Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - Wikipedia

1 History · 2 Wechsler–Bellevue Intelligence Scale. 2.1 Point scale concept; 2.2 The Non-Verbal Performance Scale · 3 WAIS · 4 WAIS-R · 5 WAIS-III. 5.1 Verbal IQ ( ... WechslerAdultIntelligenceScale FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch IQTestdesignedtomeasureintelligenceinadults "WASI"redirectshere.ForthesysteminterfaceforWebAssembly,seeWebassembly§ WASI. WechslerAdultIntelligenceScaleICD-9-CM94.01MeSHD014888 TheWechslerAdultIntelligenceScale(WAIS)isanIQtestdesignedtomeasureintelligenceandcognitiveabilityinadultsandolderadolescents.[1]TheoriginalWAIS(FormI)waspublishedinFebruary1955byDavidWechsler,asarevisionoftheWechsler–BellevueIntelligenceScale,releasedin1939.[2]Itiscurrentlyinitsfourthedition(WAIS-IV)releasedin2008byPearson,andisthemostwidelyusedIQtest,forbothadultsandolderadolescents,intheworld. Contents 1History 2Wechsler–BellevueIntelligenceScale 2.1Pointscaleconcept 2.2TheNon-VerbalPerformanceScale 3WAIS 4WAIS-R 5WAIS-III 5.1VerbalIQ(VIQ) 5.2PerformanceIQ(PIQ) 6WAIS-IV 6.1Indexscoresandscales 6.2Standardization 7Agerangeanduses 8WASI-II 9Seealso 10References 11Furtherreading 12Externallinks History[edit] TheWAISisfoundedonWechsler'sdefinitionofintelligence,whichhedefinedas"...theglobalcapacityofapersontoactpurposefully,tothinkrationally,andtodealeffectivelywithhisenvironment."[3]Hebelievedthatintelligencewasmadeupofspecificelementsthatcouldbeisolated,defined,andsubsequentlymeasured.However,theseindividualelementswerenotentirelyindependent,butwereallinterrelated.Hisargument,inotherwords,isthatgeneralintelligenceiscomposedofvariousspecificandinterrelatedfunctionsorelementsthatcanbeindividuallymeasured.[4] ThistheorydifferedgreatlyfromtheBinetscalewhich,inWechsler'sday,wasgenerallyconsideredthesupremeauthoritywithregardtointelligencetesting.AdrasticallyrevisednewversionoftheBinetscale,releasedin1937,receivedagreatdealofcriticismfromDavidWechsler(afterwhomtheoriginalWechsler–BellevueIntelligencescaleandthemodernWechslerAdultIntelligenceScaleIVarenamed).[4] Wechslerwasaveryinfluentialadvocatefortheconceptofnon-intellectivefactors,andhefeltthatthe1937Binetscaledidnotdoagoodjobofincorporatingthesefactorsintothescale(non-intellectivefactorsarevariablesthatcontributetotheoverallscoreinintelligence,butarenotmadeupofintelligence-relateditems.Theseincludethingssuchaslackofconfidence,fearoffailure,attitudes,etc.). WechslerdidnotagreewiththeideaofasinglescorethattheBinettestgave.[4] WechslerarguedthattheBinetscaleitemswerenotvalidforadulttest-takersbecausetheitemswerechosenspecificallyforusewithchildren.[4] The"Binetscale'semphasisonspeed,withtimedtasksscatteredthroughoutthescale,tendedtoundulyhandicapolderadults."[4] Wechslerbelievedthat"mentalagenormsclearlydidnotapplytoadults."[4] WechslercriticizedthethenexistingBinetscalebecause"itdidnotconsiderthatintellectualperformancecoulddeteriorateasapersongrewolder."