Fast Ethernet - Wikipedia

Fast Ethernet was introduced in 1995 as the IEEE 802.3u standard and remained the fastest version of Ethernet for three years before the introduction of Gigabit ... FastEthernet FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch Ethernetstandardsthatcarrytrafficatthenominalrateof100Mbit/s IntelPRO/100FastEthernetNIC,aPCIcard Incomputernetworking,FastEthernetphysicallayerscarrytrafficatthenominalrateof100 Mbit/s.ThepriorEthernetspeedwas10 Mbit/s.OftheFastEthernetphysicallayers,100BASE-TXisbyfarthemostcommon. FastEthernetwasintroducedin1995astheIEEE802.3ustandard[1]andremainedthefastestversionofEthernetforthreeyearsbeforetheintroductionofGigabitEthernet.[2]TheacronymGE/FEissometimesusedfordevicessupportingbothstandards.[3] Contents 1Nomenclature 2Generaldesign 3Copper 3.1100BASE-TX 3.2100BASE-T1 3.3100BASE-T2 3.4100BASE-T4 3.5100BaseVG 4Fiberoptics 4.1FastEthernetSFPports 4.2Opticalinteroperability 4.3100BASE-FX 4.4100BASE-LFX 4.5100BASE-SX 4.6100BASE-LX10 4.7100BASE-BX10 4.8100BASE-EX 4.9100BASE-ZX 5Seealso 6Notes 7References 8Externallinks Nomenclature[edit] The"100"inthemediatypedesignationreferstothetransmissionspeedof100 Mbit/s,whilethe"BASE"referstobasebandsignaling.Theletterfollowingthedash("T"or"F")referstothephysicalmediumthatcarriesthesignal(twistedpairorfiber,respectively),whilethelastcharacter("X","4",etc.)referstothelinecodemethodused.FastEthernetissometimesreferredtoas100BASE-X,where"X"isaplaceholderfortheFXandTXvariants.[4] Generaldesign[edit] FastEthernetisanextensionofthe10-megabitEthernetstandard.Itrunsontwistedpairoropticalfibercableinastarwiredbustopology,similartotheIEEEstandard802.3icalled10BASE-T,itselfanevolutionof10BASE5(802.3)and10BASE2(802.3a).FastEthernetdevicesaregenerallybackwardcompatiblewithexisting10BASE-Tsystems,enablingplug-and-playupgradesfrom10BASE-T.MostswitchesandothernetworkingdeviceswithportscapableofFastEthernetcanperformautonegotiation,sensingapieceof10BASE-Tequipmentandsettingtheportto10BASE-Thalfduplexifthe10BASE-Tequipmentcannotperformautonegotiationitself.ThestandardspecifiestheuseofCSMA/CDformediaaccesscontrol.Afull-duplexmodeisalsospecifiedandinpractice,allmodernnetworksuseEthernetswitchesandoperateinfull-duplexmode,evenaslegacydevicesthatusehalfduplexstillexist. AFastEthernetadaptercanbelogicallydividedintoamediaaccesscontroller(MAC),whichdealswiththehigher-levelissuesofmediumavailability,andaphysicallayerinterface(PHY).TheMACistypicallylinkedtothePHYbyafour-bit25 MHzsynchronousparallelinterfaceknownasamedia-independentinterface(MII),orbyatwo-bit50 MHzvariantcalledreducedmediaindependentinterface(RMII).Inrarecases,theMIImaybeanexternalconnectionbutisusuallyaconnectionbetweenICsinanetworkadapteroreventwosectionswithinasingleIC.ThespecsarewrittenbasedontheassumptionthattheinterfacebetweenMACandPHYwillbeanMIIbuttheydonotrequireit.FastEthernetorEthernethubsmayusetheMIItoconnecttomultiplePHYsfortheirdifferentinterfaces. TheMIIfixesthetheoreticalmaximumdatabitrateforallversionsofFastEthernetto100 