Atomy - WIKI 2. Wikipedia Republished

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. "Atomie" redirects here. For the creature in Dungeons & Dragons, see Atomie (Dungeons & Dragons). An atomy is a ... ToinstallclicktheAddextensionbutton.That'sit.ThesourcecodefortheWIKI2extensionisbeingcheckedbyspecialistsoftheMozillaFoundation,Google,andApple.Youcouldalsodoityourselfatanypointintime. HowtotransfiguretheWikipedia WouldyoulikeWikipediatoalwayslookasprofessionalandup-to-date?Wehavecreatedabrowserextension.ItwillenhanceanyencyclopedicpageyouvisitwiththemagicoftheWIKI2technology.Tryit—youcandeleteitanytime. Installin5seconds Yep,butlater 4,5 KellySlaytonCongratulationsonthisexcellentventure…whatagreatidea! AlexanderGrigorievskiyIuseWIKI2everydayandalmostforgothowtheoriginalWikipedialookslike. LiveStatistics EnglishArticles Improvedin24Hours Addedin24Hours Languages Recent AfrikaansالعربيةAsturianuAzərbaycancaবাংলাБеларускаяБеларуская(тарашкевіца)БългарскиBoarischBrezhonegCatalàChavacanodeZamboangaDanskDeutschEestiΕλληνικάEspañolEsperantoEuskaraفارسیFrançaisFryskGaeilgeGàidhligGalego한국어ՀայերենHrvatskiIdoBahasaIndonesiaInterlinguaItalianoעבריתქართულიКыргызчаLatinaLietuviųLinguaFrancaNovaMagyarМакедонскиBahasaMelayuNederlands日本語NorskbokmålNorsknynorskOccitanپنجابیPolskiPortuguêsRomânăРусскийSimpleEnglishSlovenščinaСрпски/srpskiSrpskohrvatski/српскохрватскиSuomiSvenskaТатарча/tatarçaTürkçeУкраїнськаVènetoTiếngViệtWalon文言吴语粵語中文 Showalllanguages Whatwedo.Everypagegoesthroughseveralhundredofperfectingtechniques;inlivemode.QuitethesameWikipedia.Justbetter. GreatWikipediahasgotgreater. . Leo Newton Brights Milds Showoriginal Randomarticle Fairy FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Forotheruses,seeFairy (disambiguation)andFerry (disambiguation). "Fay"redirectshere.Forotheruses,seeFay (disambiguation). MythicalbeingorlegendarycreatureinEuropeanfolklore Fairy Aportraitofafairy,bySophie Gengembre Anderson(1869).ThetitleofthepaintingisTaketheFairFaceofWoman,andGentlySuspending,WithButterflies,Flowers,andJewelsAttending,ThusYourFairyisMadeofMostBeautifulThings(purportedlytakenfromapoembyCharlesEde).GroupingLegendary creaturePixieSpriteTuatha Dé DanannRegionEurope Afairy(alsofay,fae,fey,fairfolk,orfaerie)isatypeofmythicalbeingorlegendary creaturefoundinthefolkloreofmultipleEuropeancultures(includingCeltic,Slavic,Germanic,English,andFrenchfolklore),aformofspirit,oftendescribedasmetaphysical,supernatural,orpreternatural. Mythsandstoriesaboutfairiesdonothaveasingleorigin,butareratheracollectionoffolk beliefsfromdisparatesources.VariousfolktheoriesabouttheoriginsoffairiesincludecastingthemaseitherdemotedangelsordemonsinaChristiantradition,asdeitiesinPaganbeliefsystems,asspiritsofthedead,asprehistoricprecursorstohumans,orasspiritsofnature. Thelabeloffairyhasattimesappliedonlytospecificmagicalcreatureswithhumanappearance,magicalpowers,andapenchantfortrickery.Atothertimesithasbeenusedtodescribeanymagicalcreature,suchasgoblinsandgnomes.Fairyhasattimesbeenusedasanadjective,withameaningequivalentto"enchanted"or"magical".Itisalsousedasanamefortheplacethesebeingscomefrom,thelandofFairy. Arecurringmotifoflegendsaboutfairiesistheneedtowardofffairiesusingprotectivecharms.Commonexamplesofsuchcharmsincludechurchbells,wearingclothinginsideout,four-leaf