[4] Thesecriticismsofthe1937BinettesthelpedproducetheWechsler–Bellevuescale,releasedin1939.However,thepresent-dayWAIS-IVhascontradictedmanyofthesecriticisms,byincorporatingasingleoverallscore,usingmultipletimedtasks,focusingonintellectiveitemsandotherways.Whilethisscalehasbeenrevised(resultinginthepresentdayWAIS-IV),manyoftheoriginalconceptsWechslerarguedfor,havebecomestandardsinpsychologicaltesting,includingthepoint-scaleconceptandtheperformance-scaleconcept.[4] Wechsler–BellevueIntelligenceScale[edit] TheWechsler–Bellevuetestswereinnovativeinthe1930sbecausethey: gatheredtaskscreatedfornonclinicalpurposesforadministrationasa"clinicaltestbattery",[5] usedthepointscaleconceptinsteadoftheagescale,and includedanon-verbalperformancescale.[6][7] Pointscaleconcept[edit] IntheBinetscales(priortothe1986version)itemsweregroupedaccordingtoagelevel.Eachoftheseagelevelswascomposedofagroupoftasksthatcouldbepassedbytwo-thirdstothree-quartersoftheindividualsinthatlevel.Thismeantthatitemswerenotarrangedaccordingtocontent.Additionally,anindividualtakingaBinettestwouldonlyreceivecreditifacertainnumberofthetaskswerecompleted.Thismeantthatfallingshortjustonetaskrequiredforthecredit,resultedinnocreditatall(forexample,ifpassingthreeoutoffourtaskswasrequiredtoreceivecredit,thenpassingtwoyieldednocredit).[4] Thepointscaleconceptsignificantlychangedthewaytestingwasdonebyassigningcreditsorpointstoeachitem.Thishadtwolargeeffects.First,thisalloweditemstobegroupedaccordingtocontent.Second,participantswereabletoreceiveasetnumberofpointsorcreditsforeachitempassed.[8]Theresultwasatestthatcouldbemadeupofdifferentcontentareas(orsubtests)withbothanoverallscoreandascoreforeachcontentarea.Inturn,thisallowedforananalysistobemadeofanindividual'sabilityinavarietyofcontentareas(asopposedtoonegeneralscore).[4] TheNon-VerbalPerformanceScale[edit] Thenon-verbalperformancescalewasalsoacriticaldifferencefromtheBinetscale.TheearlierBinetscalehadbeenpersistentlyandconsistentlycriticizedforitsemphasisonlanguageandverbalskills.[4]Wechslerdesignedanentirescalethatallowedthemeasurementofnon-verbalintelligence.Thisbecameknownasaperformancescale.Thisscalerequiredasubjecttoactivelydosomething,suchascopyingsymbolsorpointingtoamissingdetailinapicture,ratherthanjustansweringquestions.Thiswasanimportantdevelopment,asitattemptedtoovercomebiasesthatwerecausedby"language,culture,andeducation."[4]Further,thisscalealsoprovidedanopportunitytoobserveadifferenttypeofbehavior,becausesomethingphysicalwasrequired.Clinicianswereabletoobservehowaparticipantreactedtothe"longerintervalofsustainedeffort,concentration,andattention"thattheperformancetasksrequired.[4] AstheWechsler–Bellevuescalewasthefirsttoeffectivelyusetheperformancescale,italsointroducedthe"possibilityofdirectlycomparinganindividual'sverbalandnonverbalintelligence".[4]Thiswaspossibleas"theresultsofbothscaleswereexpressedincomparableunits".[4]TheBinetscaledidhaveperformancetasks,buttheyweregearedtowardyoungerchildren.TheWechsler-Bellevuewasalsouniqueinthattherewereentireteststhatwereconsideredsupplementsoralternatives,including"performance"measuressuchastheLeiterInternationalPerformanceScale.