Mbit/s.Theinformationrateactuallyobservedonrealnetworksislessthanthetheoreticalmaximum,duetothenecessaryheaderandtrailer(addressinganderror-detectionbits)oneveryEthernetframe,andtherequiredinterpacketgapbetweentransmissions. Copper[edit] 100BASE-TisanyofseveralFastEthernetstandardsfortwistedpaircables,[dubious–discuss]including:100BASE-TX(100 Mbit/sovertwo-pairCat5orbettercable),100BASE-T4(100 Mbit/soverfour-pairCat3orbettercable,defunct),100BASE-T2(100 Mbit/sovertwo-pairCat3orbettercable,alsodefunct).Thesegmentlengthfora100BASE-Tcableislimitedto100metres(328 ft)(thesamelimitas10BASE-TandgigabitEthernet).AllareorwerestandardsunderIEEE802.3(approved1995).Almostall100BASE-Tinstallationsare100BASE-TX. Comparisonoftwisted-pair-basedEthernetphysicaltransportlayers(TP-PHYs)[5] Name Standard Status Speed(Mbit/s) Pairsrequired Lanesperdirection Bitsperhertz Linecode Symbolrateperlane(MBd) Bandwidth Maxdistance(m) Cable Cablerating(MHz) Usage 100BASE-TX 802.3u-1995 current 100 2 1 3.2 4B5BMLT-3NRZ-I 125 31.25 100 Cat 5 100 LAN 100BASE-T1 802.3bw-2015(CL96) current 100 1 1 2.66 PAM-34B/3B 75 37.5 15 Cat 5e 100 Automotive,IoT,M2M 100BASE-T2 802.3y-1997 obsolete 100 2 2 4 LFSRPAM-5 25 12.5 100 Cat 3 16 Marketfailure 100BASE-T4 802.3u-1995 obsolete 100 4 3 2.66 8B6TPAM-3Half-duplexonly 25 12.5 100 Cat 3 16 Marketfailure 100BaseVG 802.12-1995 obsolete 100 4 4 1.66 5B6BHalf-duplexonly 30 15 100 Cat 3 16 Marketfailure 8P8Cwiring(ANSI/TIA-568T568B) Pin Pair Wire Color 1 2 +/tip white/orange 2 2 −/ring orange 3 3 +/tip white/green 4 1 −/ring blue 5 1 +/tip white/blue 6 3 −/ring green 7 4 +/tip white/brown 8 4 −/ring brown 100BASE-TX[edit] 3Com3C905B-TX100BASE-TXPCInetworkinterfacecard 100BASE-TXisthepredominantformofFastEthernet,andrunsovertwowire-pairsinsideacategory5orabovecable.Eachnetworksegmentcanhaveamaximumcablingdistanceof100metres(328 ft).Onepairisusedforeachdirection,providingfull-duplexoperationwith100 Mbit/softhroughputineachdirection. Like10BASE-T,theactivepairsinastandardconnectionareterminatedonpins1,2,3and6.Sinceatypicalcategory5cablecontains4pairs,itcansupporttwo100BASE-TXlinkswithawiringadaptor.[6]CablingisconventionalwiredtoANSI/TIA-568'sterminationstandards,T568AorT568B.Thisplacestheactivepairsontheorangeandgreenpairs(canonicalsecondandthirdpairs). Theconfigurationof100BASE-TXnetworksisverysimilarto10BASE-T.Whenusedtobuildalocalareanetwork,thedevicesonthenetwork(computers,printersetc.)aretypicallyconnectedtoahuborswitch,creatingastarnetwork.Alternatively,itispossibletoconnecttwodevicesdirectlyusingacrossovercable.Withtoday'sequipment,crossovercablesaregenerallynotneededasmostequipmentsupportsauto-negotiationalongwithautoMDI-Xtoselectandmatchspeed,duplexandpairing. With100BASE-TXhardware,therawbits,presented4bitswideclockedat25 