clover,andfood.Fairieswerealsosometimesthoughttohauntspecificlocations,andtoleadtravelersastrayusingwill-o'-the-wisps.Beforetheadventofmodern medicine,fairieswereoftenblamedforsickness,particularlytuberculosisandbirthdeformities. Inadditiontotheirfolkloricorigins,fairieswereacommonfeatureofRenaissance literatureandRomantic art,andwereespeciallypopularintheUnited KingdomduringtheVictorianandEdwardianeras.TheCeltic RevivalalsosawfairiesestablishedasacanonicalpartofCelticculturalheritage. YouTubeEncyclopedic 1/1Views:6949732 Top5RealFairiesCaughtOnCamera&SpottedInRealLifeEvidence Transcription Contents 1 Etymology 2 Historical development 3 Descriptions 4 Origins 4.1 Demoted angels 4.2 Demoted pagan deities 4.3 Fairies as demons 4.4 Spirits of the dead 4.5 Hidden people 4.6 Elementals 5 Characteristics 6 Classifications 7 Changelings 8 Protective charms 9 Legends 9.1 Tuatha Dé Danann 9.2 Aos Sí 10 Scottish Sìthe 11 In literature 12 In visual art 13 See also 13.1 General 13.2 Popular culture 14 References 14.1 Citations 14.2 Bibliography 15 External links Etymology TheEnglishfairyderivesfromtheEarlyModernEnglishfaerie,meaning"realm of the fays".Faerie,inturn,derivesfromtheOld Frenchformfaierie,aderivationfromfaie(fromVulgar Latinfata,the fates),withtheabstract nounsuffix-erie. InOldFrenchromance,afaieorfeewasawomanskilledinmagic,andwhoknewthepowerandvirtueofwords,ofstones,andofherbs.[1] "Fairy"wasusedtorepresent:anillusionorenchantment;thelandoftheFaes;collectivelytheinhabitantsthereof;anindividualsuchasafairyknight.[1] FaiebecameModernEnglishfay,whilefaieriebecamefairy,butthisspellingalmostexclusivelyreferstooneindividual(thesamemeaningasfay).Inthesenseof"landwherefairiesdwell",archaicspellingsfaeryandfaeriearestillinuse. LatinatefayisnotrelatedtheGermanicfey(fromOldEnglishfǣġe),meaning"fatedtodie".[2]Yet,thisunrelatedGermanicword"fey"mayhavebeeninfluencedbyOldFrenchfae(fayorfairy)asthemeaninghadshiftedslightlyto"fated"fromtheearlier"doomed"or"accursed".[3] Variousfolkloretraditionsrefertofairieseuphemisticallyaswee folk,goodfolk,peopleofpeace,fairfolk(Welsh:Tylwyth Teg),etc.[4] Historicaldevelopment Thetermfairyissometimesusedtodescribeanymagicalcreature,includinggoblinsandgnomes,whileatothertimes,thetermdescribesonlyaspecifictypeofetherealcreatureorsprite.[5] HistoricaloriginsoffairiesrangefromvarioustraditionsfromPersian mythology[6]toEuropeanfolkloresuchasofBrythonic(Bretons,Welsh,Cornish),Gaelic(Irish,Scots,Manx),andGermanic peoples,andofMiddle Frenchmedieval romances. Accordingtosomehistorians,suchasBarthélemy d'Herbelot,fairieswereadoptedfromandinfluencedbytheperisofPersianmythology.[7]PeriswereangelicbeingsthatwerementionedinantiquityinPre-IslamicPersiaasearlyastheAchaemenid Empire.PeriswerelaterdescribedinvariousPersianworksingreatdetailsuchastheShahnamehbyFerdowsi.Aperiwasillustratedtobefair,beautiful,andextravagantnaturespiritsthatweresupportedbywings.ThismayhavepotentiallyinfluencedmigratoryGermanicandEurasiansettlersintoEurope,orbeentransmittedduringearlyexchanges.