[4] WAIS[edit] TheWAISwasinitiallycreatedasarevisionoftheWechsler–BellevueIntelligenceScale(WBIS),whichwasabatteryoftestspublishedbyWechslerin1939.TheWBISwascomposedofsubteststhatcouldbefoundinvariousotherintelligencetestsofthetime,suchasRobertYerkes'armytestingprogramandtheBinet-Simonscale.TheWAISwasfirstreleasedinFebruary1955byDavidWechsler.BecausetheWechslertestsincludednon-verbalitems(knownasperformancescales)aswellasverbalitemsforalltest-takers,andbecausethe1960formofLewisTerman'sStanford–BinetIntelligenceScaleswaslesscarefullydevelopedthanpreviousversions,FormIoftheWAISsurpassedtheStanford–Binettestsinpopularitybythe1960s.[2] WAIS-R[edit] TheWAIS-R,arevisedformoftheWAIS,wasreleasedin1981andconsistedofsixverbalandfiveperformancesubtests.Theverbaltestswere:Information,Comprehension,Arithmetic,DigitSpan,Similarities,andVocabulary.ThePerformancesubtestswere:PictureArrangement,PictureCompletion,BlockDesign,ObjectAssembly,andDigitSymbol.AverbalIQ,performanceIQandfullscaleIQwereobtained.[9] Thisrevisededitiondidnotprovidenewvaliditydata,butusedthedatafromtheoriginalWAIS;howevernewnormswereprovided,carefullystratified.[9] WAIS-III[edit] Thissectiondoesnotciteanysources.Pleasehelpimprovethissectionbyaddingcitationstoreliablesources.Unsourcedmaterialmaybechallengedandremoved.(November2016)(Learnhowandwhentoremovethistemplatemessage) TheWAIS-III,asubsequentrevisionoftheWAISandtheWAIS-R,wasreleasedin1997.ItprovidedscoresforVerbalIQ,PerformanceIQ,andFullScaleIQ,alongwithfoursecondaryindices(VerbalComprehension,WorkingMemory,PerceptualOrganization,andProcessingSpeed). VerbalIQ(VIQ)[edit] Includedseventestsandprovidedtwosub-indices;verbalcomprehensionandworkingmemory. TheVerbalComprehensionIndex(VCI)includedthefollowingtests: Information Similarities Vocabulary TheWorkingMemoryIndex(WMI)included: Arithmetic DigitSpan Letter-Number-Sequencing Subtest(s)notincludedinthesub-indices: Comprehension Supplementarysubtest(s)(OnlytobeusedfortotalVIQindexscoringandspecifiedsub-index): Letter-Number-Sequencing PerformanceIQ(PIQ)[edit] Includedsixtestsanditalsoprovidedtwosub-indices;perceptualorganizationandprocessingspeed. ThePerceptualOrganizationIndex(POI)included: BlockDesign MatrixReasoning PictureCompletion TheProcessingSpeedIndex(PSI)included: DigitSymbol-Coding SymbolSearch Subtest(s)notincludedinthesub-indices: PictureArrangement Supplementarysubtests(OnlytobeusedfortotalPIQindexscoringandspecifiedsub-index): ObjectAssembly SymbolSearch WAIS-IV[edit] Thissectionneedsadditionalcitationsforverification.Pleasehelpimprovethisarticlebyaddingcitationstoreliablesources.Unsourcedmaterialmaybechallengedandremoved.