCzechRepublicusedmorehappyemoji,whilethiswasnotsoforpeopleinMexico,Colombia,ChileandArgentina,wherepeopleusedmorenegativeemojiincomparisontoculturalhubsknownforrestraintandself-discipline,likeTurkey,FranceandRussia.[93] Therehasbeendiscussionamonglegalexpertsonwhetherornotemojicouldbeadmissibleasevidenceincourttrials.[94][95]Furthermore,asemojicontinuetodevelopandgrowasa"language"ofsymbols,theremayalsobethepotentialoftheformationofemoji"dialects".[96]Emojiarebeingusedasmorethanjusttoshowreactionsandemotions.[97]Snapchathasevenincorporatedemojiinitstrophyandfriendssystemwitheachemojishowingacomplexmeaning.[98] Emojithatfurthermoderncauses OnMarch5,2019,[99]adropofbloodemojiwasreleased,whichisintendedtohelpbreakthestigmaofmenstruation.[100]Inadditiontonormalizingperiods,itwillalsoberelevanttodescribemedicaltopicssuchasdonatingbloodandotherblood-relatedactivities.[100] Amosquitoemojiwasaddedin2018toraiseawarenessfordiseasesspreadbytheinsect,suchasdengueandmalaria.[101] Emojicommunicationproblems Researchhasshownthatemojiareoftenmisunderstood.Insomecases,thismisunderstandingisrelatedtohowtheactualemojidesignisinterpretedbytheviewer;[102]inothercases,theemojithatwassentisnotshowninthesamewayonthereceivingside.[103] Thefirstissuerelatestotheculturalorcontextualinterpretationoftheemoji.Whentheauthorpicksanemoji,theythinkaboutitinacertainway,butthesamecharactermaynottriggerthesamethoughtsinthemindofthereceiver[104](seealsoModelsofcommunication). Forexample,peopleinChinahavedevelopedasystemforusingemojisubversively,sothatasmileyfacecouldbesenttoconveyadespising,mocking,andevenobnoxiousattitude,astheorbicularisoculi(themusclenearthatuppereyecorner)onthefaceoftheemojidoesnotmove,andtheorbicularisoris(theonenearthemouth)tightens,whichisbelievedtobeasignofsuppressingasmile.[105] Thesecondproblemrelatestotechnologyandbranding.Whenanauthorofamessagepicksanemojifromalist,itisnormallyencodedinanon-graphicalmannerduringthetransmission,andiftheauthorandthereaderdonotusethesamesoftwareoroperatingsystemfortheirdevices,thereader'sdevicemayvisualizethesameemojiinadifferentway.Smallchangestoacharacter'slookmaycompletelyalteritsperceivedmeaningwiththereceiver.Asanexample,inApril2020,BritishactressandpresenterJameelaJamilpostedatweetfromheriPhoneusingtheFacewithHandOverMouthemoji(🤭)aspartofacommentonpeopleshoppingforfoodduringtheCOVID-19pandemic.OnApple'siOS,theemojiexpressionisneutralandpensive,butonotherplatformstheemojishowsasagigglingface.Manyfanswereinitiallyupsetthinkingthatshe,asawelloffcelebrity,wasmockingpoorpeople,butthiswasnotherintendedmeaning.[106] ResearchersfromGermanStudiesInstituteatRuhr-UniversitätBochumfoundthatmostpeoplecaneasilyunderstandanemojiwhenitreplacesaworddirectly–likeaniconforaroseinsteadoftheword'rose'–yetittakespeopleabout50percentlongertocomprehendtheemoji. Variationandambiguity EmojicharactersvaryslightlybetweenplatformswithinthelimitsinmeaningdefinedbytheUnicodespecification,ascompanieshavetriedtoprovideartisticpresentationsofideasandobjects.[107]Forexample,followinganAppletradition,thecalendaremojionAppleproductsalwaysshowsJuly17,thedatein2002AppleannounceditsiCalcalendarapplicationformacOS.ThisledsomeAppleproductuserstoinitiallynicknameJuly17"WorldEmojiDay".[108]Otheremojifontsshowdifferentdatesordonotshowaspecificone.[109] SomeAppleemojiareverysimilartotheSoftBankstandard,sinceSoftBankwasthefirstJapanesenetworkonwhichtheiPhonelaunched.Forexample,U+1F483💃DANCERisfemaleonAppleandSoftBankstandardsbutmaleorgender-neutralonothers.[110] Journalistshavenotedthattheambiguityofemojihasallowedthemtotakeonculture-specificmeaningsnotpresentintheoriginalglyphs.Forexample,U+1F485💅NAILPOLISHhasbeendescribedasbeingusedinEnglish-languagecommunitiestosignify"non-caringfabulousness"[111]and"anythingfromshuttinghatersdowntoasenseofaccomplishment".[112][113]Unicodemanualssometimesprovidenotesonauxiliarymeaningsofanobjecttoguidedesignersonhowemojimaybeused,forexamplenotingthatsomeusersmayexpectU+1F4BA💺SEATtostandfor"areservedorticketedseat,asforanairplane,train,ortheater".[114] Controversialemoji EvolutionofthepistolemojiasrenderedbystockAndroidsystems.Fromlefttoright:JellyBean(pistol),KitKat(blunderbuss),Lollipop(revolver),Oreo(revolver)andPie(watergun). Someemojihavebeeninvolvedincontroversyduetotheirperceivedmeanings.Multiplearrestsandimprisonmentshavefollowedusageofpistol(U+1F52B🔫),knife(U+1F5E1🗡),andbomb(U+1F4A3💣)emojiinwaysthatauthoritiesdeemedcrediblethreats.[115] Inthelead-uptothe2016SummerOlympics,theUnicodeConsortiumconsideredproposalstoaddseveralOlympic-relatedemoji,includingmedalsandeventssuchashandballandwaterpolo.[116]ByOctober2015,thesecandidateemojiincluded"rifle"(U+1F946🥆)and"modernpentathlon"(U+1F93B🤻).[117][118]However,in2016,AppleandMicrosoftopposedthesetwoemoji,andthecharacterswereaddedwithoutemojipresentations,meaningthatsoftwareisexpectedtorendertheminblack-and-whiteratherthancolor,andemoji-specificsoftwaresuchasonscreenkeyboardswillgenerallynotincludethem.Inaddition,whiletheoriginalincarnationsofthemodernpentathlonemojidepicteditsfiveevents,includingamanpointingagun,thefinalglyphcontainsapersonridingahorse,alongwithalaserpistoltargetinthecorner.[115][118][119] Original(left)andrevised(right)Twitterdesigns,showingthetransitionfromarevolvertoawaterpistol OnAugust1,2016,AppleannouncedthatiniOS10,thepistolemoji(U+1F52B🔫)wouldbechangedfromarealisticrevolvertoawaterpistol.[115]Conversely,thefollowingday,MicrosoftpushedoutanupdatetoWindows10thatchangeditslongstandingdepictionofthepistolemojiasatoyray-guntoarealrevolver.[120]Microsoftstatedthatthechangewasmadetobringtheglyphmoreinlinewithindustry-standarddesignsandcustomerexpectations.[120]By2018,mostmajorplatformssuchasGoogle,Microsoft,Samsung,Facebook,andTwitterhadtransitionedtheirrenderingofthepistolemojitomatchApple'swatergunimplementation.[121]Apple'schangeofdepictionfromarealisticguntoatoygunwascriticisedbyamongotherstheeditorofEmojipedia,becauseitcouldleadtomessagesappearingdifferentlytothereceiverthanthesenderhadintended.[122]Insider'sRobPricesaiditcreatedthepotentialfor"seriousmiscommunicationacrossdifferentplatforms",andasked"WhatifajokesentfromanAppleusertoaGoogleuserismisconstruedbecauseofdifferencesinrendering?OrifagenuinethreatsentbyaGoogleusertoanAppleusergoesunreportedbecauseitistakenasajoke?"