[8]ThesimilaritiescouldalsobeattributedtoasharedProto-Indo-Europeanmythology.[9] IntheMiddle Ages,fairiewasusedadjectivally,meaning"enchanted"(asinfairieknight,fairiequeene),butalsobecameagenerictermforvarious"enchanted"creaturesduringtheLate Middle Englishperiod.LiteratureoftheElizabethan eraconflatedelveswiththefairiesofRomanceculture,renderingthesetermssomewhatinterchangeable.Themodernconceptof"fairy"inthenarrowersenseisuniquetoEnglish folklore,latermadediminutiveinaccordancewithprevailingtastesoftheVictorian era,asin"fairy tales"forchildren. TheVictorian eraandEdwardian erasawaheightenedincreaseofinterestinfairies.TheCeltic RevivalcastfairiesaspartofIreland'sculturalheritage.CaroleSilversandotherssuggestedthisfascinationofEnglishantiquariansarosefromareactiontogreaterindustrializationandlossofolderfolkways.[10] Descriptions 1888illustrationbyLuis Ricardo Faleroofcommonmoderndepictionofafairywithbutterflywings Fairiesaregenerallydescribedashumaninappearanceandhavingmagicalpowers.Diminutivefairiesofvariouskindshavebeenreportedthroughcenturies,rangingfromquitetinytothesizeofahuman.[11]Thesesmallsizescouldbemagicallyassumed,ratherthanconstant.[12]Somesmallerfairiescouldexpandtheirfigurestoimitatehumans.[13]OnOrkney,fairiesweredescribedasshortinstature,dressedindarkgrey,andsometimesseeninarmour.[14]Insomefolklore,fairieshavegreeneyes.Somedepictionsoffairiesshowthemwithfootwear,othersasbarefoot.Wings,whilecommoninVictorianandlaterartworks,arerareinfolklore;fairiesflewbymeansofmagic,sometimesperchedonragwortstemsorthebacksofbirds.[15]Modernillustrationsoftenincludedragonflyorbutterflywings.[16] Origins Earlymodernfairiesdoesnotderivefromasingleorigin;thetermisaconflationofdisparateelementsfromfolk beliefsources,influencedbyliteratureandspeculation.InfolkloreofIreland,themythicaessídhe,or'peopleofthefairyhills',havecometoamodernmeaningsomewhatinclusiveoffairies.TheScandinavianelvesalsoservedasaninfluence.Folkloristsandmythologistshavevariouslydepictedfairiesas:theunworthydead,thechildrenofEve,akindofdemon,aspeciesindependentofhumans,anolderraceofhumans,andfallenangels.[17]ThefolkloristicormythologicalelementscombineCeltic,GermanicandGreco-Romanelements.Folkloristshavesuggestedthat'fairies'arosefromvariousearlierbeliefs,whichlostcurrencywiththeadventofChristianity.[18]Thesedisparateexplanationsarenotnecessarilyincompatible,as'fairies'maybetracedtomultiplesources. Demotedangels AChristiantenetheldthatfairieswereaclassof"demoted"angels.[19]Onestorydescribedagroupofangelsrevolting,andGodorderingthegatesofheavenshut;thosestillinheavenremainedangels,thoseinhellbecamedemons,andthosecaughtinbetweenbecamefairies.[20]Otherswrotethatsomeangels,notbeinggodlyenough,yetnotevilenoughforhell,werethrownoutofheaven.[21]Thisconceptmayexplainthetraditionofpayinga"teind"ortithetohell;asfallenangels,althoughnotquitedevils,theycouldbeviewedassubjectsofSatan.[22] Titlepageofa1603reprintingofDaemonologie King James,inhisdissertationDaemonologie,statedtheterm"faries"referredtoillusoryspirits(demonicentities)thatprophesiedto,consortedwith,andtransportedtheindividualstheyserved;inmedievaltimes,awitchorsorcererwhohadapactwithafamiliar spiritmightreceivetheseservices.