(November2016)(Learnhowandwhentoremovethistemplatemessage) Thecurrentversionofthetest,theWAIS-IV,whichwasreleasedin2008,iscomposedof10coresubtestsandfivesupplementalsubtests,withthe10coresubtestsyieldingscaledscoresthatsumtoderivetheFullScaleIQ.WiththeWAIS-IV,theverbal/performanceIQscoresfrompreviousversionswereremovedandreplacedbytheindexscores.TheGeneralAbilityIndex(GAI)wasincluded,whichconsistsoftheSimilarities,VocabularyandInformationsubtestsfromtheVerbalComprehensionIndexandtheBlockDesign,MatrixReasoningandVisualPuzzlessubtestsfromthePerceptualReasoningIndex.TheGAIisclinicallyusefulbecauseitcanbeusedasameasureofcognitiveabilitiesthatarelessvulnerabletoimpairmentsofprocessingspeedandworkingmemory. Indexscoresandscales[edit] Therearefourindexscoresrepresentingmajorcomponentsofintelligence: VerbalComprehensionIndex(VCI) PerceptualReasoningIndex(PRI) WorkingMemoryIndex(WMI) ProcessingSpeedIndex(PSI) Twobroadscores,whichcanbeusedtosummarizegeneralintellectualability,canalsobederived: FullScaleIQ(FSIQ),basedonthetotalcombinedperformanceoftheVCI,PRI,WMI,andPSI GeneralAbilityIndex(GAI),basedonlyonthesixsubteststhattheVCIandPRIcomprise. WAIS-IVsubtestsgroupedbyindex Index Subtest Core? Description Proposedabilitiesmeasured VerbalComprehension Similarities Describehowtwowordsorconceptsaresimilar. Abstractverbalreasoning;semanticknowledge Vocabulary Nameobjectsinpicturesordefinewordspresentedtothem. Semanticknowledge;verbalcomprehensionandexpression Information Generalknowledgequestions Degreeofgeneralinformationacquiredfromculture Comprehension Questionsaboutsocialsituationsorcommonconcepts. Abilitytoexpressabstractsocialconventions,rulesandexpressions PerceptualReasoning BlockDesign Puttogetherred-and-whiteblocksinapatternaccordingtoadisplayedmodel.Thisistimed,andsomeofthemoredifficultpuzzlesawardbonusesforspeed. Visualspatialprocessingandproblemsolving;visualmotorconstruction MatrixReasoning Viewanarrayofpictureswithonemissingsquare,andselectthepicturethatfitsthearrayfromfiveoptions. Nonverbalabstractproblemsolving,inductivereasoning VisualPuzzles Viewapuzzleinastimulusbookandchoosefromamongpiecesofwhichthreecouldconstructthepuzzle Visualspatialreasoning PictureCompletion Selectthemissingpartofapicture Abilitytoquicklyperceivevisualdetails FigureWeights Viewastimulusbookthatpicturesshapesonascale(orscales)withoneemptysideandselectthechoicethatkeepsthescalebalanced Quantitativereasoning WorkingMemory DigitSpan Listentosequencesofnumbersorallyandtorepeatthemasheard,inreverseorder,andinascendingorder. Workingmemory,attention,encoding,auditoryprocessing Arithmetic Orallyadministeredarithmeticwordproblems.Timed. Quantitativereasoning,concentration,mentalmanipulation Letter-NumberSequencing Recallaseriesofnumbersinincreasingorderandlettersinalphabeticalorder. Workingmemory,attention,mentalcontrol ProcessingSpeed SymbolSearch Viewrowsofsymbolsandtargetsymbols,andmarkwhetherornotthetargetsymbolsappearineachrow. Processingspeed Coding Transcribeadigit-symbolcodeusingakey.Thetaskistime-limited. Processingspeed,associativememory,graphomotorspeed Cancellation Scanarrangementsofshapesandmarkspecifictargetshapeswithinalimitedamountoftime Processingspeed Standardization[edit] TheWAIS-IVwasstandardizedonasampleof2,200peopleintheUnitedStates,ranginginagefrom16to90.