[123] Theeggplant(aubergine)emoji(U+1F346🍆)hasalsoseencontroversyduetoitbeingused,almostsolely[better source needed]inNorthAmericatorepresentapenis.[81][83][124][125]BeginninginDecember2014,thehashtag#EggplantFridaysbegantorisetopopularityonInstagramforuseinmarkingphotosfeaturingclothedorunclothedpenises.[124][125]ThisbecamesuchapopulartrendthatbeginninginApril2015,Instagramdisabledtheabilitytosearchfornotonlythe#EggplantFridaystag,butalsoothereggplant-containinghashtags,includingsimply#eggplantand#🍆.[124][125][126] Thepeachemoji(U+1F351🍑)haslikewisebeenusedasaeuphemisticiconforbuttocks,witha2016EmojipediaanalysisrevealingthatonlysevenpercentofEnglishlanguagetweetswiththepeachemojirefertotheactualfruit.[127][128][129]In2016,Appleattemptedtoredesigntheemojitolessresemblebuttocks.ThiswasmetwithfiercebacklashinbetatestingandApplereverseditsdecisionbythetimeitwentlivetothepublic.[130] InDecember2017,alawyerinDelhi,India,threatenedtofilealawsuitagainstWhatsAppforallowinguseofthemiddlefingeremoji(U+1F595🖕)onthebasisthatthecompanyis"directlyabettingtheuseofanoffensive,lewd,obscenegesture"inviolationoftheIndianPenalCode.[131] Emojiimplementation Mainarticle:ImplementationofEmojis EarlyimplementationinJapan Various,oftenincompatible,characterencodingschemesweredevelopedbythedifferentmobileprovidersinJapanfortheirownemojisets.[47][61]Forexample,theextendedShiftJISrepresentationF797isusedforaconveniencestore(🏪)bySoftBank,butforawristwatch(⌚️)byKDDI.[61][47]AllthreevendorsalsodevelopedschemesforencodingtheiremojiintheUnicodePrivateUseArea:DoCoMo,forexample,usedtherangeU+E63EthroughU+E757.[47]VersionsofiOSpriorto5.1encodedemojiintheSoftBankprivateusearea.[132][133] Unicodesupportconsiderations Most,butnotall,emojiareincludedintheSupplementaryMultilingualPlane(SMP)ofUnicode,whichisalsousedforancientscripts,somemodernscriptssuchasAdlamorOsage,andspecial-usecharacterssuchasMathematicalAlphanumericSymbols.[134]SomesystemsintroducedpriortotheadventofUnicodeemojiwereonlydesignedtosupportcharactersintheBasicMultilingualPlane(BMP),ontheassumptionthatnon-BMPcharacterswouldrarelybeencountered,[76]althoughfailuretoproperlyhandlecharactersoutsideoftheBMPprecludesUnicodecompliance.[135] TheintroductionofUnicodeemojicreatedanincentiveforvendorstoimprovetheirsupportfornon-BMPcharacters.[76]TheUnicodeConsortiumnotesthat"[b]ecauseofthedemandforemoji,manyimplementationshaveupgradedtheirUnicodesupportsubstantially",alsohelpingsupportforminoritylanguagesthatusethosefeatures.[75] Colorsupport Anyoperatingsystemthatsupportsaddingadditionalfontstothesystemcanaddanemoji-supportingfont.However,inclusionofcolorfulemojiinexistingfontformatsrequiresdedicatedsupportforcolorglyphs.Notalloperatingsystemshavesupportforcolorfonts,sointhesecasesemojimighthavetoberenderedasblack-and-whitelineartornotatall.Therearefourdifferentformatsusedformulti-colorglyphsinanSFNTfont,[136]notallofwhicharenecessarilysupportedbyagivenoperatingsystemlibraryorsoftwarepackagesuchasawebbrowserorgraphicalprogram.[137]Thismeansthatcolorfontsmayneedtobesuppliedinseveralformatstobeusableonmultipleoperatingsystems,orinmultipleapplications. Implementationbydifferentplatformsandvendors ApplefirstintroducedemojitotheirdesktopoperatingsystemwiththereleaseofOSX10.7Lion,in2011.Userscanviewemojicharacterssentthroughemailandmessagingapplications,whicharecommonlysharedbymobileusers,aswellasanyotherapplication.Userscancreateemojisymbolsusingthe"Characters"specialinputpanelfromalmostanynativeapplicationbyselectingthe"Edit"menuandpullingdownto"SpecialCharacters",orbythekeycombination⌘Command+⌥Option+T.TheemojikeyboardwasfirstavailableinJapanwiththereleaseofiPhoneOSversion2.2in2008.[138]TheemojikeyboardwasnotofficiallymadeavailableoutsideofJapanuntiliOSversion5.0.[139]FromiPhoneOS2.2throughtoiOS4.3.5(2011),thoseoutsideJapancouldaccessthekeyboardbuthadtouseathirdpartyapptoenableit.Applehasrevealedthatthe"facewithtearsofjoy"isthemostpopularemojiamongEnglishspeakingAmericans.Onsecondplaceisthe"heart"emojifollowedbythe"LoudlyCryingFace".[140][141] AnupdateforWindows7andWindowsServer2008R2broughtasubsetofthemonochromeUnicodesettothoseoperatingsystemsaspartoftheSegoeUISymbolfont.[142]AsofWindows8.1Preview,theSegoeUIEmojifontisincluded,whichsuppliesfull-colorpictographs.TheplainSegoeUIfontlacksemojicharacters,whereasSegoeUISymbolandSegoeUIEmojiincludethem.Emojicharactersareaccessedthroughtheonscreenkeyboard's😀key,orthroughthephysicalkeyboardshortcut⊞Win+.. FacebookandTwitterreplaceallUnicodeemojiusedontheirwebsiteswiththeirowncustomgraphics.PriortoOctober2017,FacebookhaddifferentsetsforthemainsiteandforitsMessengerservice,whereonlytheformerprovidescompletecoverage.MessengernowusesAppleemojioniOS,andthemainFacebooksetelsewhere.[143]Facebookreactionsareonlypartiallycompatiblewithstandardemoji.[citationneeded] Modifiers Emojiversustextpresentation Unicodedefinesvariationsequencesformanyofitsemojitoindicatetheirdesiredpresentation. Emojicharacterscanhavetwomainkindsofpresentation: anemojipresentation,withcolorfulandperhapswhimsicalshapes,evenanimated atextpresentation,suchasblack&white— UnicodeTechnicalReport#51:UnicodeEmoji[58] SpecifyingthedesiredpresentationisdonebyfollowingthebaseemojiwitheitherU+FE0EVARIATIONSELECTOR-15(VS15)fortextorU+FE0FVARIATIONSELECTOR-16(VS16)foremoji-style.[144] Sampleemojivariationsequences U+ 2139 231B 26A0 2712 2764 1F004 1F21A default presentation text emoji text text text emoji emoji base code point ℹ ⌛ ⚠ ✒ ❤ 🀄 🈚 base+VS15(text) ℹ︎ ⌛︎ ⚠︎ ✒︎ ❤︎ 🀄︎ 🈚︎ base+VS16(emoji) ℹ️ ⌛️ ⚠️ ✒️ ❤️ 🀄️ 🈚️ Twemojiimage Skincolor Mainarticle:Emojimodifiers FivesymbolmodifiercharacterswereaddedwithUnicode8.0toprovidearangeofskintonesforhumanemoji.ThesemodifiersarecalledEMOJIMODIFIERFITZPATRICKTYPE-1-2,-3,-4,-5,and-6(U+1F3FB–U+1F3FF):🏻🏼🏽🏾🏿.TheyarebasedontheFitzpatrickscaleforclassifyinghumanskincolor.Humanemojithatarenotfollowedbyoneofthesefivemodifiersshouldbedisplayedinageneric,non-realisticskintone,suchasbrightyellow(■),blue(■),orgray(■).