[23] InEngland'sTheosophistcirclesofthe19thcentury,abeliefinthe"angelic"natureoffairieswasreported.[24]EntitiesreferredtoasDevasweresaidtoguidemanyprocessesofnature,suchasevolutionoforganisms,growthofplants,etc.,manyofwhichresidedinsidetheSun(SolarAngels).ThemoreEarthboundDevasincludednaturespirits,elementals,andfairies,[25]whichweredescribedasappearingintheformofcoloredflames,roughlythesizeofahuman.[26] Arthur Conan Doyle,inhis1922bookTheComingoftheFairies;TheTheosophicViewofFairies,reportedthateminenttheosophistE.L.Gardnerhadlikenedfairiestobutterflies,whosefunctionwastoprovideanessentiallinkbetweentheenergyofthesunandtheplantsofEarth,describingthemashavingnoclean-cutshape...small,hazy,andsomewhatluminouscloudsofcolourwithabrightersparkishnucleus."Thatgrowthofaplantwhichweregardasthecustomaryandinevitableresultofassociatingthethreefactorsofsun,seed,andsoilwouldnevertakeplaceifthefairybuilderswereabsent."[27] ForasimilarconceptinPersianmythology,seePeri. Demotedpagandeities Atonetimeitwasthoughtthatfairieswereoriginallyworshipedasdeities,suchasnymphsandtreespirits,[28]andwiththeburgeoningpredominanceoftheChristian Church,reverenceforthesedeitiescarriedon,butinadwindlingstateofperceivedpower.ManydeprecateddeitiesofolderfolkloreandmythwererepurposedasfairiesinVictorianfiction(SeetheworksofW. B. Yeatsforexamples). Fairiesasdemons ArecordedChristianbeliefofthe17thcenturycastallfairiesasdemons.[29]ThisperspectivegrewmorepopularwiththeriseofPuritanismamongtheReformed ChurchofEngland(See:Anglicanism).[30]Thehobgoblin,onceafriendlyhouseholdspirit,becameclassedasawickedgoblin.[31]Dealingwithfairieswasconsideredaformofwitchcraft,andpunishedassuch.[32]InWilliam Shakespeare'sA Midsummer Night's Dream,Oberon,kingofthefaeries,statesthatneitherhenorhiscourtfearthechurchbells,whichtherenownedauthorandChristianapologistC. S. Lewiscastasapoliticdisassociationfromfaeries.[33] Inaneraofintellectualandreligiousupheaval,someVictorianreappraisalsofmythologycastdeitiesingeneralasmetaphorsfornaturalevents,[34]whichwaslaterrefutedbyotherauthors(See:The Triumph of the Moon,byRonald Hutton).Thiscontentiousenvironmentofthoughtcontributedtothemodernmeaningof'fairies'. Spiritsofthedead Onebeliefheldthatfairieswerespiritsofthedead.[35]Thisderivedfrommanyfactorscommoninvariousfolkloreandmyths:sameorsimilartalesofbothghostsandfairies;theIrishsídhe,originoftheirtermforfairies,wereancientburialmounds;deemeddangeroustoeatfoodinFairylandandHades;thedeadandfairiesdepictedaslivingunderground.[36]Diane Purkissobservedanequatingoffairieswiththeuntimelydeadwholeft"unfinishedlives".[37]Onetalerecountedamancaughtbythefairies,whofoundthatwheneverhelookedsteadilyatafairy,itappearedasadeadneighborofhis.[38]Thistheorywasamongthemorecommontraditionsrelated,althoughmanyinformantsalsoexpresseddoubts.