[10]ThedemographiccharacteristicsofthesampleweremodeledaftertheproportionsofdifferentgroupsinananalysisofdatafromtheU.S.CensusBureau.Anextensionofthestandardizationhasbeenconductedwith688Canadiansinthesameagerange. Agerangeanduses[edit] TheWAIS-IVmeasureisacceptableforusewithpeoplewhoare16–90yearsofage.Forpeopleyoungerthan16,theWechslerPreschoolandPrimaryScaleofIntelligence(WPPSI,2½–7years,7months)andtheWechslerIntelligenceScaleforChildren(WISC,6–16years)areused.[11] Intelligencetestsmaybeusedtoassessthelevelofcognitivefunctioninginindividualswithpsychiatricillnessorbraininjury.Rehabilitationpsychologistsandneuropsychologistsuseneuropsychologicaltests(includingtheWAIS-IV)toassesshowtheindividual'sbrainisfunctioningafterithasbeeninjured.Specificsubtestscanprovideinsightintospecificcognitivefunctions;forexample,thedigitspansubtestcouldbeusedtolookforattentionaldifficulties.[11] TheWechslertestscanalsobeusedtoidentifyintellectualgiftedness,andarecommonlyacceptedasqualifyingevidenceforhigh-IQsocieties,suchasMensa,IntertelandtheTripleNineSociety.[12][13][14] WASI-II[edit] TheWechslerAbbreviatedScaleofIntelligence-2ndedition(WASI-II)isashortpsychologicaltestthatwasdevelopedin2011byPearsontoestimateintellectualfunctioninginashorterperiodoftimethantheWAIS-IV.[15]TheWASI-IIonlyhas4subtests:BlockDesign,Vocabulary,Similarities,andMatrixReasoning,comparedtothe10coresubteststhatarepresentintheWAIS-IV.These4subtestshavethesamestructureasthesimilarly-namedsubtestsontheWAIS-IV,buthavedifferentquestions. TheWASI-IIcanderive4compositescoresfromacombinationofthe4subtests.AVerbalComprehensionIndex(VCI)canbederviedfromtherawscoresontheVocabularyandSimilaritiessubtests.APerceptualReasoningIndex(PRI)canbederivedfromtherawscoresontheMatrixReasoningandBlockDesignsubtests.AFullScaleIQ-2(FSIQ-2)canbederivedfromtherawscoresontheMatrixReasoningandVocabularysubtests,whileaFullScaleIQ-4(FSIQ-4)canbederivedfromtherawscoresonall4subtests. WASI-IISubtestsgroupedbyindex Index Subtest Decription Proposedabilitiedmeasured VerbalComprehension Similarities Describehowtwowordsorconceptsaresimilar. Abstractverbalreasoning;semanticknowledge Vocabulary Nameobjectsinpicturesordefinewordspresentedtothem. Semanticknowledge;verbalcomprehensionandexpression PerceptualReasoning BlockDesign Puttogetherred-and-whiteblocksinapatternaccordingtoadisplayedmodel.Thisistimed,andsomeofthemoredifficultpuzzlesawardbonusesforspeed. Visualspatialprocessingandproblemsolving;visualmotorconstruction MatrixReasoning Viewanarrayofpictureswithonemissingsquare,andselectthepicturethatfitsthearrayfromfiveoptions. Nonverbalabstractproblemsolving,inductivereasoning Seealso[edit] WechslerIntelligenceScaleforChildren WechslerPreschoolandPrimaryScaleofIntelligence References[edit] ^Kaufman,AlanS.;Lichtenberger,Elizabeth(2006).AssessingAdolescentandAdultIntelligence(3rd ed.).Hoboken(NJ):Wiley.ISBN 978-0-471-73553-3. ^abKaufman,AlanS.;Lichtenberger,Elizabeth(2006).AssessingAdolescentandAdultIntelligence(3rd ed.).Hoboken(NJ):Wiley.p. 7.ISBN 978-0-471-73553-3. ^Wechsler,David(1939).TheMeasurementofAdultIntelligence.Baltimore(MD):Williams&Witkins.p. 229. ^abcdefghijklmnopKaplan,R.M.;Saccuzzo,D.P.