[58]Non-humanemoji(likeU+26FD⛽FUELPUMP)areunaffectedbytheFitzpatrickmodifiers. AsofUnicode14.0,Fitzpatrickmodifierscanbeusedwith129humanemojispreadacrosssevenblocks:Dingbats,Emoticons,MiscellaneousSymbols,MiscellaneousSymbolsandPictographs,SupplementalSymbolsandPictographs,TransportandMapSymbols,andSymbolsandPictographsExtended-A.[145] ThefollowingtableshowsboththeUnicodecharactersandtheopen-source"Twemoji"images,designedbyTwitter: SampleuseofFitzpatrickmodifiers Codepoint Default FITZ-1-2 FITZ-3 FITZ-4 FITZ-5 FITZ-6 U+1F9D2:Child Text 🧒 🧒🏻 🧒🏼 🧒🏽 🧒🏾 🧒🏿 Image U+1F466:Boy Text 👦 👦🏻 👦🏼 👦🏽 👦🏾 👦🏿 Image U+1F467:Girl Text 👧 👧🏻 👧🏼 👧🏽 👧🏾 👧🏿 Image U+1F9D1:Adult Text 🧑 🧑🏻 🧑🏼 🧑🏽 🧑🏾 🧑🏿 Image U+1F468:Man Text 👨 👨🏻 👨🏼 👨🏽 👨🏾 👨🏿 Image U+1F469:Woman Text 👩 👩🏻 👩🏼 👩🏽 👩🏾 👩🏿 Image Joining BehaviouroftheZWJandZWNJformatcontrolswithvarioustypesofcharacter,includingemoji. Implementationsmayuseazero-widthjoiner(ZWJ)betweenmultipleemojitomakethembehavelikeasingle,uniqueemojicharacter.[58]Forexample,thesequenceU+1F468👨MAN,U+200DZWJ,U+1F469👩WOMAN,U+200DZWJ,U+1F467👧GIRL(👨‍👩‍👧)couldbedisplayedasasingleemojidepictingafamilywithaman,awoman,andagirliftheimplementationsupportsit.SystemsthatdonotsupportitwouldignoretheZWJs,displayingonlythethreebaseemojiinorder(👨👩👧). UnicodepreviouslymaintainedacatalogofemojiZWJsequencesthatweresupportedonatleastonecommonlyavailableplatform.Theconsortiumhassinceswitchedtodocumentingsequencesthatarerecommendedforgeneralinterchange(RGI).Theseareclustersthatemojifontsareexpectedtoincludeaspartofthestandard.[146] Unicodeblocks Mainarticles:Dingbats(Unicodeblock),Emoticons(Unicodeblock),MiscellaneousSymbols(Unicodeblock),MiscellaneousSymbolsandPictographs(Unicodeblock),SupplementalSymbolsandPictographs(Unicodeblock),SymbolsandPictographsExtended-A(Unicodeblock),andTransportandMapSymbols(Unicodeblock) Unicode14.0representsemojiusing1,404charactersspreadacross24blocks,ofwhich26areRegionalIndicatorSymbolsthatcombineinpairstoformflagemoji,and12(#,*and0–9)arebasecharactersforkeycapemojisequences:[145][58] 637ofthe768codepointsintheMiscellaneousSymbolsandPictographsblockareconsideredemoji.242ofthe256codepointsintheSupplementalSymbolsandPictographsblockareconsideredemoji.Allofthe88codepointsintheSymbolsandPictographsExtended-Ablockareconsideredemoji.Allofthe80codepointsintheEmoticonsblockareconsideredemoji.104ofthe117codepointsintheTransportandMapSymbolsblockareconsideredemoji.83ofthe256codepointsintheMiscellaneousSymbolsblockareconsideredemoji.33ofthe192codepointsintheDingbatsblockareconsideredemoji. Listofemoji[1][2][3][4]   0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F U+00Ax ©️ ®️ U+203x ‼️ U+204x ⁉️ U+212x ™️ U+213x ℹ️ U+219x ↔️ ↕️ ↖️ ↗️ ↘️ ↙️ U+21Ax ↩️ ↪️ U+231x ⌚️ ⌛️ U+232x ⌨️ U+23Cx ⏏️ U+23Ex ⏩️ ⏪️ ⏫️ ⏬️ ⏭️ ⏮️ ⏯️ U+23Fx ⏰️ ⏱️ ⏲️ ⏳️ ⏸️ ⏹️ ⏺️ U+24Cx Ⓜ️ U+25Ax ▪️ ▫️ U+25Bx ▶️ U+25Cx ◀️ U+25Fx ◻️ ◼️ ◽️ ◾️ U+260x ☀️ ☁️ ☂️ ☃️ ☄️ ☎️ U+261x ☑️ ☔️ ☕️ ☘️ ☝️ U+262x ☠️ ☢️ ☣️ ☦️ ☪️ ☮️ ☯️ U+263x ☸️ ☹️ ☺️ U+264x ♀️ ♂️ ♈️ ♉️ ♊️ ♋️ ♌️ ♍️ ♎️ ♏️ U+265x ♐️ ♑️ ♒️ ♓️ ♟️ U+266x ♠️ ♣️ ♥️ ♦️ ♨️ U+267x ♻️ ♾️ ♿️ U+269x ⚒️ ⚓️ ⚔️ ⚕️ ⚖️ ⚗️ ⚙️ ⚛️ ⚜️ U+26Ax ⚠️ ⚡️ ⚧️ ⚪️ ⚫️ U+26Bx ⚰️ ⚱️ ⚽️ ⚾️ U+26Cx ⛄️ ⛅️ ⛈️ ⛎️ ⛏️ U+26Dx ⛑️ ⛓️ ⛔️   0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F U+26Ex ⛩️ ⛪️ U+26Fx ⛰️ ⛱️ ⛲️ ⛳️ ⛴️ ⛵️ ⛷️ ⛸️ ⛹️ ⛺️ ⛽️ U+270x ✂️ ✅️ ✈️ ✉️ ✊️ ✋️ ✌️ ✍️ ✏️ U+271x ✒️ ✔️ ✖️ ✝️ U+272x ✡️ ✨️ U+273x ✳️ ✴️ U+274x ❄️ ❇️ ❌️ ❎️ U+275x ❓️ ❔️ ❕️ ❗️ U+276x ❣️ ❤️ U+279x ➕️ ➖️ ➗️ U+27Ax ➡️ U+27Bx ➰️ ➿️ U+293x ⤴️ ⤵️ U+2B0x ⬅️ ⬆️ ⬇️ U+2B1x ⬛️ ⬜️ U+2B5x ⭐️ ⭕️ U+303x 〰️ 〽️ U+329x ㊗️ ㊙️ U+1F00x 🀄 U+1F0Cx 🃏 U+1F17x 🅰️ 🅱️ 🅾️ 🅿️ U+1F18x 🆎 U+1F19x 🆑 🆒 🆓 🆔 🆕 🆖 🆗 🆘 🆙 🆚 U+1F20x 🈁 🈂️ U+1F21x 🈚 U+1F22x 🈯 U+1F23x 🈲 🈳 🈴 🈵 🈶 🈷️ 🈸 🈹 🈺 U+1F25x 🉐 🉑 U+1F30x 🌀 🌁 🌂 🌃 🌄 🌅 🌆 🌇 🌈 🌉 🌊 🌋 🌌 🌍 🌎 🌏 U+1F31x 🌐 🌑 🌒 🌓 🌔 🌕 🌖 🌗 🌘 🌙 🌚 🌛 🌜 🌝 🌞 🌟   0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F U+1F32x 🌠 🌡️ 🌤️ 🌥️ 🌦️ 🌧️ 🌨️ 🌩️ 🌪️ 🌫️ 🌬️ 🌭 🌮 🌯 U+1F33x 🌰 🌱 🌲 🌳 🌴 🌵 🌶️ 🌷 🌸 🌹 🌺 🌻 🌼 🌽 🌾 🌿 U+1F34x 🍀 🍁 🍂 🍃 🍄 🍅 🍆 🍇 🍈 🍉 🍊 🍋 🍌 🍍 🍎 🍏 U+1F35x 🍐 🍑 🍒 🍓 🍔 🍕 🍖 🍗 🍘 🍙 🍚 🍛 🍜 🍝 🍞 🍟 U+1F36x 🍠 🍡 🍢 🍣 🍤 🍥 🍦 🍧 🍨 🍩 🍪 🍫 🍬 🍭 🍮 🍯 U+1F37x 🍰 🍱 🍲 🍳 🍴 🍵 🍶 🍷 🍸 🍹 🍺 🍻 🍼 🍽️ 🍾 🍿 U+1F38x 🎀 🎁 🎂 🎃 🎄 🎅 🎆 🎇 🎈 🎉 🎊 🎋 🎌 🎍 🎎 🎏 U+1F39x 🎐 🎑 🎒 🎓 🎖️ 🎗️ 🎙️ 🎚️ 🎛️ 🎞️ 🎟️ U+1F3Ax 🎠 🎡 🎢 🎣 🎤 🎥 🎦 🎧 🎨 🎩 🎪 🎫 🎬 🎭 🎮 🎯 U+1F3Bx 🎰 🎱 🎲 🎳 🎴 🎵 🎶 🎷 🎸 🎹 🎺 🎻 🎼 🎽 🎾 🎿 U+1F3Cx 🏀 🏁 🏂 🏃 🏄 🏅 🏆 🏇 🏈 🏉 🏊 🏋️ 🏌️ 🏍️ 🏎️ 🏏 U+1F3Dx 🏐 🏑 🏒 🏓 🏔️ 🏕️ 🏖️ 🏗️ 🏘️ 🏙️ 🏚️ 🏛️ 🏜️ 🏝️ 🏞️ 🏟️ U+1F3Ex 🏠 🏡 🏢 🏣 🏤 🏥 🏦 🏧 🏨 🏩 🏪 🏫 🏬 🏭 🏮 🏯 U+1F3Fx 🏰 🏳️ 🏴 🏵️ 🏷️ 🏸 🏹 🏺 🏻 🏼 🏽 🏾 🏿 U+1F40x 🐀 🐁 🐂 🐃 🐄 🐅 🐆 🐇 🐈 🐉 🐊 🐋 🐌 🐍 🐎 🐏 U+1F41x 🐐 🐑 🐒 🐓 🐔 🐕 🐖 🐗 🐘 🐙 🐚 🐛 🐜 🐝 🐞 🐟 U+1F42x 🐠 🐡 🐢 🐣 🐤 🐥 🐦 🐧 🐨 🐩 🐪 🐫 🐬 🐭 🐮 🐯 U+1F43x 🐰 🐱 🐲 🐳 🐴 🐵 🐶 🐷 🐸 🐹 🐺 🐻 🐼 🐽 🐾 🐿️ U+1F44x 👀 👁️ 👂 👃 👄 👅 👆 👇 👈 👉 👊 👋 👌 👍 👎 👏 U+1F45x 👐 👑 👒 👓 👔 👕 👖 👗 👘 👙 👚 👛 👜 👝 👞 👟 U+1F46x 👠 👡 👢 👣 👤 👥 👦 👧 👨 👩 👪 👫 👬 👭 👮 👯 U+1F47x 👰 👱 👲 👳 👴 👵 👶 👷 👸 👹 👺 👻 👼 👽 👾 👿 U+1F48x 💀 💁 💂 💃 💄 💅 💆 💇 💈 💉 💊 💋 💌 💍 💎 💏 U+1F49x 💐 💑 💒 💓 💔 💕 💖 💗 💘 💙 💚 💛 💜 💝 💞 💟 U+1F4Ax 💠 💡 💢 💣 💤 💥 💦 💧 💨 💩 💪 💫 💬 💭 💮 💯 U+1F4Bx 💰 💱 💲 💳 💴 💵 💶 💷 💸 💹 💺 💻 💼 💽 💾 💿 U+1F4Cx 📀 📁 📂 📃 📄 📅 📆 📇 📈 📉 📊 📋 📌 📍 📎 📏 U+1F4Dx 📐 📑 📒 📓 📔 📕 📖 📗 📘 📙 📚 📛 📜 📝 📞 📟 U+1F4Ex 📠 📡 📢 📣 📤 📥 📦 📧 📨 📩 📪 📫 📬 📭 📮 📯 U+1F4Fx 📰 📱 📲 📳 📴 📵 📶 📷 📸 📹 📺 📻 📼 📽️ 📿   0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F U+1F50x 🔀 🔁 🔂 🔃 🔄 🔅 🔆 🔇 🔈 🔉 🔊 🔋 🔌 🔍 🔎 🔏 U+1F51x 🔐 🔑 🔒 🔓 🔔 🔕 🔖 🔗 🔘 🔙 🔚 🔛 🔜 🔝 🔞 🔟 U+1F52x 🔠 🔡 🔢 🔣 🔤 🔥 🔦 🔧 🔨 🔩 🔪 🔫 🔬 🔭 🔮 🔯 U+1F53x 🔰 🔱 🔲 🔳 🔴 🔵 🔶 🔷 🔸 🔹 🔺 🔻 🔼 🔽 U+1F54x 🕉️ 🕊️ 🕋 🕌 🕍 🕎 U+1F55x 🕐 🕑 🕒 🕓 🕔 🕕 🕖 🕗 🕘 🕙 🕚 🕛 🕜 🕝 🕞 🕟 U+1F56x 🕠 🕡 🕢 🕣 🕤 🕥 🕦 🕧 🕯️ U+1F57x 🕰️ 🕳️ 🕴️ 🕵️ 🕶️ 🕷️ 🕸️ 🕹️ 🕺 U+1F58x 🖇️ 🖊️ 🖋️ 🖌️ 🖍️ U+1F59x 🖐️ 🖕 🖖 U+1F5Ax 🖤 🖥️ 🖨️ U+1F5Bx 🖱️ 🖲️ 🖼️ U+1F5Cx 🗂️ 🗃️ 🗄️ U+1F5Dx 🗑️ 🗒️ 🗓️ 🗜️ 🗝️ 🗞️ U+1F5Ex 🗡️ 🗣️ 🗨️ 🗯️ U+1F5Fx 🗳️ 🗺️ 🗻 🗼 🗽 🗾 🗿 U+1F60x 😀 😁 😂 😃 😄 😅 😆 😇 😈 😉 😊 😋 😌 😍 😎 😏 U+1F61x 😐 😑 😒 😓 😔 😕 😖 😗 😘 😙 😚 😛 😜 😝 😞 😟 U+1F62x 😠 😡 😢 😣 😤 😥 😦 😧 😨 😩 😪 😫 😬 😭 😮 😯 U+1F63x 😰 😱 😲 😳 😴 😵 😶 😷 😸 😹 😺 😻 😼 😽 😾 😿 U+1F64x 🙀 🙁 🙂 🙃 🙄 🙅 🙆 🙇 🙈 🙉 🙊 🙋 🙌 🙍 🙎 🙏 U+1F68x 🚀 🚁 🚂 🚃 🚄 🚅 🚆 🚇 🚈 🚉 🚊 🚋 🚌 🚍 🚎 🚏 U+1F69x 🚐 🚑 🚒 🚓 🚔 🚕 🚖 🚗 🚘 🚙 🚚 🚛 🚜 🚝 🚞 🚟 U+1F6Ax 🚠 🚡 🚢 🚣 🚤 🚥 🚦 🚧 🚨 🚩 🚪 🚫 🚬 🚭 🚮 🚯 U+1F6Bx 🚰 🚱 🚲 🚳 🚴 🚵 🚶 🚷 🚸 🚹 🚺 🚻 🚼 🚽 🚾 🚿 U+1F6Cx 🛀 🛁 🛂 🛃 🛄 🛅 🛋️ 🛌 🛍️ 🛎️ 🛏️ U+1F6Dx 🛐 🛑 🛒 🛕 🛖 🛗 🛝 🛞 🛟 U+1F6Ex 🛠️ 🛡️ 🛢️ 🛣️ 🛤️ 🛥️ 🛩️ 🛫 🛬 U+1F6Fx 🛰️ 🛳️ 🛴 🛵 🛶 🛷 🛸 🛹 🛺 🛻 🛼 U+1F7Ex 🟠 🟡 🟢 🟣 🟤 🟥 🟦 🟧 🟨 🟩 🟪 🟫   0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F U+1F7Fx 🟰 U+1F90x 🤌 🤍 🤎 🤏 U+1F91x 🤐 🤑 🤒 🤓 🤔 🤕 🤖 🤗 🤘 🤙 🤚 🤛 🤜 🤝 🤞 🤟 U+1F92x 🤠 🤡 🤢 🤣 🤤 🤥 🤦 🤧 🤨 🤩 🤪 🤫 🤬 🤭 🤮 🤯 U+1F93x 🤰 🤱 🤲 🤳 🤴 🤵 🤶 🤷 🤸 🤹 🤺 🤼 🤽 🤾 🤿 U+1F94x 🥀 🥁 🥂 🥃 🥄 🥅 🥇 🥈 🥉 🥊 🥋 🥌 🥍 🥎 🥏 U+1F95x 🥐 🥑 🥒 🥓 🥔 🥕 🥖 🥗 🥘 🥙 🥚 🥛 🥜 🥝 🥞 🥟 U+1F96x 🥠 🥡 🥢 🥣 🥤 🥥 🥦 🥧 🥨 🥩 🥪 🥫 🥬 🥭 🥮 🥯 U+1F97x 🥰 🥱 🥲 🥳 🥴 🥵 🥶 🥷 🥸 🥹 🥺 🥻 🥼 🥽 🥾 🥿 U+1F98x 🦀 🦁 🦂 🦃 🦄 🦅 🦆 🦇 🦈 🦉 🦊 🦋 🦌 🦍 🦎 🦏 U+1F99x 🦐 🦑 🦒 🦓 🦔 🦕 🦖 🦗 🦘 🦙 🦚 🦛 🦜 🦝 🦞 🦟 U+1F9Ax 🦠 🦡 🦢 🦣 🦤 🦥 🦦 🦧 🦨 🦩 🦪 🦫 🦬 🦭 🦮 🦯 U+1F9Bx 🦰 🦱 🦲 🦳 🦴 🦵 🦶 🦷 🦸 🦹 🦺 🦻 🦼 🦽 🦾 🦿 U+1F9Cx 🧀 🧁 🧂 🧃 🧄 🧅 🧆 🧇 🧈 🧉 🧊 🧋 🧌 🧍 🧎 🧏 U+1F9Dx 🧐 🧑 🧒 🧓 🧔 🧕 🧖 🧗 🧘 🧙 🧚 🧛 🧜 🧝 🧞 🧟 U+1F9Ex 🧠 🧡 🧢 🧣 🧤 🧥 🧦 🧧 🧨 🧩 🧪 🧫 🧬 🧭 🧮 🧯 U+1F9Fx 🧰 🧱 🧲 🧳 🧴 🧵 🧶 🧷 🧸 🧹 🧺 🧻 🧼 🧽 🧾 🧿 U+1FA7x 🩰 🩱 🩲 🩳 🩴 🩸 🩹 🩺 🩻 🩼 U+1FA8x 🪀 🪁 🪂 🪃 🪄 🪅 🪆 U+1FA9x 🪐 🪑 🪒 🪓 🪔 🪕 🪖 🪗 🪘 🪙 🪚 🪛 🪜 🪝 🪞 🪟 U+1FAAx 🪠 🪡 🪢 🪣 🪤 🪥 🪦 🪧 🪨 🪩 🪪 🪫 🪬 U+1FABx 🪰 🪱 🪲 🪳 🪴 🪵 🪶 🪷 🪸 🪹 🪺 U+1FACx 🫀 🫁 🫂 🫃 🫄 🫅 U+1FADx 🫐 🫑 🫒 🫓 🫔 🫕 🫖 🫗 🫘 🫙 U+1FAEx 🫠 🫡 🫢 🫣 🫤 🫥 🫦 🫧 U+1FAFx 🫰 🫱 🫲 🫳 🫴 🫵 🫶   0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F Notes 1.