Kinesio Taping - Physiopedia

Kinesio Taping Method utilises four types of Kinesio Tex Tapes, each one with specific properties designed to use on fragile skin, sensitive skin or applied ... Search Search Search Togglenavigation pPhysiopedia pPhysiopedia About News Contribute Courses Resources Contact Donate Login pPhysiopedia About News Contribute Courses Resources Shop Contact Donate p o + Contents Editors Categories Share Cite Contentsloading... Editorsloading... Categoriesloading... Whenreferingtoevidenceinacademicwriting,youshouldalwaystrytoreferencetheprimary(original)source.Thatisusuallythejournalarticlewheretheinformationwasfirststated.InmostcasesPhysiopediaarticlesareasecondarysourceandsoshouldnotbeusedasreferences.Physiopediaarticlesarebestusedtofindtheoriginalsourcesofinformation(seethereferenceslistatthebottomofthearticle).IfyoubelievethatthisPhysiopediaarticleistheprimarysourcefortheinformationyouarereferingto,youcanusethebuttonbelowtoaccessarelatedcitationstatement.Citearticle KinesioTaping Jumpto:navigation,search OriginalEditor-KarinaLeahy TopContributors-KarinaLeahy,EwaJaraczewska,VanessaRhule,Admin,KimJackson,NaomiO'Reilly,GeorgePrudden,WikiSysop,CandaceGohandWandavanNiekerk  Contents 1Introduction 2Properties 3TypeofKinesioTexTapes 4Theory 5BasicsofApplication 6ContraindicationsandPrecautions 7TypesofApplications 8TypeofApplicationStretch 9TapedirectionandTechniqueused 10ClinicalImplications 10.1Levelofevidence-varies 10.2Whatdoestheevidencesupport? 10.3Pros 10.4Cons 11References Introduction[edit|editsource] KinesioTapingMethodisatherapeutictoolutilisedbytherehabilitationspecialistsinallprograms(paediatric,[1]geriatric,orthopaedic,[2]neurological,oncologyandothers)andlevelsofcare(acutecare,[3]inpatientrehabilitation,[4]outpatient,homecareandDayRehab).Theideaofusingelastictapetomimicthetherapist'shandswasfirstpresentedbyDrKenzoKaseinthe1970s.Sincethenitbecamethemodalityusedinpainmanagement[5],softtissueinjury[6],tissuesandjointsmalalignment[1],oedema[7],andmore.KinesioTapingMethodutilisesfourtypesofKinesioTexTapes,eachonewithspecificpropertiesdesignedtouseonfragileskin,sensitiveskinorappliedwithhighertensions.KinesioTapingMethodhasalsobeenfoundeffectiveintreatinganimals[8]andtwospecialtapesareused:KinesioEquineandKinesioCanine. Properties[edit|editsource] KinesioTexTapecontainseither100%cottonandelasticfibresoritcanbeablendofpolyesterandcottonwithelasticfibres.ThelatterisapreferablechoiceforKinesioTapingapplicationonsensitiveskinwhenhighertensionsonthetapeareneededforthedesiredoutcome.Thetapeisappliedonthepaperbackingusinganacrylicadhesiveandwith10-15%stretch.ThisamountofstretchisusedwithsomeKinesioTapingtechniquesandisreferredtoas"paperofftension".OthercharacteristicsofKinesioTexTapeinclude[9]: Abilitytostretchto120-140%ofitsoriginallength Recoilbacktotheanchorthatisappliedwithoutstretch Heatactivatedadhesive Hypoallergenicdyesthatmakethetapesafeformostusers Latex-free Dryingtimeafterbeingwetisabout5-10minutes Canbewornforseveraldays TypeofKinesioTexTapes[edit|editsource] Currently,thereare4typesoftapesavailableforKinesioTapingMethodapplicationsforhumansand2typesoftapesforanimals.Eachcliniciancanchoosethemostappropriatetypeoftape,basedonthedesiredoutcomeandtheclient'sskincondition.WhentapingisconsideredbyanuntrainedindividualitissuggestedtouseClassicorPerformance+Tape. Thefollowingaretapetypesandtheircharacteristic: KinesioTexClassic:theoriginaltapethatreceivedseveralupgradesovertime,themostuniversalasitcanbeusedforallapplicationsandideallyonhealthyskin. KinesioTexPerformance+:different,looserpatternonthetread,polyesterandcottonblendbestforsensitiveskinwhenhighertensionsonthetapearedesired. KinesioTexGold:specialdistributionofadhesiveallowinggoodattachmentwithoutrequiringlargesurfacearea,goodforlowtensionapplicationsandavailableonlyfortrainedprofessionals. KinesioTexGoldLightTouchPlus:adhesivedistributedtoallowgentlegrip,doesnotlastaslongasothertypessoitisusedforshorttermapplicationsandusuallyforchildrenandolderadultswithfragileskin. KinesioEquine:developedtoallowtheKinesioTapingmethodtobeusedonhorses,canbeapplieddirectlyonhorseshairanditstastepreventsanimalsfromchewingit. KinesioCanine:usedondogsanditworkswellwithdogs'hair. Theory[edit|editsource] KinesioTapingtheoryisbasedontheneurophysiologicalmechanismsandtheeffectofmechanicalstimulionvarioussystemsinthebody: CentralNervousSystem(CNS):KinesioTexTapeappliedontheskinwithvaryingdegreesofstretchcreatesamechanicalstimulusandactivatesanafferentpathwaytoCNS [10] Skin:KinesioTexTapeappliedontheskinwithalowdegreeofstretchchangesthedensityandtheconcentrationofthetissueinthedermisandepidermis.[11]Thismechanicalstimulusconvertedintoelectricalimpulsesiscalledmechanotransduction[12]andcanproducecellmovement.[13][14]KinesioTexTapeproducespressureandstretchontheskinthatmaybeabletostimulatemechanoreceptors.ThisstimulusinteractswithCNSandmodulatespainresponses.[15] [16] Fascia:theapplicationofKinesioTexTapechangesthetensionelementsintissuestoencouragehomeostasis.Thetensionimposedfromthetapefreesthefasciaofanymovementlimitationsthroughthemovementoftheskinrelativetothetargettissue.[17][9] [18] LymphaticandCirculatorySystem:theapplicationofKinesioTexTapefacilitatestheopeningofmicrovalvesduetoadynamicpressurevariationasaresultofalterationinskindensity.Thisdecompressionactivateslymphaticsinthedermisandimproveslymphaticflow.Theendresultistissueinflammationandswellingreduction.[15]Itisalsotheorisedthatliftingtheskindetachesfilamentsthatattachtheskintoendothelialcellsofthelymphaticandcapillarybeds.Thisisproposedtocreatechannelsthatallowforlymphtodrain,thusreducingswellingandallowingincreasedbloodflowtothearea.[19]   BasicsofApplication[edit|editsource] Completepatient'sassessmenttoidentifythemostappropriateapplication.KinesioTapingMethodspecificassessmenttoolsshouldbeincludedinthisprocess. FollowcontraindicationsandprecautionswhenchoosingKinesioTapingMethod Applythetapeondryskin,freeofoilsandlotion Removebodyhairifpossiblebytrimmingorshavingthearea Followthetensionguidelines Roundalltheedgesofthetapetopreventprematurepeeling Avoidtouchingtheadhesivesideofthetapeafterremovingthebackingasthismaydecreasetheadhesivestrengthontheskin Oncethetapeisapplied,activatetheheat-sensitiveadhesivebyrubbingthesurfaceofthetapeforafewseconds  Reassesstodeterminepost-applicationresults Informthepatienttodeferactivitiesthatcauseperspirationfor30minutesifpossible Informthepatienttoremovethetapeifitchingorburningsensationoccursorifthepainincreases Teachthepatientandcaregiverhowtoremovethetapeifneeded Providethepatientwithinformedconsentandaninformationsheetwithadescriptionincluding: signandsymptomsofskinirritationandskinallergy instructionontaperemoval informationhowlongtowearthetape physiotherapistcontactinformation ContraindicationsandPrecautions[edit|editsource] ItisuptoindividualphysiotherapiststousetheirjudgementwhenchoosingKinesioTapingMethod.Thedecisionneedstobebasedonthephysiotherapist'sclinicalexperienceandexperiencewithtapinggainedbyattendingKinesioTapingMethodcertificationcourses. Generalcontraindicationsare: Malignancy Infection,cellulitis Openwound DVT PreviousallergicreactiontoKinesioTexTape Generalprecautionsare: Diabetes Congestiveheartfailure(CHF) Patientreceivingdialysis/Kidneydisease Organtransplants Pregnancy TypesofApplications[edit|editsource] Eachphysiologicalsystemistargetedwithaspecificapplicationthatcanbedescribedby: Typeoftapeused(Classic,Perfomance+,Gold,GoldLightTouchPlus,EDF) Tapecut(Y,I,X,Fan,Web,Donut,JellyFish,Snowflake,EDF) Ycut Icut Xcut Fancut