MHzattheMII,gothrough4B5Bbinaryencodingtogenerateaseriesof0and1symbolsclockedata125 MHzsymbolrate.The4B5BencodingprovidesDCequalizationandspectrumshaping.Justasinthe100BASE-FXcase,thebitsarethentransferredtothephysicalmediumattachmentlayerusingNRZIencoding.However,100BASE-TXintroducesanadditional,medium-dependentsublayer,whichemploysMLT-3asafinalencodingofthedatastreambeforetransmission,resultinginamaximumfundamentalfrequencyof31.25 MHz.TheprocedureisborrowedfromtheANSIX3.263FDDIspecifications,withminorchanges.[7] 100BASE-T1[edit] Forbroadercoverageofthistopic,seeEthernetovertwistedpair§ Single-pair. In100BASE-T1[8]thedataistransmittedoverasinglecopperpair,3bitspersymbol,eachtransmittedascodepairusingPAM3.Itsupportsfull-duplextransmission.Thetwisted-paircableisrequiredtosupport66 MHz,withamaximumlengthof15 m.Nospecificconnectorisdefined.ThestandardisintendedforautomotiveapplicationsorwhenFastEthernetistobeintegratedintoanotherapplication.ItwasdevelopedasBroadR-ReachbeforeIEEEstandardization.[9] 100BASE-T2[edit] 100BASE-T2symbolstoPAM-5linemodulationlevelmapping Symbol Linesignallevel 000 0 001 +1 010 −1 011 −2 100(ESC) +2 In100BASE-T2,standardizedinIEEE802.3y,thedataistransmittedovertwocopperpairs,butthesepairsareonlyrequiredtobecategory3ratherthanthecategory5requiredby100BASE-TX.Dataistransmittedandreceivedonbothpairssimultaneously[10]thusallowingfull-duplexoperation.Transmissionuses4bitspersymbol.The4-bitsymbolisexpandedintotwo3-bitsymbolsthroughanon-trivialscramblingprocedurebasedonalinear-feedbackshiftregister.[11]Thisisneededtoflattenthebandwidthandemissionspectrumofthesignal,aswellastomatchtransmissionlineproperties.Themappingoftheoriginalbitstothesymbolcodesisnotconstantintimeandhasafairlylargeperiod(appearingasapseudo-randomsequence).ThefinalmappingfromsymbolstoPAM-5linemodulationlevelsobeysthetableontheright.100BASE-T2wasnotwidelyadoptedbutthetechnologydevelopedforitisusedin1000BASE-T.[5] 100BASE-T4[edit] 100BASE-T4wasanearlyimplementationofFastEthernet.Itrequiresfourtwistedcopperpairsofvoicegradetwistedpair,alower-performingcablecomparedtocategory5cableusedby100BASE-TX.Maximumdistanceislimitedto100meters.Onepairisreservedfortransmit,oneforreceive,andtheremainingtwoswitchdirection.Thefactthat3pairsareusedtotransmitineachdirectionmakes100BASE-T4inherentlyhalf-duplex. Averyunusual8B6Tcodeisusedtoconvert8databitsinto6base-3digits(thesignalshapingispossibleastherearenearlythreetimesasmany6-digitbase-3numbersasthereare8-digitbase-2numbers).Thetworesulting3-digitbase-3symbolsaresentinparallelover3pairsusing3-levelpulse-amplitudemodulation(PAM-3). 100BASE-T4wasnotwidelyadoptedbutsomeofthetechnologydevelopedforitisusedin1000BASE-T.