^AsofUnicodeversion14.0 2.^Greyareasindicatenon-emojiornon-assignedcodepoints 3.^"UTR#51:UnicodeEmoji".UnicodeConsortium. 4.^"UCD:EmojiDataforUTR#51".UnicodeConsortium.August26,2021. AdditionalemojicanbefoundinthefollowingUnicodeblocks:Arrows(8codepointsconsideredemoji),BasicLatin(12),CJKSymbolsandPunctuation(2),EnclosedAlphanumericSupplement(41),EnclosedAlphanumerics(1),EnclosedCJKLettersandMonths(2),EnclosedIdeographicSupplement(15),GeneralPunctuation(2),GeometricShapes(8),GeometricShapesExtended(13),Latin-1Supplement(2),LetterlikeSymbols(2),MahjongTiles(1),MiscellaneousSymbolsandArrows(7),MiscellaneousTechnical(18),PlayingCards(1),andSupplementalArrows-B(2). Additions Somevendors,mostnotablyMicrosoft,SamsungandHTC,addemojipresentationtosomeotherexistingUnicodecharactersorcointheirownZWJsequences. MicrosoftdisplaysallMahjongtiles(U+1F000‥2B,notjustU+1F004🀄MAHJONGTILEREDDRAGON)andalternativecardsuits(U+2661♡,U+2662♢,U+2664♤,U+2667♧)asemoji.Theyalsosupportadditionalpencils(U+270E✎,U+2710✐)andaheart-shapedbullet(U+2765❥). WhileonlyU+261D☝isofficiallyanemoji,MicrosoftandSamsungaddtheotherthreedirectionsaswell(U+261C☜,U+261E☞,U+261F☟). BothvendorspairthestandardcheckedballotboxemojiU+2611☑withitscrossedvariantU+2612☒,butonlySamsungalsohastheemptyballotboxU+2610☐. SamsungalmostcompletelycoverstherestoftheMiscellaneousSymbolsblock(U+2600‥FF)asemoji,whichincludesChesspieces,gamediefaces,sometrafficsignaswellasgenealogicalandastronomicalsymbolsforinstance. HTCsupportsmostadditionalpictographsfromtheMiscellaneousSymbolsandPictographs(U+1F300‥5FF)andTransportandMapSymbols(U+1F680‥FF)blocks.SomeofthemarealsoshownasemojionSamsungdevices. TheopensourceprojectsEmojidexandEmojitwoaretryingtocoveralloftheseextensionsestablishedbymajorvendors. Inpopularculture The2009filmMoonfeaturedarobotnamedGERTYwhocommunicatesusinganeutral-tonedsynthesizedvoicetogetherwithascreenshowingemojirepresentingthecorrespondingemotionalcontent.[147] In2014,theLibraryofCongressacquiredanemojiversionofHermanMelville'sMobyDickcreatedbyFredBenenson.[148][149] AmusicalcalledEmojilandpremieredatRockwellTable&StageinLosAngelesinMay2016,[87][88]afterselectedsongswerepresentedatthesamevenuein2015.[150][151] InOctober2016,theMuseumofModernArtacquiredtheoriginalcollectionofemojidistributedbyNTTDocomoin1999.[152] InNovember2016,thefirstemoji-themedconvention,Emojicon,washeldinSanFrancisco.[153] InMarch2017,thefirstepisodeofthefifthseasonofSamuraiJackfeaturedaliencharacterswhocommunicateinemoji.[154] InApril2017,theDoctorWhoepisode"Smile"featurednanobotscalledVardy,whichcommunicatethroughroboticavatarsthatuseemoji(withoutanyaccompanyingspeechoutput)andaresometimesreferredtobythetimetravelersas"Emojibots".[155] OnJuly28,2017,SonyPicturesAnimationreleasedTheEmojiMovie,a3DcomputeranimatedmoviefeaturingthevoicesofPatrickStewart,ChristinaAguilera,SofíaVergara,AnnaFaris,T.J.Miller,andothernotableactorsandcomedians.[156] OnSeptember3,2021Drake(musician)releasedhissixthstudioalbum,CertifiedLoverBoywithalbumcoverartfeaturingtwelveemojiofpregnantwomeninvaryingclothingcolours,haircolorsandskintones.[157][158] Seealso Pictograph Emojipedia iConji Kaomoji Emojli Hieroglyphics Blobemoji Notes ^AlsohasARIB(ARIBSJIS0xEECE)[60]andJCarrier(SoftBankSJIS0xF7DA,auSJIS0xF74A)[61]sources. ^OlderaubyKDDIdeviceshadusedpictorialrepresentationsofallzodiacsigns,displayingforinstancethepiscessign(♓️)asafish(🐟).Laterdeviceshadchangedthesetosymbols,forconsistencywithothervendors.[65] References ^"emojiMeaningintheCambridgeEnglishDictionary".RetrievedMarch30,2017. ^"Emojisactuallymakeourlanguagebetter".August12,2017. ^Hern,Alex(February6,2015)."Don'tknowthedifferencebetweenemojiandemoticons?Letmeexplain".TheGuardian. ^Taggart,Caroline(November5,2015).NewWordsforOld:RecyclingOurLanguagefortheModernWorld.MichaelO'MaraBooks.ISBN 9781782434733.RetrievedOctober25,2017–viaGoogleBooks.HardontheheelsoftheemoticoncomestheJapanese-bornemoji,alsoaDIGITALiconusedtoexpressemotion,butmoresophisticatedintermsofimagerythanthosethatarecreatedbypressingacolonfollowedbyaparenthesis.EmojiismadeupoftheJapaneseforpicture(e)andcharacter(moji),soitsresemblancetoemotionandemoticonisaparticularlyhappycoincidence. ^abBlagdon,Jeff(March4,2013)."Howemojiconqueredtheworld".TheVerge.VoxMedia.RetrievedNovember6,2013. ^Sternbergh,Adam(November16,2014)."Smile,You'reSpeakingEMOJI:Thefastevolutionofawordlesstongue".NewYork. ^"Android–4.4KitKat".android.com. ^"HowEmojistookcenterstageinAmericanpopculture".NBCNews.July17,2017. ^Fisher,Jonathan(April22,2015)."Here'showpeopleindifferentcountriesuseemoji".BusinessInsiderAustralia.RetrievedApril15,2021. ^"OxfordDictionaries2015WordoftheYearisanEmoji".PBSNewshour.November17,2015.RetrievedAugust23,2017. ^PhiliopSeargeant.TheEmojiRevolution:HowTechnologyisShapingtheFutureofCommunication.Cambridge,CambridgeUniversityPress,2019. ^Kalantzis,Mary;Cope,Bill(2020).AddingSense:ContextandInterestinaGrammarofMultimodalMeaning.CambridgeUniversityPress.p. 33.ISBN 978-1-108-49534-9. ^Cope,Bill;Kalantzis,Mary."ALittleHistoryofe-Learning".RetrievedOctober26,2021–viaResearchGate. ^"Happy30thBirthdayEmoticon!".Independent.September8,2012.RetrievedNovember30,2017. ^-)turns25,AssociatedPress,September20,2007,archivedfromtheoriginalonOctober12,2007,retrievedSeptember20,2007 ^Nabokov,Vladimir(1973),StrongOpinions,NewYork,pp. 133–134,doi:10.2277/052153643X,ISBN 0-679-72609-8 ^"WhyDoWeUseEmojisAnyway?AFascinatingHistoryofEmoticons".ReadersDigest.December9,2016.RetrievedNovember30,2017. ^"Emoji101".OverdriveInteractive.October14,2015.RetrievedNovember30,2017. ^Edwards,Phil(August26,2015)."WhytheWingdingsfontexists".Vox. ^abcd"CorrectingtheRecordontheFirstEmojiSet".Emojipedia.March8,2019. ^"Souriez!LeGSMprésenteunnouveauvisage"(inFrench).LeMonde.November7,1995.p. 13. ^Alt,Matt(December7,2015)."WhyJapanGotOverEmojis".RetrievedJanuary22,2019. ^Steinmetz,Katy(November16,2015)."Oxford's2015WordoftheYearIsThisEmoji".Time.RetrievedJuly28,2017. ^Sternbergh,Adam(November16,2014)."Smile,You'reSpeakingEmoji". ^abNegishi,Mayumi(March26,2014)."MeetShigetakaKurita,theFatherofEmoji".TheWallStreetJournal.RetrievedAugust16,2015. ^HånbergAlonso,Daniel."EmojiTimeline". ^Kurita,Shigetaka(January3,2019)."日本のモバイル端末における絵文字はポケベルが最初ですが、ケータイに関しては私が開発したドコモの絵文字が最初ではなく、J-PHONEのパイオニアDP-211SWが最初だったと思います。