[39] Hiddenpeople IllustrationofafairybyC. E. Brock Thereisanoutdatedtheorythatfairyfolkloreevolvedfromfolkmemoriesofaprehistoricrace:newcomerssupersededabodyofearlierhumanorhumanoidpeoples,andthememoriesofthisdefeatedracedevelopedintomodernconceptionsoffairies.Proponentsfindsupportinthetraditionofcoldironasacharmagainstfairies,viewedasaculturalmemoryofinvaderswithironweaponsdisplacingpeopleswhohadjuststone,bone,wood,etc.,attheirdisposal,andwereeasilydefeated.19th-centuryarchaeologistsuncoveredundergroundroomsintheOrkneyislandsthatresembledtheElflanddescribedinChilde Rowland,[40]whichlentadditionalsupport.Infolklore,flintarrowheadsfromtheStone Agewereattributedtothefairiesas"elfshot",[41]whiletheirgreenclothingandundergroundhomesspoketoaneedforcamouflageandcovertshelterfromhostilehumans,theirmagicanecessaryskillforcombatingthosewithsuperiorweaponry.InaVictoriantenetofevolution,mythiccannibalismamongogreswasattributedtomemoriesofmoresavageraces,practisingalongside"superior"racesofmorerefinedsensibilities.[42] Elementals Atheorythatfairies,etal.,wereintelligentspecies,distinctfromhumansandangels.[43]Analchemist,Paracelsus,classedgnomesandsylphsaselementals,meaningmagicalentitieswhopersonifyaparticularforceofnature,andexertpowersovertheseforces.[44]Folkloreaccountshavedescribedfairiesas"spiritsoftheair".[45] Characteristics Muchfolkloreoffairiesinvolvesmethodsofprotectingoneselffromtheirmalice,bymeanssuchascoldiron,charms(seeamulet,talisman)ofrowantreesorvariousherbs,orsimplyshunninglocations"known"tobetheirs,ergoavoidingoffendinganyfairies.[46]Lessharmfulpranksascribedtofairiesinclude:tanglingthehairofsleepersintofairy-locks(akaelf-locks),stealingsmallitems,andleadingatravelerastray.Moredangerousbehaviorswerealsoattributedtofairies;anyformofsuddendeathmighthavestemmedfromafairykidnapping,theevidentcorpseamagicalreplicaofwood.[47]Consumption(tuberculosis)wassometimesblamedonfairieswhoforcedyoungmenandwomentodanceatrevelseverynight,causingthemtowasteawayfromlackofrest.[48]Rowantreeswereconsideredsacredtofairies,[49]andacharmtreetoprotectone'shome.[50] Classifications Mainarticle:Classifications of fairies InScottish folklore,fairiesaredividedintotheSeelieCourt(morebeneficentlyinclined,butstilldangerous),andtheUnseelieCourt(moremalicious).WhilefairiesoftheSeelieCourtenjoyedplayinggenerallyharmlesspranksonhumans,thoseoftheUnseelieCourtoftenbroughtharmtohumansforentertainment.[41]Bothcouldbedangeroustohumansifoffended. Troopingfairiesreferstothosewhoappearingroupsandmightformsettlements,asopposedtosolitaryfairies,whodonotliveorassociatewithothersoftheirkind.Inthiscontext,thetermfairyisusuallyheldinawidersense,includingvarioussimilarbeings,suchasdwarvesandelvesofGermanic folklore.[51] Changelings Mainarticle:Changeling Aconsiderableamountofloreaboutfairiesrevolvesaroundchangelings,fairiesleftintheplaceofstolenhumans.[10]Inparticular,folkloredescribeshowtopreventthefairiesfromstealingbabiesandsubstitutingchangelings,andabductingolderpeopleaswell.[52]Thethemeoftheswappedchildiscommoninmedievalliteratureandreflectsconcernoverinfantsthoughttobeafflictedwithunexplaineddiseases,disorders,ordevelopmentaldisabilities.Inpre-industrialEurope,apeasantfamily'ssubsistencefrequentlydependedupontheproductivelaborofeachmember,andapersonwhowasapermanentdrainonthefamily'sscarceresourcescouldposeathreattothesurvivaloftheentirefamily.