Tapelengthandwidth(eg.foursquares,2.5cm) Techniqueused(EDF,FasciaCorrection,MechanicalCorrection,SpaceCorrection,LymphaticCorrection,OveractiveorUnderactiveMuscle,LigamentandTendonCorrection) Patient'spositionduringapplication Tensionusedonthetape(describedin %) Tapedirection(proximalordistal) Example:KinesioTexPerformance+,one6squares,5cmIstrip,Mechanicalcorrectionwith75%tensionappliedinthemiddleforpatellastabilisation.Patientinitialposition:supine,withthekneeflexed20degrees. [20] TypeofApplicationStretch[edit|editsource] Thetargettissueshouldbeelongatedpriortothetapeapplication. Variousamountsofstretchonthetapecanbeusedanditdependsonthetissuewechoosetoaffect. Ultralight0-5%(epidermis) Superlight5-10%(dermis) Paper-off10-15%(superficialfascia) Moderate25-50%(deepfascia) Severe75%(tendon) Full100%(ligament) Forpercentage,stretchrefertothepercentageoftheavailablestretch. TapedirectionandTechniqueused[edit|editsource] Tapedirectionandtechniqueusedaredeterminedbasedontissueassessment.KinesioTapingMethodsuggeststwoassessmenttools:ManualDirectionTest(MDT)forthetissueandManualDirectionTest(MDT)forthemuscle.MDTforthetissueincludesthreecomponents:glide,decompression,andcompression.MDTforthemusclehasonecomponent:glide ClinicalImplications[edit|editsource] Levelofevidence-varies[edit|editsource] ThereishighinconsistencywithresearchonKinesioTapingMethodeffectiveness.Severalfactorscontributetothisproblem: Researchiscompletedbyuntrainedclinicians,lackofinformationinthemethodologysectionaboutpersonsconductingresearchandtheirexperienceinKinesioTapingMethod. InconsistentprotocolsorprotocolsbasedonthetechniquedescribedintheKinesioTapingmanualareused.KinesioTapingapplicationshouldbechosenbasedonthepatient'sassessmentandtargetingtheprimarytissueaffected.Example:PatellofemoralPainSyndrome(PFPS)canhavetwentydifferentaetiologies,fromproblemswithfootalignmenttotrunkmusclestrength,requiringcompletelydifferenttapingapplications. Othertypesoftape,noKinesioTexTape,areusedforresearchpurposes,butKinesioTexTapepropertiesareutilisedwhendescribingthemethodology.Eachbrandofelastictapehasdifferentpaper-offtension,theamountandqualityofadhesivevary,andthequalityofelasticisdifferent.[21] ReviewsofthestudiesevaluatingtheeffectsoftheKinesioTapingMethodandKinesiologyMethodareoftenincludedasonemethod,wheninfact,thesearetwodifferenttechniquesthatusedifferenttypesoftape.KinesiologytapingoriginatedfromtheKinesioTapingMethodanditwasbasedonthesameprinciples.Thetwomethodshowevercannotbeconsideredthesameandcannotbeusedinterchangeablyasithappensintheresearchliteraturenow,because: InKinesiologytapingvarioustapesareused,fromK-Active,AcuTop,Therabandtothebrand-specificforacountry,butstretchingrulesforapplicationtechniquesarebasedonKinesioTexTape.Noneoftheabove-mentionedtapeshasbeentestedforitsstretchedpropertiesthereforecliniciansdonotknowif15%stretchonK-Activeequals15 %stretchonAcuTop.Theamountofstretchisoneofthemainprinciplesbecausetargetingspecifictissueisthetreatmentgoal. KinesioTapingMethodhasevolvedoverthepast20yearsfromthemechanicaleffectonthetissuetotheneurophysiologicalonebasedonthediscoveriesincellbiology,fasciaandmechanotransduction.TheKinesiologytapingprinciplesremainedunchanged. ResearchisconductedonhealthysubjectswhentheprimaryeffectoftheKinesioTapingMethodistofacilitatetissuereturntohomeostasis.KinesioTapingisamethodtoassistwithmusculoskeletalsystemdamages.[22] Whatdoestheevidencesupport?