".Twitter. ^"NTTDoCoMoEmojiList".nttdocomo.co.jp. ^Nakano,Mamiko."WhyandhowIcreatedemoji:InterviewwithShigetakaKurita".Ignition.TranslatedbyMitsuyoInabaLee.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonJune10,2016.RetrievedAugust16,2015. ^Ness,Amanda(October26,2016)."LookWho'sSmileyNow:MoMAAcquiresOriginalEmoji".TheNewYorkTimes. ^abMcCurry,Justin(October27,2016)."Theinventorofemojionhisfamouscreations–andhisall-timefavorite".TheGuardian.RetrievedJune17,2018. ^"Nokia3310UserGuide".Nokia. ^Schwartzberg,Lauren(November18,2014)."TheOralHistoryOfThePoopEmoji(Or,HowGoogleBroughtPoopToAmerica)".FastCompany.RetrievedMarch29,2017. ^Blagdon,Jeff(March4,2013)."Howemojiconqueredtheworld".TheVerge. ^"Unicode1.1EmojiList".Emojipedia. ^Whistler,Ken(February1,2021)."Re:Originsof⌚U+231AWATCHand⌛U+231BHOURGLASS".UnicodeMailListArchives. ^ab"EmojiEncodingPrinciples".UnicodeConsortium. ^"Unicode4.0List".Emojipedia. ^ab"HostofNewCharactersandEmojiIntroducedinUnicode7.0".Hexus.June17,2014.RetrievedNovember30,2017. ^abSpeare-Cole,Rebecca(November10,2019)."Manbehindiconicsmileyfacesymbolsayslimitednumberofemojisrestrictsfreedomofspeech".EveningStandard. ^Golby,Joel(August9,2017)."TheManWhoOwnstheSmileyFace".Vice. ^"Nokia3310Userguide"(PDF).Nokia. ^Hutchins,Robert(March7,2016)."SmileyWorld'sCEONicolasLoufranionplagiarism,theschoolmarketandapushformoretoys".Licensing.biz. ^Schwartzberg,Lauren(November18,2014)."TheOralHistoryOfThePoopEmoji(Or,HowGoogleBroughtPoopToAmerica)".FastCompany.RetrievedMarch29,2017. ^Burge,Jeremy(November21,2018)."AppleEmojiTurns10".Emojipedia.RetrievedDecember31,2018. ^Emojipedia."AppleiPhoneOS2.2".Emojipedia. ^abcdefScherer,Markus;Davis,Mark;Momoi,Kat;Tong,Darick;Kida,Yasuo;Edberg,Peter."EmojiSymbols:BackgroundData—BackgrounddataforProposalforEncodingEmojiSymbols"(PDF).UTCL2/10-132. ^"Nishiki-tekiVersion3.90r(2021-09-25)—6,463charactersinthePrivateUseAreas"(PDF). ^Suignard,Michel(March11,2008).JapaneseTVSymbols(PDF).UTCL2/08-077R2/ISO/IECJTC1/SC2/WG2N3397. ^Emojipedia."Unicode5.2EmojiList".Emojipedia. ^Cocozza,Paula(November17,2015)."Cryingwithlaughter:howwelearnedhowtospeakemoji".TheGuardian.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonMay6,2019.RetrievedJuly28,2017. ^"AppShopper:Emoji".AppShopper.RetrievedMarch1,2017. ^"ApplereleasesiPhoneSoftwarev2.2".AppleInsider.RetrievedFebruary28,2017. ^"FAQ–Emoji&Dingbats".unicode.org. ^"StandardEmojikeyboardarrivestoiOS5,here'showtoenableit".9to5Mac.June8,2011.RetrievedFebruary28,2017. ^Suignard,Michel(September18,2007)."JapaneseTVSymbols"(PDF).UTCL2/07-391,ISO/IECJTC1/SC2/WG2N3341. ^Freytag,Asmus(February13,2002)."NotesonproposedSymbolsfromDPRK"(PDF).ISO/IECJTC1/SC2/WG2N2417,UTCL2/02-102. ^abcde"UTR#51:UnicodeEmoji".UnicodeConsortium.September18,2020. ^Apple,Inc(2005)."Map(externalversion)fromMacOSDingbatscharactersettoUnicode3.2andlater".UnicodeConsortium. ^abScherer,Markus(2008)."ARIBBroadcastSymbolsUnicodeconversionmappingtableusingICU's.ucmfileformatandrepresentingARIBcodesintheShift-JISencodingscheme".Google. ^abcdefUnicodeConsortium."EmojiSources".UnicodeCharacterDatabase. ^abcdSuignard,Michel(November6,2012)."StatusofencodingofWingdingsandWebdingsSymbols"(PDF).ISO/IECJTC1/SC2/WG2N4384,UTCL2/12-368.(Fordisplayconsistentwiththeothersourceencodings,theprefixdigitsdenotingthespecificWDingsfonthavebeenremoved,andthenumbershavebeenconvertedtohexadecimal.) ^"ProposedDraftUTR#51,UnicodeEmoji".PublicReviewIssues.UnicodeConsortium.PRI286. ^Edberg,Peter;EmojiAd-hocCommittee(January29,2015)."ZWJinemojisequencesashintforsingleglyph"(PDF).UTCL2/15-029R. ^"【絵文字対応表】生き物・星座"(PDF)(inJapanese).aubyKDDI. ^Davis,Mark;Edberg,Peter(June9,2015)."AnnexD:StandardAdditionsforUnicode8.0".UnicodeTechnicalReport#51:UnicodeEmoji.1.0.UnicodeConsortium. ^Davis,Mark;Edberg,Peter(June9,2015)."UnicodeTechnicalReport#51:UnicodeEmoji".1.0.UnicodeConsortium. ^"UnicodeEmojiSubcommittee".UnicodeConsortium.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonJune25,2015.CS1maint:unfitURL(link) ^"UnicodeEmojiSubcommittee".UnicodeConsortium. ^Davis,Mark;Edberg,Peter(May18,2017)."UnicodeTechnicalStandard#51:UnicodeEmoji".5.0.UnicodeConsortium. ^"EmojisHonouredinWorldCelebration".BBC.July17,2017.RetrievedNovember30,2017. ^Davis,Mark;Edberg,Peter(May21,2018)."1.5.2Versioning".UnicodeTechnicalStandard#51:UnicodeEmoji.11.0.UnicodeConsortium. ^"EmojiAdditions:Animals,Compatibility,andMorePopularRequests;Emojitranche5"(PDF).Unicode.RetrievedAugust18,2015. ^Warzel,Charlie."Inside'Emojigeddon':TheFightOverTheFutureoftheUnicodeConsortium".Buzzfeed.RetrievedSeptember15,2017. ^abc"Don'temojidetractfromtheotherworkoftheconsortium?".FrequentlyAskedQuestions:EmojiandPictographs.UnicodeConsortium. ^abcChupov,Sergey(June6,2019)."HowWeStoreEmojisinYourDatabase,orWhyWeGotRidoftheExtendedStringDataType".BackendlessCorporation. ^"FaceWithTearsofJoyEmoji".Emojipedia.org. ^ab"Oxfordnames'emoji'2015WordoftheYear".OxfordDictionaries.November16,2015.RetrievedJanuary20,2016. ^Waldman,Katy(November16,2015)."ThisYear'sWordoftheYearIsn'tEvenaWord😂😂😂".LexiconValley.Slate.RetrievedJuly29,2017. ^Wang,Yanan(November17,2015)."Forfirsttimeever,anemojiiscrownedOxfordDictionaries'WordoftheYear".TheWashingtonPost.RetrievedJanuary20,2016. ^ab"2015WordoftheYearissingular'they'".www.americandialect.org.AmericanDialectSociety.January8,2016.RetrievedOctober19,2017. ^"WhiteFlowerEmoji".Emojipedia.org.RetrievedJuly22,2015. ^abBromwich,Jonah(October20,2015)."HowEmojisfindtheirwaytophones".TheNewYorkTimes.RetrievedOctober19,2017. ^Collister,Lauren(April6,2015)."Emoticonsandsymbolsaren'truininglanguage–they'rerevolutionizingit".TheConversation.RetrievedMarch25,2016. ^KraljNovak,P.;Smailović,J.;Sluban,B.;Mozetič,I.