[53] Protectivecharms Intermsofprotectivecharms,wearingclothinginsideout,[54]churchbells,St. John's wort,andfour-leaf cloversareregardedaseffective.InNewfoundlandfolklore,themostpopulartypeoffairyprotectionisbread,varyingfromstalebreadtohard tackorasliceoffreshhomemadebread.Breadisassociatedwiththehomeandthehearth,aswellaswithindustryandthetamingofnature,andassuch,seemstobedislikedbysometypesoffairies.Ontheotherhand,inmuchoftheCeltic folklore,bakedgoodsareatraditionalofferingtothefolk,asarecreamandbutter.[24]"Theprototypeoffood,andthereforeasymboloflife,breadwasoneofthecommonestprotectionsagainstfairies.Beforegoingoutintoafairy-hauntedplace,itwascustomarytoputapieceofdrybreadinone'spocket."[55]InCounty Wexford,Ireland,in1882,itwasreportedthat:"ifaninfantiscarriedoutafterdarkapieceofbreadiswrappedinitsbibordress,andthisprotectsitfromanywitchcraftorevil."[56] Bellsalsohaveanambiguousrole;whiletheyprotectagainstfairies,thefairiesridingonhorseback —suchasthefairyqueen —oftenhavebellsontheirharness.ThismaybeadistinguishingtraitbetweentheSeelie CourtfromtheUnseelieCourt,suchthatfairiesusethemtoprotectthemselvesfrommorewickedmembersoftheirrace.[57]Anotherambiguouspieceoffolklorerevolvesaboutpoultry:acock'scrowdroveawayfairies,butothertalesrecountfairieskeepingpoultry.[58] Whilemanyfairieswillconfusetravelersonthepath,thewill-o'-the-wispcanbeavoidedbynotfollowingit.Certainlocations,knowntobehauntsoffairies,aretobeavoided;C. S. Lewisreportedhearingofacottagemorefearedforitsreportedfairiesthanitsreportedghost.[59]Inparticular,digginginfairyhillswasunwise.Paths that the fairies travelarealsowisetoavoid.Home-ownershaveknockedcornersfromhousesbecausethecornerblockedthefairypath,[60]andcottageshavebeenbuiltwiththefrontandbackdoorsinline,sothattheownerscould,inneed,leavethembothopenandletthefairiestroopthroughallnight.[61]Locationssuchasfairy fortswereleftundisturbed;evencuttingbrushonfairyfortswasreputedtobethedeathofthosewhoperformedtheact.[62]Fairytrees,suchasthorntrees,weredangeroustochopdown;onesuchtreewasleftaloneinScotland,thoughitpreventedaroadfrombeingwidenedforseventyyears.[63] Aresinstatueofafairy Otheractionswerebelievedtooffendfairies.Brownieswereknowntobedrivenoffbybeinggivenclothing,thoughsomefolktalesrecountedthattheywereoffendedbytheinferiorqualityofthegarmentsgiven,andothersmerelystatedit,someevenrecountingthatthebrowniewasdelightedwiththegiftandleftwithit.[64]Otherbrownieslefthouseholdsorfarmsbecausetheyheardacomplaint,oracompliment.[65]Peoplewhosawthefairieswereadvisednottolookclosely,becausetheyresentedinfringementsontheirprivacy.[66]Theneedtonotoffendthemcouldleadtoproblems:onefarmerfoundthatfairiesthreshedhiscorn,butthethreshingcontinuedafterallhiscornwasgone,andheconcludedthattheywerestealingfromhisneighbors,leavinghimthechoicebetweenoffendingthem,dangerousinitself,andprofitingbythetheft.