[5] 100BaseVG[edit] Mainarticle:100BaseVG ProposedandmarketedbyHewlettPackard,100BaseVGwasanalternativedesignusingcategory3cablingandatokenconceptinsteadofCSMA/CD.ItwasslatedforstandardizationasIEEE802.12butitquicklyvanishedwhenswitched100BASE-TXbecamepopular. Fiberoptics[edit] Legendforfibre-basedTP-PHYs[5] MMFFDDI62.5/125 µm(1987) MMFOM162.5/125 µm(1989) MMFOM250/125 µm(1998) MMFOM350/125 µm(2003) MMFOM450/125 µm(2008) MMFOM550/125 µm(2016) SMFOS19/125 µm(1998) SMFOS29/125 µm(2000) 160 MHz·km@850 nm 200 MHz·km@850 nm 500 MHz·km@850 nm 1500 MHz·km@850 nm 3500 MHz·km@850 nm 3500 MHz·km@850 nm&1850 MHz·km@950 nm 1 dB/km@1300/1550 nm 0.4 dB/km@1300/1550 nm Name Standard Status Media Connector TransceiverModule Reachinm #Media(⇆) #Lambdas(→) #Lanes(→) Notes FastEthernet-(Datarate:100 Mbit/s-Linecode:4B5B×NRZ-I-Linerate:125 MBd-Full-Duplex/Half-Duplex) 100BASE‑FX 802.3u-1995(CL24/26) current Fibre1300 nm STSCMT-RJMIC(FDDI) — FDDI:2k(FDX) 2 1 1 max.412 mforhalf-duplexconnectionstoensurecollisiondetection;specificationlargelyderivedfromFDDI.Modalbandwidth:800 MHz·km[12][13] OM1:4k 50/125:5k 100BASE‑LFX proprietary(nonIEEE) current Fibre1310 nm LC(SFP)STSC SFP OM1:2k 2 1 1 vendor-specificFPlasertransmitterFull-duplexModalbandwidth:800 MHz·km[14] OM2:2k 62.5/125:4k 50/125:4k OSx:40k[13] 100BASE-SX TIA-785(2000) legacy Fibre850 nm STSCLC — OM1:300 2 1 1 opticssharablewith10BASE-FL,thusmakingitpossibletohaveanauto-negotiationschemeanduse10/100fiberadapters. OM2:300 100BASE-LX10 802.3ah-2004(CL58) phase-out Fibre1310 nm LC SFP OSx:10k 2 1 1 full-duplexonly 100BASE-BX10 phase-out FibreTX:1310 nmRX:1550 nm OSx:40k 1 full-duplexonly;opticalmultiplexerusedtosplitTXandRXsignalsintodifferentwavelengths. FastEthernetSFPports[edit] FastEthernetspeedisnotavailableonallSFPports,[15]butsupportedbysomedevices.[16][17]AnSFPportforGigabitEthernetshouldnotbeassumedtobebackwardscompatiblewithFastEthernet. Opticalinteroperability[edit] Tohaveinteroperablethereissomecriteriathathavetobemeet:[18] Lineencoding Wavelength[a] Duplexmode Mediacount Mediatypeanddimension 100BASE-XEthernetisnotbackwardcompatiblewith10BASE-Fandisnotforwardcompatiblewith1000BASE-X. 100BASE-FX[edit] 100BASE-FXisaversionofFastEthernetoveropticalfiber.The100BASE-FXphysicalmediumdependent(PMD)sublayerisdefinedbyFDDI'sPMD,[20]so100BASE-FXisnotcompatiblewith10BASE-FL,the10 Mbit/sversionoveropticalfiber. 100BASE-FXisstillusedforexistinginstallationofmultimodefiberwheremorespeedisnotrequired,likeindustrialautomationplants.[13] 100BASE-LFX[edit] 100BASE-LFXisanon-standardtermtorefertoFastEthernettransmission.Itisverysimilarto100BASE-FXbutachieveslongerdistancesupto4-5 kmoverapairofmulti-modefibersthroughtheuseofFabry–Pérotlasertransmitter[21]runningon1310 nmwavelength.Thesignalattenuationperkmat1300 nmisabouthalfthelossof850nm.[22][23] 100BASE-SX[edit] 100BASE-SXisaversionofFastEthernetoveropticalfiberstandardizedinTIA/EIA-785-1-2002.Itisalower-cost,shorter-distancealternativeto100BASE-FX.Becauseoftheshorterwavelengthused(850 nm)andtheshorterdistancesupported,100BASE-SXuseslessexpensiveopticalcomponents(LEDsinsteadoflasers). Becauseitusesthesamewavelengthas10BASE-FL,the10 Mbit/sversionofEthernetoveropticalfiber,100BASE-SXcanbebackward-compatiblewith10BASE-FL.Costandcompatibilitymakes100BASE-SXanattractiveoptionforthoseupgradingfrom10BASE-FLandthosewhodonotrequirelongdistances. 