(2015)."SentimentofEmojis".PLOSONE.10(12):e0144296.arXiv:1509.07761.Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1044296K.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0144296.PMC 4671607.PMID 26641093. ^"EmojiSentimentRanking".RetrievedDecember8,2015. ^abGans,Andrew(April12,2016)."NewMusicalAboutEmojisWillPremiereinLosAngeles".Playbill.RetrievedDecember23,2016. ^abCary,Stephanie(April14,2016)."'Emojiland'isbringingyourphone'semojistolifeinLA".Timeout.RetrievedDecember23,2016. ^Fleming,MikeJr.(July2015)."EmojiatCenterofBiddingBattleWonBySonyAnimation;AnthonyLeondisToDirect".Deadline.RetrievedNovember19,2015. ^Lawrence,Derek(July27,2017)."TheEmojiMovie:Here'swhatthecriticsaresaying".EntertainmentWeekly.RetrievedAugust13,2017. ^"Emojis:HowWeAssignMeaningtoTheseEver-PopularSymbols".UniversityofMichigan.May19,2017.RetrievedNovember30,2017. ^"PeopleAroundtheWorldUseTheseEmojisTheMost".Futurity.January3,2017.RetrievedNovember30,2017. ^"'Facewithtearsofjoy'isthemostpopularemoji,saysstudy".TheHindu.January12,2017. ^Danesi,Marcel(2015).TheSemioticsofEmoji.Bloomsbury.p. 139. ^"ExhibitA: ;-)".Slate.October16,2015.RetrievedNovember30,2017. ^Bennett,Jessica(July25,2014)."TheEmojiHaveWontheBattleofWords".TheNewYorkTimes.ISSN 0362-4331.RetrievedFebruary28,2017. ^"TheEmojiistheBirthofaNewTypeofLanguage(?NoJoke)".Wired.April19,2016.RetrievedNovember30,2017. ^"SnapchatEmojiMeanings".ArchivedfromtheoriginalonAugust15,2018.RetrievedFebruary28,2017. ^"EmojiRecentlyAdded,v12.0".www.unicode.org.RetrievedNovember16,2020. ^abGharib,Malaka(February8,2019)."WhyPeriodActivistsThinkThe'DropOfBlood'EmojiIsAHugeWin".NPR.RetrievedFebruary11,2019. ^Desmon,Stephanie(September18,2017)."CreatingBuzz:ProposingaMosquitoEmojiforPublicHealth".JohnsHopkinsCenterforCommunicationPrograms.RetrievedFebruary11,2019. ^Larson,Selena(April11,2016)."Emojicanleadtohugemisunderstandings,researchfinds".DailyDot.RetrievedMarch30,2017. ^Miller,Hannah(April5,2016)."InvestigatingthePotentialforMiscommunicationUsingEmoji".Grouplens.RetrievedMarch30,2017. ^"WhattheEmojiYou'reSendingActuallyLookLiketoYourFriends".Motherboard.November12,2015.RetrievedNovember30,2017. ^"Chinesepeoplemeansomethingverydifferentwhentheysendyouasmileyemoji".Quartz.March29,2017. ^"EmojipediaLookupsAtAllTimeHigh".April15,2020.RetrievedMay9,2020. ^Allsopp,Ashleigh(December15,2014)."Lostintranslation:AndroidemojivsiOSemoji".TechAdvisor.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonDecember28,2014.RetrievedAugust15,2015. ^Varn,Kathryn(July17,2015)."LettingOurEmojisGetintheWay".TheNewYorkTimes.RetrievedAugust25,2015. ^"Calendaremoji".Emojipedia.RetrievedAugust15,2015. ^Bosker,Bianca(June27,2014)."HowEmojiGetLostinTranslation".HuffingtonPost.RetrievedAugust15,2015. ^Hern,Alex(August12,2015)."Howto(pretendto)beyounganddownwiththeinternet".TheGuardian.RetrievedAugust15,2015. ^Jewell,Hannah(December13,2014)."The31MostNailCareEmojiMomentsof2014".Buzzfeed.RetrievedAugust15,2015. ^Abad-Santos,Alexander;Jones,Allie(March26,2014)."TheFiveNon-NegotiableBestEmojisintheLand".TheAtlanticWire.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonAugust20,2016.RetrievedAugust15,2015. ^"MiscellaneousSymbolsandPictographs".UnicodeConsortium.RetrievedSeptember15,2017. ^abcKelly,Heather(August2,2017)."Applereplacesthepistolemojiwithawatergun".CNNTech.RetrievedOctober19,2017. ^Ziv,Stan(October20,2015)."NewEmojiCandidatestoBeVotedOninSpring2016".Newsweek.RetrievedOctober1,2018. ^"Unicode9.0EmojiList".Emojipedia.October31,2015.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonOctober31,2015.RetrievedOctober1,2018.CS1maint:unfitURL(link) ^abWarzel,Charlie(June17,2016)."ThanksToApple'sInfluence,You'reNotGettingARifleEmoji".BuzzFeed.RetrievedOctober19,2017. ^"ApplestopsUnicodefromreleasingarifleemoji,gunadvocatesgetmad".CBCNews.June22,2016.RetrievedOctober19,2017. ^abLow,Cherlynn(August4,2016)."Microsoftjustchangeditstoygunemojitoarealpistol".Engadget.RetrievedOctober19,2017. ^"AllMajorVendorsCommittoGunRedesign".Emojipedia.April27,2018.RetrievedMay13,2018. ^Baraniuk,Chris(August5,2016)."Appleurgedtorethinkgunemojichange".BBCNewsOnline.RetrievedJuly22,2020. ^Price,Rob(August2,2016)."There'sahugeproblemwithApple'splantocombatgunviolencebychanginganemoji".Insider.RetrievedJuly22,2020. ^abcHess,Amanda(April3,2015)."Eggplantrising:Howthepurplefruitsurpassedthebananaasthemostphallicfood".Slate.RetrievedOctober19,2017. ^abcHofmann,Regan(June3,2015)."TheComplete(andSometimesSordid)HistoryoftheEggplantEmoji".FirstWeFeast.RetrievedOctober19,2017. ^Goldman,David(April29,2015)."Instagramblocks'offensive'eggplantemojihashtag".CNNTech.RetrievedOctober19,2017. ^Azhar,Hamdan(December16,2016)."HowWeReallyUseThePeach".Emojipedia.RetrievedJuly7,2018. ^Kircher,Madison(December16,2016)."VeryOfficialStudyFindsPeachEmojiMostOftenPairedWithEggplant".Emojipedia.RetrievedJuly7,2018. ^Bhunjun,Avinash(January18,2018)."Whatdotheaubergineandpeachemojimean?".MetroUK.RetrievedJuly7,2018. ^Hern,Alex(November16,2016)."Everything'speachyasApplerestoresemoji's'bum'features".TheGuardian.RetrievedDecember20,2017. ^"LawyerdemandsWhatsAppgetsridofthe'lewd'middlefingeremoji".Metro.December27,2017.RetrievedDecember28,2017. ^"AppleiOS5.1".Emojipedia. ^"AppleiPhoneOS2.2".Emojipedia. ^Everson,Michael;McGowan,Rick;Whistler,Ken;Umamaheswaran,V.S.