(2010).PsychologicalTesting:Principles,Applications,&Issues(8th ed.).Belmont,CA:Wadsworth,Cengagelearning. ^Kaufman,AlanS.;Lichtenberger,Elizabeth(2006).AssessingAdolescentandAdultIntelligence(3rd ed.).Hoboken(NJ):Wiley.p. 6.ISBN 978-0-471-73553-3. ^Nicolas,Serge;Andrieu,Bernard;Croizet,Jean-Claude;Sanitioso,RasyidB.;Burman,JeremyTrevelyan(2013)."Sick?Orslow?Ontheoriginsofintelligenceasapsychologicalobject".Intelligence.41(5):699–711.doi:10.1016/j.intell.2013.08.006. ^Kaufman,AlanS.(2009).IQTesting101.NewYork:SpringerPublishing.p. 112.ISBN 978-0-8261-0629-2.Sattler,JeromeM.(2008).AssessmentofChildren:CognitiveFoundations.LaMesa(CA):JeromeM.Sattler,Publisher.insidebackcover.ISBN 978-0-9702671-4-6. ^Kaplan,R.M.;Saccuzzo,D.P.(2009).Psychologicaltesting:Principles,applications,andissues(7th ed.).Belmont,CA:Wadsworth. ^ab"WechslerAdultIntelligenceScale--Revised".LISTOFTESTSAvailablefromtheCPSTestingLibrary.CenterforPsychologicalStudiesatNovaSoutheasternUniversity.Retrieved31March2009. ^"WechslerAdultIntelligenceScale,FourthEditionNowAvailableFromPearson"(Pressrelease).Pearson.28August2008.Retrieved20March2012. ^ab"PsychologicalTesting:WechslerAdultIntelligenceScale".mentalhelp.net.Retrieved23December2020. ^"Qualifyingtestscores".AmericanMensa.Retrieved25April2021. ^"Intertel-Joinus".www.intertel-iq.org.Retrieved25April2021. ^"TestScores".www.triplenine.org.Retrieved25April2021. ^Weschler,David(2011)."ReviewoftheWechslerAbbreviatedScaleofIntelligence,SecondEdition(WASI-II)".JournalofPsychoeducationalAssessment.31(3):337–341.doi:10.1177/0734282912467756. Furtherreading[edit] Matarazzo,JosephD.(1972).Wechsler'sMeasurementandAppraisalofAdultIntelligence(5thandenlarged ed.).Baltimore:Williams&Witkins. R.D.Savage(April1974)."Wechsler'sMeasurementandAppraisalofAdultIntelligence,5thed".BritishJournalofIndustrialMedicine(Review).31(2):169.PMC 1009574. Wechsler,David(1939).TheMeasurementofAdultIntelligence.Baltimore(MD):Williams&Witkins. Wechsler,David(1958).TheMeasurementandAppraisalofAdultIntelligence(4th ed.).Baltimore(MD):Williams&Witkins.Retrieved4June2013. Weiss,LawrenceG.;Saklofske,DonaldH.;Coalson,Diane;Raiford,Susan,eds.(2010).WAIS-IVClinicalUseandInterpretation:Scientist-PractitionerPerspectives.PracticalResourcesfortheMentalHealthProfessional.AlanS.Kaufman(Foreword).Amsterdam:AcademicPress.ISBN 978-0-12-375035-8. Externallinks[edit] FAQ/FindingInformationAboutPsychologicalTests(AmericanPsychologicalAssociation) ClassicsintheHistoryofPsychology vtePsychologicalandpsychiatricevaluationandtestingIntelligencetests WechslerAdultIntelligenceScale WechslerIntelligenceScaleforChildren Stanford–BinetIntelligenceScales Woodcock–JohnsonTestsofCognitiveAbilities KaufmanAssessmentBatteryforChildren CognitiveAssessmentSystem DifferentialAbilityScales AmmonsQuickTest Personalitytests MinnesotaMultiphasicPersonalityInventory 16PFQuestionnaire RevisedNEOPersonalityInventory Projectivetests Thematicapperceptiontest Inkblottest(Rorschachtest,Holtzmaninkblottest) Szonditest AnimalMetaphorTest Sentencecompletiontests Neuropsychologicaltest Mini-MentalStateExamination(MMSE) Luria-Nebraskaneuropsychologicalbattery