[edit|editsource] IncreaseROM ImproveFunction DecreaseOedema/Swelling DecreasePain ImprovementinQualityofLife(QL) Pros[edit|editsource] Someevidenceprovestheories Providesanoptionalmodalityfortreatment Applicabletomultiplepatientpopulationsatvariousstagesofrehabilitation Decreaseinpainencouragesmovement Patientcanbetaughtself-applicationtechniques Cons[edit|editsource] Inconsistentbodyofevidencetoprovetheories Canbeexpensivewhenusedforaprolongedperiodoftime Cancauseskinirritationorallergicreactiontotape References[edit|editsource] ↑1.01.1DixitJ,RoyS.EffectofNeuromuscularTapingAlongwithReactivePosturalAdjustmentandAnticipatoryPosturalAdjustmentinImprovingSittingBalanceinChildrenwithSpasticDiplegicCerebralPalsy.IJHSR2018;8(11):116-125. ↑ArrebolaLS,TeixeiradeCarvalhoR,YanLamWunP,RizzideOliveiraP,FirmodosSantosJ,GonçalvesCoutinhodeOliveiraV,PinfildiCE.InvestigationofdifferentapplicationtechniquesforKinesioTaping®withanaccompanyingexerciseprotocolforimprovementofpainandfunctionalityinpatientswithpatellofemoralpainsyndrome:Apilotstudy.JournalofBodyworkandMovementTherapies2020,24(1):47-55, ↑BrockmannR,KleinHM.Pain-diminishingeffectsofKinesio®tapingaftermediansternotomy.PhysiotherapyTheoryandPractice2018;34(6):433-441. ↑GallagherJ.AnteriorandposteriordiaphragmKinesiotapingforintractablehiccupsafterischemicstroke:Acasereport.Medicine(Baltimore).2018Aug;97(34):e11934. ↑DonecV,KubiliusR.TheeffectivenessofKinesioTaping®forpainmanagementinkneeosteoarthritis:arandomized,double-blind,controlledclinicaltrial.TherAdvMusculoskeletDis.2019Aug29;11:1759720X19869135. ↑WangCK,FangYD,LinLC,LinCF,KuoLC,ChiuFM,ChenCH.MagneticResonanceElastographyintheAssessmentofAcuteEffectsofKinesioTapingonLumbarParaspinalMuscles.JMagnResonImaging.2019Apr;49(4):1039-1045. ↑TantawySA,AbdelbassetWK,NambiG,KamelDM.ComparativeStudyBetweentheEffectsofKinesioTapingandPressureGarmentonSecondaryUpperExtremityLymphedemaandQualityofLifeFollowingMastectomy:ARandomizedControlledTrial.IntegrativeCancerTherapies.January2019. ↑WójcikM.TheUseofPhysicalTherapyProceduresintheTreatmentofSoftTissueInjuriesinaHorse:ACaseStudy.JVetSciMedDiagn2017;6:4. ↑9.09.1KaseK,WallisJ,KaseT.ClinicaltherapeuticapplicationsoftheKinesiotapingmethod.Kinesio2013,3rdedition. ↑GustavoMendoza.KinesioeffectoncorticalbrainactivityfMRI .Availablefrom:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k6WsoxI6nzg&t=27s[lastaccessed11/11/2021] ↑KafaN,CitakerS,OmerogluS,PekerT,CoskunN,DikerS.Effectsofkinesiologictapingonepidermal-dermaldistance,pain,oedemaandinflammationafterexperimentallyinducedsofttissuetrauma.PhysiotherTheoryPract.2015;31(8):556-61. ↑FabianaM,PerestreloAR,VinarskýV,PagliariS,ForteG.CellularMechanotransduction:FromTensiontoFunction.FrontiersinPhysiology2018;8:824   ↑LoCM,WangHB,DemboM,WangYL.Cellmovementisguidedbytherigidityofthesubstrate.BiophysJ.2000Jul;79(1):144-52. ↑HaleNA,YangY,RajagopalanP.Cellmigrationattheinterfaceofadualchemical-mechanicalgradient.ACSApplMaterInterfaces.2010Aug;2(8):2317-24. ↑15.015.1WuW-T,HongC-Z,ChouL-W.TheKinesioTapingMethodforMyofascialPainControl.Evidence-BasedComplementaryandAlternativeMedicine2015;ArticleID950519. ↑MechanotransductionLecturebyCodiElliott.Availablefrom:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sKoBh5zwK_U[lastaccessed14/11/2021] ↑Abu-HijlehMF,RoshierAL,Al-ShboulQ,DharapAS,HarrisPF.Themembranouslayerofsuperficialfascia:evidenceforitswidespreaddistributioninthebody.SurgRadiolAnat.2006Dec;28(6):606-19. ↑RonelleWood.FasciaMagnified25x.Availablefrom:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uzy8-wQzQMY[lastaccessed11/11/2021] ↑LipinskaA,SliwinskiZ,KiebzakW,SenderekT,KirenkoJ.Influenceofkinesiotapingapplicationonlymphoedemaofanupperlimbinwomenaftermastectomy.PolishJournalofPhysiotherapy2007:7;258-269. ↑ElsevierAustralia.Length,StrengthandKinesioTape:TheUpperTrapezius.Availablefrom:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3USDcUbKuKE&t=41s[lastaccessed12/11/2021] ↑BoonkerdC,LimroongreungratW.Elastictherapeutictape:dotheyhavethesamematerialproperties?JPhysTherSci.2016Apr;28(4):1303-6. ↑PyšnýL,PyšnáJ,PetrůD.KinesioTapingUseinPreventionofSportsInjuriesDuringTeachingofPhysicalEducationandSport.Procedia-SocialandBehavioralSciences2015;186:618-623. 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