(July22,2020)."RoadmaptotheSMP".Revision13.0.3. ^Lunde,Ken(2009).CJKVInformationProcessing(2nd ed.).SebastopolCA.:O'ReillyMedia.p. 200.ISBN 978-0-596-51447-1. ^Microsoft(May31,2018)."ColorFonts".MicrosoftDocs. ^"What'sinsidecolorfonts?".ColorFonts-Getreadyfortherevolution!. ^"ApplereleasesiPhoneSoftwarev2.2".AppleInsider.RetrievedFebruary28,2017. ^"StandardEmojikeyboardarrivestoiOS5,here'showtoenableit".9to5Mac.June8,2011.RetrievedFebruary28,2017. ^"AppleSays'FaceWithTearsofJoy'isMostPopularEmojiinUnitedStatesAmongEnglishSpeakers".RetrievedNovember3,2017. ^"😃EmojiPeopleandSmileysMeanings".emojipedia.org.RetrievedNovember3,2017. ^"AnupdatefortheSegoeUIsymbolfontinWindows7andinWindowsServer2008R2isavailable".MicrosoftSupport. ^Burge,Jeremy(October2,2017)."FacebookDiscontinuesMessengerEmojis".Emojipedia. ^"UCD:StandardizedVariationSequences".UnicodeConsortium.RetrievedAugust17,2016. ^ab"UCD:EmojiDataforUTR#51".UnicodeConsortium.August26,2021. ^"EmojiZWJSequencesCatalog".UnicodeConsortium.June14,2016. ^Addey,Dave(February11,2014)."Moon".TypesetintheFuture.RetrievedAugust23,2017. ^ChristopherShea(March2014)."TextMe,Ishmael:ReadingMobyDickinEmoji".SmithsonianMagazine.RetrievedAugust23,2017. ^Hollander,Jenny(November19,2013)."EmojiDick:MobyDick,TranslatedIntoEmojiIcons.ThisExists".Bustle.RetrievedAugust23,2017. ^BWWNewsDesk(August7,2015)."EMOJILAND:THEMUSICALPlaysRockwellTable&Stage".BroadwayWorld.RetrievedDecember23,2016. ^BWWNewsDesk(October15,2015)."EMOJILANDPremieresTwoAdditionalSongsatRockwellLA".BroadwayWorld.RetrievedDecember23,2016. ^"TheseEmojiAreNowPartofMoMA'sPermanentCollection".Mashable.October26,2016.RetrievedAugust23,2017. ^Steinmetz,Katy(November6,2016).WrittenatSanFrancisco."WhatIt'sLikeInsidetheWorld'sFirstEmojiConvention".Time.NewYorkCity.RetrievedJuly18,2020. ^DeAngelo,Daniel(June14,2017)."TheFace-palmingFinaleof'SamuraiJack'".StudyBreaks.RetrievedJuly7,2017. ^Mulkern,Patrick."DoctorWhoSmilereview:'Agrieftsunami!It'satoughonetosellandI'mnotbuyingit'".RadioTimes.RetrievedApril23,2017. ^Perry,Spencer(December22,2015)."EmojiMovie,AnimatedSpider-ManandPeterRabbitGetReleaseDates".ComingSoon.net.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonDecember23,2015.RetrievedDecember23,2015. ^Cowen,TraceWilliam(August30,2021)."Drake's'CertifiedLoverBoy'CoverArtFeaturingPregnantEmojiHasEveryoneScratchingTheirHeads".Complex.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonAugust30,2021.RetrievedAugust30,2021. ^Ahlgrim,Callie(August30,2021)."Drake'snewalbumartoddlyfeatures12pregnantwomenasemojis,andeveryonefromLilNasXtohisfansaremakingfunofit".Insider.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonSeptember4,2021.RetrievedAugust31,2021. Furtherreading Pardes,Arielle(February1,2018)."TheWIREDGuidetoEmoji".Wired.ISSN 1059-1028. Externallinks EmojiatWikipedia'ssisterprojectsDefinitionsfromWiktionaryMediafromWikimediaCommonsTextbooksfromWikibooksResourcesfromWikiversityDatafromWikidata UnicodeTechnicalReport#51:Unicodeemoji TheUnicodeFAQ–Emoji&Dingbats EmojiSymbols –theoriginalproposalsforencodingofEmojisymbolsasUnicodecharacters BackgrounddataforUnicodeproposal emojitracker–listofmostpopularlyusedemojiontheTwitterplatform;updatedinreal-time vteEmojiUnicodebackground UnicodeStandard Blocks Dingbats Emoticons MiscellaneousSymbols MiscellaneousSymbolsandPictographs SupplementalSymbolsandPictographs TransportandMapSymbols CharacterSet Consortium RegionalIndicatorSymbol Relatedpeople JeremyBurge MarkDavis MichaelEverson ShigetakaKurita JoshGare Typefaces AppleColor Noto Quivira SegoeUI Notableemoji FacewithTearsofJoy(😂) PileofPoo(💩) Culturalinfluence Emogenius Emojidomain TheEmojiMovie Emojipedia Emojli Smile(DoctorWho) WorldEmojiDay vteInternetslangAbuse Creepytreehouse Cyberbullying Cyberstalking Doxing Flaming Griefer Hacker Keylogger LittlePink Malware Sealioning Phishing Scriptkiddie Shitposting Shadowbanning Spamming Tankie Troll Chatspeak Emoticon UwU Emoji Hodl Leet Owned Pr0n Pwn Teh w00t Fap LOL NSFW Padonkaffskyjargon Sexting Imageboard 4chan Anonymous -chan CP Clop goatse.cx Lolcat Lurk Newbie ORLY? OP Pedobear Rickrolling Rule34 Rule63 Tripcode Weeaboo Yiff Memes Advertisingandproducts Animationandcomics Challenges Email Film Gaming Images Music Politics Videos Miscellaneous Usenet EternalSeptember PKB Category Portal Wiktionary vteTypesofwritingsystemsOverview Historyofwriting Grapheme Lists Writingsystems undeciphered inventors constructed Languagesbywritingsystem/byfirstwrittenaccounts TypesAbjads Numerals Aramaic Hatran Arabic Egyptianhieroglyphs Hebrew Ashuri Cursive Rashi Solitreo Tifinagh Mandaic Manichaean Nabataean OldNorthArabian Pahlavi Pegon Phoenician Paleo-Hebrew Pitmanshorthand Proto-Sinaitic PsalterPahlavi Punic Samaritan SouthArabian Zabur Musnad Sogdian Syriac ʾEsṭrangēlā Serṭā Maḏnḥāyā TeelineShorthand Ugaritic AbugidasBrahmicNorthern Assamese Bengali Bhaiksuki Bhujimol Brāhmī Devanāgarī Dogri Gujarati Gupta Gurmukhī Kaithi Kalinga Khojki Khudabadi Laṇḍā Lepcha Limbu Mahajani Meitei Modi Multani Nagari Nandinagari Odia Karani ʼPhags-pa Pracalit(Newar) Ranjana Sharada Siddhaṃ Soyombo SylhetiNagri Takri Tibetan Uchen Umê Tirhuta Tocharian ZanabazarSquare Marchen Marchung Pungs-chen Pungs-chung Drusha Southern Ahom Balinese Batak Baybayin Bhattiprolu Buda Buhid Burmese Chakma Cham Fakkham Grantha Goykanadi Hanunuo(Hanunó'o) Javanese Kadamba Kannada Karen Kawi Khmer KhomThai Kulitan Lanna Lao Leke Lampung Lontara Bilang-bilang Makasar Malayalam OldMaldivian DhivesAkuru EveylaAkuru Mon OldMon NewTaiLue Pallava Pyu Rejang Rencong Saurashtra Shan Sinhala Sukhothai Sundanese OldSundanese Tagbanwa TaiLe TaiNoi TaiTham TaiViet Tamil Tamil-Brahmi Tanchangya Telugu Thai Tigalari Vatteluttu Kolezhuthu Malayanma Others Boyd'ssyllabicshorthand Canadiansyllabics Blackfoot Dénésyllabics FoxI Geʽez GunjalaGondi JapaneseBraille Jenticha Kharosthi Mandombe MasaramGondi Meroitic Miao Mwangwego PahawhHmong SorangSompeng Thaana ThomasNaturalShorthand WarangCiti AlphabetsLinear Adlam Armenian Avestan Avoiuli BassaVah Borama Carian CaucasianAlbanian Coelbren Coorgi–Coxalphabet Coptic Cyrillic Early Deseret Duployanshorthand Chinookwriting Eclecticshorthand Elbasan Etruscan Evenki FoxII Fraser Gabelsbergershorthand Garay Georgian Asomtavruli Nuskhuri Mkhedruli Glagolitic Gothic Greggshorthand Greek Greco-Iberianalphabet Hangul Hanifi Jenticha Kaddare KayahLi Klingon Latin Beneventan Blackletter Carolingianminuscule Fraktur Gaelic Insular IPA Kurrent Merovingian Sigla Sütterlin Tironiannotes Visigothic Luo Lycian Lydian Manchu Medefaidrin Molodtsov Mongolian Mru Neo-Tifinagh N'Ko Ogham Oirat OlChiki OldHungarian OldItalic OldPermic Orkhon OldUyghur Osage Osmanya PauCinHau Runic Anglo-Saxon Cipher Dalecarlian ElderFuthark YoungerFuthark Gothic Marcomannic Medieval Staveless Sidetic Shavian SorangSompeng