100BASE-LX10[edit] 100BASE-LX10isaversionofFastEthernetoveropticalfiberstandardizedin802.3ah-2004clause58.Ithasa10 kmreachoverapairofsingle-modefibers. 100BASE-BX10[edit] 100BASE-BX10isaversionofFastEthernetoveropticalfiberstandardizedin802.3ah-2004clause58.ItusesanopticalmultiplexertosplitTXandRXsignalsintodifferentwavelengthsonthesamefiber.Ithasa10 kmreachoverasinglestrandofsingle-modefiber. 100BASE-EX[edit] 100BASE-EXisverysimilarto100BASE-LX10butachieveslongerdistancesupto40 kmoverapairofsingle-modefibersduetohigherqualityopticsthanaLX10,runningon1310 nmwavelengthlasers.100BASE-EXisnotaformalstandardbutindustry-acceptedterm.[24]Itissometimesreferredtoas100BASE-LH(longhaul),andiseasilyconfusedwith100BASE-LX10or100BASE-ZXbecausetheuseof-LX(10),-LH,-EX,and-ZXisambiguousbetweenvendors. 100BASE-ZX[edit] 100BASE-ZXisanon-standardbutmulti-vendor[25][better source needed]termtorefertoFastEthernettransmissionusing1,550 nmwavelengthtoachievedistancesofatleast70 kmoversingle-modefiber.Somevendorsspecifydistancesupto160 kmoversingle-modefiber,sometimescalled100BASE-EZX.Rangesbeyond80 kmarehighlydependentuponthepathlossofthefiberinuse,specificallytheattenuationfigureindBperkm,thenumberandqualityofconnectors/patchpanelsandspliceslocatedbetweentransceivers.[26] Seealso[edit] Listofdevicebandwidths Notes[edit] ^Itmaypossibleforcertaintypesofopticstoworkwithamismatchinwavelength.[19] References[edit] ^IEEE802.3u-1995.IEEE.October26,1995.doi:10.1109/IEEESTD.1995.7974916.ISBN 978-0-7381-0276-4. ^H.Frazier(2002)[1998]."The802.3zGigabitEthernetStandard".IEEENetwork.IEEE.12(3):6–7.doi:10.1109/65.690946. ^"OC3/STM1GE/FEModuleCombination-ERX10.3.xModuleGuide".JuniperNetworks. ^"Cisco100BASE-XSmallForm-FactorPluggableModulesforFastEthernetApplicationsDataSheet".Cisco. ^abcdCharlesE.Spurgeon(2014).Ethernet:TheDefinitiveGuide(2nd ed.).O'ReillyMedia.ISBN 978-1-4493-6184-6. ^"CAT5EAdapters"(PDF).Archivedfromtheoriginal(PDF)on2014-07-07.Retrieved2012-12-17. ^"The100BASE-TXPMD(andMDI)isspecifiedbyincorporatingtheFDDITP-PMDstandard,ANSIX3.263:1995(TP-PMD),byreference,withthemodificationsnotedbelow."(section25.2ofIEEE802.3-2002). ^IEEE802.3bw-2015Clause96 ^JunkoYoshida(2015-12-01)."DrivenbyIEEEStandards,EthernetHitstheRoadin2016".EETimes.Retrieved2016-10-06. ^RobertBreyerandSeanRiley(1999).Switched,Fast,andGigabitEthernet.MacmillanTechnicalPublishing.p. 107. ^IEEE802.3y ^"IntroductionToFastEthernet"(PDF).ContemporaryControlSystems,Inc.2001-11-01.Retrieved2018-08-25. ^abc"DatasheetforEDS-408A-MM-ST".MOXA.2019-08-06.Retrieved2020-03-21. ^"DatasheetforSFP-1FESeries"(PDF).MOXA.2018-10-12.Retrieved2020-03-21. ^"Cisco350SeriesDataSheet".Cisco.Retrieved22March2020. ^"Cisco100BASE-XSFPDataSheet".Cisco.Retrieved26March2020. ^"FSGLC-GE-100FXTransceiver".FS.Retrieved26March2020. ^"Fiberincompatabilities?