Rey-OsterriethComplexFigure Delis-KaplanExecutiveFunctionSystem(D-KEFS) Othertests Mentalstatusexamination WechslerMemoryScale BentonVisualRetentionTest VinelandSocialMaturityScale vteNeuropsychologicaltestsBattery Cognistat Halstead-ReitanNeuropsychologicalBattery Luria-Nebraskaneuropsychologicalbattery MontrealCognitiveAssessment RepeatableBatteryfortheAssessmentofNeuropsychologicalStatus Arousal/Attention ContinuousPerformanceTask D2TestofAttention Fourboxestest GalvestonOrientationandAmnesiaTest Morningness-eveningnessquestionnaire PacedAuditorySerialAdditionTest Posnercueingtask Testofeverydayattention TestofVariablesofAttention Sensation/Perception Bender-GestaltTest BentonVisualRetentionTest Dotcancellationtest JudgmentofLineOrientation Navonfigure Rey–Osterriethcomplexfigure Memory 1-2-AXworkingmemorytask CaliforniaVerbalLearningTest Corsiblock-tappingtest Digitsymbolsubstitutiontest DoorsandPeople MCIScreen WechslerMemoryScale Language BostonDiagnosticAphasiaExamination BostonNamingTest ComprehensiveAphasiaTest ControlledOralWordAssociationTest ThurstoneWordFluencyTest Motor Compensatorytrackingtask PurduePegboardTest Problem-solving Delis–KaplanExecutiveFunctionSystem HaylingandBrixtontests TowerofLondontest TrailMakingTest WisconsinCardSortingTest Sleep EpworthSleepinessScale Specificimpairments BritishColumbiaPostconcussionSymptomInventory ClinicalDementiaRating DigitCancellationTest DisabilityRatingScale FloridaCognitiveActivitiesScale GlasgowComaScale GlasgowOutcomeScale PediatricAttentionDisordersDiagnosticScreener Rivermeadpost-concussionsymptomsquestionnaire Intelligence NationalAdultReadingTest WechslerAdultIntelligenceScale WechslerIntelligenceScaleforChildren WechslerPreschoolandPrimaryScaleofIntelligence WechslerTestofAdultReading Bed-side Abbreviatedmentaltestscore Addenbrooke'sCognitiveExamination GeneralPractitionerAssessmentOfCognition Mini–MentalStateExamination SocialVinelandAdaptiveBehaviorScaleMalingeringTestofMemoryMalingeringAuthoritycontrol:Nationallibraries CzechRepublic Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wechsler_Adult_Intelligence_Scale&oldid=1096540961" Categories:IntelligencetestsCognitivetestsNeuropsychologicaltestsHiddencategories:ArticleswithshortdescriptionShortdescriptionisdifferentfromWikidataUsedmydatesfromOctober2020ArticlesneedingadditionalreferencesfromNovember2016AllarticlesneedingadditionalreferencesArticleswithNKCidentifiers Navigationmenu Personaltools NotloggedinTalkContributionsCreateaccountLogin Namespaces ArticleTalk English Views ReadEditViewhistory More Search Navigation MainpageContentsCurrenteventsRandomarticleAboutWikipediaContactusDonate Contribute HelpLearntoeditCommunityportalRecentchangesUploadfile Tools WhatlinkshereRelatedchangesUploadfileSpecialpagesPermanentlinkPageinformationCitethispageWikidataitem Print/export DownloadasPDFPrintableversion Inotherprojects WikimediaCommons Languages العربيةCatalàČeštinaDeutschEestiEspañolFrançais한국어ՀայերենItalianoעבריתNederlands日本語PolskiPortuguêsРусскийSvenskaTürkçeУкраїнська粵語中文 Editlinks