Tifinagh TolongSiki Vagindra VisibleSpeech Vithkuqi Wancho WarangCiti Zaghawa Non-linear Braille Maritimeflags Telegraphcode NewYorkPoint Flagsemaphore Moontype Ideogramsandpictograms Adinkra Aztec Blissymbol Dongba ErsuShaba Emoji IConji Isotype Kaidā Miꞌkmaw Mixtec NewEpochNotationPainting Nsibidi OjibweHieroglyphs Olmec Siglaspoveiras Testerian Yerkish Zapotec LogogramsChinesefamilyofscriptsChineseCharacters Simplified Traditional Oraclebonescript BronzeScript SealScript large small bird-worm Hanja Idu Kanji ChữNôm Zhuang Chinese-influenced Jurchen Khitanlargescript Sui Tangut Cuneiform Akkadian Assyrian Elamite Hittite Luwian Sumerian Otherlogo-syllabic Anatolian Bagam Cretan Isthmian Maya Proto-Elamite Yi(Classical) Logo-consonantal Demotic Hieratic Hieroglyphs Numerals Hindu-Arabic Abjad Attic(Greek) Muisca Roman Semi-syllabariesFull Celtiberian NortheasternIberian SoutheasternIberian Khom Redundant Espanca PahawhHmong Khitansmallscript SouthwestPaleohispanic Zhuyinfuhao Signlanguages ASLwrite SignWriting si5s StokoeNotation Syllabaries Afaka Bamum Bété Byblos CanadianAboriginal Cherokee Cypriot Cypro-Minoan DitematsaDinoko Eskayan Geba GreatLakesAlgonquian Iban Idu Japanese Hiragana Katakana Man'yōgana Hentaigana Sōgana Jindaimoji Kikakui Kpelle LinearB LinearElamite Lisu Loma Nüshu NwaguAnekescript OldPersianCuneiform Sumerian Vai Woleai Yi(Modern) Yugtun vteBraille ⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑Braillecell 1829braille Internationaluniformity ASCIIbraille Unicodebraillepatterns BraillescriptsFrench-ordered Albanian Azerbaijani Cantonese Catalan Chinese(mainlandMandarin)(largelyreassigned) Czech Dutch English(UnifiedEnglish) Esperanto French German Ghanaian Guarani Hawaiian Hungarian Iñupiaq IPA Irish Italian Latvian Lithuanian Luxembourgish(extendedto8-dots) Maltese Māori Navajo Nigerian Philippine Polish Portuguese Romanian Samoan Slovak SouthAfrican Spanish TaiwaneseMandarin(largelyreassigned) Turkish Vietnamese Welsh Yugoslav Zambian Nordicfamily Estonian Faroese Icelandic NorthernSami Scandinavian Danish Finnish Greenlandic Norwegian Swedish Russianlineagefamilyi.e.Cyrillic-mediatedscripts Belarusian Bulgarian Kazakh Kyrgyz Mongolian Russian Tatar Ukrainian Egyptianlineagefamilyi.e.Arabic-mediatedscripts Arabic Persian Urdu(Pakistan) Indianlineagefamilyi.e.BharatiBraille Devanagari(Hindi/Marathi/Nepali) Bengali(Bangla/Assamese) Gujarati Kannada Malayalam Odia Punjabi Sinhala Tamil Telugu Urdu(India) Otherscripts Amharic Armenian Burmese Dzongkha(Bhutanese) Georgian Greek Hebrew Inuktitut(reassignedvowels) Khmer ThaiandLao(Japanesevowels) Tibetan Reordered AlgerianBraille(obsolete) Frequency-based AmericanBraille(obsolete) Independent Chinesesemi-syllabaries Cantonese MainlandChineseMandarin TaiwaneseMandarin Two-cellChinese(Shuangpin) Japanese Korean Eight-dot Luxembourgish Kanji Gardner–Salinasbraillecodes(GS8) Symbolsinbraille Braillemusic Canadiancurrencymarks ComputerBrailleCode Gardner–Salinasbraillecodes(science;GS8/GS6) InternationalPhoneticAlphabet(IPA) Nemethbraillecode Brailletechnology Braillee-book Brailleembosser Brailletranslator Braillewatch MountbattenBrailler Opticalbraillerecognition Perforation PerkinsBrailler Refreshablebrailledisplay Slateandstylus Braigo Persons LouisBraille CharlesBarbier ValentinHaüy ThakurVishvaNarainSingh SabriyeTenberken WilliamBellWait Organisations BrailleInstituteofAmerica BrailleWithoutBorders JapanBrailleLibrary NationalBrailleAssociation Blindnessorganizations Schoolsfortheblind AmericanPrintingHousefortheBlind Othertactilealphabets Decapoint Moontype NewYorkPoint Nightwriting Vibratese Relatedtopics Accessiblepublishing Brailleliteracy RoboBraille vteElectronicwritingsystems Emoticons Emoji Kaomoji iConji Unicode vteInternetslangvariants 3arabizi Alay(Indonesia) Denglisch Doge DoggoLingo Fingilish(Persian) Greeklish Gyaru-moji(Japan) Jejemon(Philippines) Leet("1337") Lolspeak/LOLspeak/Kitteh Martianlanguage(Chinese) Miguxês(Portuguese) Padonkaffskyjargon(Russian) Pseudo-Chinese Translit Volapuk SeealsoEnglishinternetslang(atWiktionary) SMSlanguage 1990sportalInternetportalJapanportalTechnologyportalWritingportal Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emoji&oldid=1055409914" Categories:EmojiComputer-relatedintroductionsin1997ComputericonsInternetcultureInternetslangJapaneseinventionsJapanesewritingsystemtermsJapanesewritingsystemOnlinechatPictogramsHiddencategories:CS1French-languagesources(fr)CS1Japanese-languagesources(ja)CS1maint:unfitURLCS1locationtestArticleswithshortdescriptionShortdescriptionisdifferentfromWikidataWikipediaindefinitelysemi-protectedpagesUsemdydatesfromJune2018ArticlescontainingJapanese-languagetextWikipediaarticlesneedingclarificationfromSeptember2020ArticlescontainingpotentiallydatedstatementsfromJuly2017AllarticlescontainingpotentiallydatedstatementsPagesusingmultipleimagewithautoscaledimagesAllarticleslackingreliablereferencesArticleslackingreliablereferencesfromJuly2020AllarticleswithunsourcedstatementsArticleswithunsourcedstatementsfromSeptember2017PagesusingSisterprojectlinkswithwikidatanamespacemismatchPagesusingSisterprojectlinkswithhiddenwikidata Navigationmenu Personaltools NotloggedinTalkContributionsCreateaccountLogin Namespaces ArticleTalk Variants expanded collapsed Views ReadViewsourceViewhistory More expanded collapsed Search Navigation MainpageContentsCurrenteventsRandomarticleAboutWikipediaContactusDonate Contribute HelpLearntoeditCommunityportalRecentchangesUploadfile Tools WhatlinkshereRelatedchangesUploadfileSpecialpagesPermanentlinkPageinformationCitethispageWikidataitem Print/export DownloadasPDFPrintableversion Inotherprojects WikimediaCommons Languages العربيةঅসমীয়াAsturianuBasaBaliবাংলাभोजपुरीБългарскиCatalàČeštinaCymraegDanskDeutschΕλληνικάEspañolEsperantoEuskaraفارسیFrançaisGaeilge한국어ՀայերենHrvatskiBahasaIndonesiaÍslenskaItalianoעבריתКыргызчаLombardMagyarМакедонскиമലയാളംمصرىBahasaMelayuꯃꯤꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟမြန်မာဘာသာNederlands日本語NorskbokmålOccitanپنجابیPolskiPortuguêsRomânăРусскийСахатылаSimpleEnglishSlovenščinaکوردیСрпски/srpskiSuomiSvenskaТатарча/tatarçaతెలుగుไทยTürkçeУкраїнськаاردوTiếngViệt吴语中文 Editlinks