-ArsTechnicaOpenForum".arstechnica.com.2006-06-06.Retrieved29March2020.[self-publishedsource?] ^"EverythingYouAlwaysWantedtoKnowAboutOpticalNetworking–ButWereAfraidtoAsk"(PDF).archive.nanog.org.RichardASteenbergen.Retrieved30March2020. ^IEEE802.3clause26.2Functionalspecifications ^"DatasheetforSFP-100FX-31".FS.com.Retrieved2020-03-21. ^"KnowledgeBaseFiber".FlukeNetworks.28February2014.Retrieved8April2020. ^"DifferencesbetweenOM1,OM2,OM3,OM4,OS1,OS2fiberopticcablenomenclatures"(PDF).stl.tech.Retrieved8April2020. ^"GLC-FE-100EX100BASE-EXSFP(mini-GBIC)Transceiver".FS.com.Retrieved21March2020. ^"FS-GLC-FE-100ZX100BASE-ZX".FS.com.FS.com.Retrieved21March2020. ^"SFP15160FE0B/SFP/100BASE-eZX".SkylaneOptics.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonAugust19,2020.Retrieved21March2020. Externallinks[edit] Common100Mbit/sHardwareVariations OriginsandHistoryofEthernet IEEE802.3standardsfreedownload ProCurveNetworking100BASE-FXTechnicalBrief vteEthernetfamilyoflocalareanetworktechnologiesSpeeds 10Mbit/s 100Mbit/s 1Gbit/s 2.5and5Gbit/s 10Gbit/s 25and50Gbit/s 40and100Gbit/s 200and400Gbit/s General Physicallayer Autonegotiation EtherType Flowcontrol Frames Jumbos Organizations IEEE802.3 EthernetAlliance Media Twistedpair Coaxial Firstmile 10G-EPON Historic CSMA/CD StarLAN 10BROAD36 10BASE-FB 10BASE-FL 10BASE5 10BASE2 FOIRL 100BaseVG LattisNet LongReach Applications Audio Carrier Datacenter EnergyEfficiency Industrial Metro Power Synchronous Transceivers MAU GBIC SFP/SFP+/QSFP/QSFP+/OSFP XENPAK/X2 XFP CFP Interfaces AUI MDI MII GMII XGMII XAUI Category Commons Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fast_Ethernet&oldid=1094000512" Categories:EthernetHiddencategories:Allarticleswithself-publishedsourcesArticleswithself-publishedsourcesfromMay2020ArticleswithshortdescriptionShortdescriptionmatchesWikidataUseAmericanEnglishfromFebruary2022AllWikipediaarticleswritteninAmericanEnglishAllaccuracydisputesArticleswithdisputedstatementsfromOctober2021AllarticleslackingreliablereferencesArticleslackingreliablereferencesfromFebruary2021 Navigationmenu Personaltools NotloggedinTalkContributionsCreateaccountLogin Namespaces ArticleTalk English Views ReadEditViewhistory More Search Navigation MainpageContentsCurrenteventsRandomarticleAboutWikipediaContactusDonate Contribute HelpLearntoeditCommunityportalRecentchangesUploadfile Tools WhatlinkshereRelatedchangesUploadfileSpecialpagesPermanentlinkPageinformationCitethispageWikidataitem Print/export DownloadasPDFPrintableversion Inotherprojects WikimediaCommons Languages العربيةČeštinaDeutschEestiEspañolFrançais한국어BahasaIndonesiaItalianoLietuviųMagyarМакедонски日本語NorskbokmålPolskiPortuguêsРусскийСрпски/srpskiУкраїнськаTiếngViệt Editlinks