[67] MillerswerethoughtbytheScotstobe"nocanny",owingtotheirabilitytocontroltheforcesofnature,suchasfireinthekiln,waterintheburn,andforbeingabletosetmachinerya-whirring.Superstitiouscommunitiessometimesbelievedthatthemillermustbeinleaguewiththefairies.InScotland,fairieswereoftenmischievousandtobefeared.Noonedaredtosetfootinthemillorkilnatnight,asitwasknownthatthefairiesbroughttheircorntobemilledafterdark.Solongasthelocalsbelievedthis,themillercouldsleepsecureintheknowledgethathisstoreswerenotbeingrobbed.JohnFraser,themillerofWhitehill,claimedtohavehiddenandwatchedthefairiestryingunsuccessfullytoworkthemill.Hesaidhedecidedtocomeoutofhidingandhelpthem,uponwhichoneofthefairywomengavehimagowpen(doublehandfulofmeal)andtoldhimtoputitinhisemptygirnal(store),sayingthatthestorewouldremainfullforalongtime,nomatterhowmuchhetookout.[68] Itisalsobelievedthattoknowthenameofaparticularfairy,apersoncouldsummonitandforceittodotheirbidding.Thenamecouldbeusedasaninsulttowardsthefairyinquestion,butitcouldalsorathercontradictorilybeusedtograntpowersandgiftstotheuser.[citation needed] Beforetheadventofmodernmedicine,manyphysiologicalconditionswereuntreatableandwhenchildrenwerebornwithabnormalities,itwascommontoblamethefairies.[69] Legends Sometimesfairiesaredescribedasassumingtheguiseofananimal.[70]InScotland,itwaspeculiartothefairywomentoassumetheshapeofdeer;whilewitchesbecamemice,hares,cats,gulls,orblacksheep.In"TheLegendofKnockshigowna",inordertofrightenafarmerwhopasturedhisherdonfairyground,afairyqueentookontheappearanceofagreathorse,withthewingsofaneagle,andataillikeadragon,hissingloudandspittingfire.Thenshewouldchangeintoalittlemanlameofaleg,withabull'shead,andalambentflameplayingroundit.[71] Inthe19th-centurychild ballad"Lady Isabel and the Elf-Knight",theelf-knightisaBluebeardfigure,andIsabelmusttrickandkillhimtopreserveherlife.[72]Thechildballad"Tam Lin"revealsthatthetitlecharacter,thoughlivingamongthefairiesandhavingfairypowers,was,infact,an"earthlyknight"andthoughhislifewaspleasantnow,hefearedthatthefairieswouldpayhimastheirteind(tithe)tohell.[72] "Sir Orfeo"tellshowSirOrfeo'swifewaskidnappedbytheKingofFaerieandonlybytrickeryandanexcellentharpingabilitywasheabletowinherback."SirDegare"narratesthetaleofawomanovercomebyherfairylover,whoinlaterversionsofthestoryisunmaskedasamortal."Thomas the Rhymer"showsThomasescapingwithlessdifficulty,buthespendssevenyearsinElfland.[73]OisínisharmednotbyhisstayinFaeriebutbyhisreturn;whenhedismounts,thethreecenturiesthathavepassedcatchupwithhim,reducinghimtoanagedman.[74]KingHerla(O.E."Herlacyning"),originallyaguiseofWodenbutlaterChristianisedasakinginatalebyWalter Map,wassaid,byMap,tohavevisitedadwarf'sundergroundmansionandreturnedthreecenturieslater;althoughonlysomeofhismencrumbledtodustondismounting,Herlaandhismenwhodidnotdismountweretrappedonhorseback,thisbeingoneaccountoftheoriginoftheWild HuntofEuropean folklore.[75][76] Acommonfeatureofthefairiesistheuseofmagictodisguisetheirappearance.Fairygoldisnotoriouslyunreliable,appearingasgoldwhenpaidbutsoonthereafterrevealingitselftobeleaves,gorseblossoms,gingerbreadcakes,oravarietyofothercomparativelyworthlessthings.[77] Theseillusionsarealsoimplicitinthetalesoffairy ointment.ManytalesfromNorthern Europe[78][79]tellofamortalwomansummonedtoattendafairybirth—sometimesattendingamortal,kidnappedwoman'schildbed.Invariably,thewomanisgivensomethingforthechild'seyes,usuallyanointment;throughmischance,orsometimescuriosity,sheusesitononeorbothofherowneyes.Atthatpoint,sheseeswheresheis;onemidwiferealizesthatshewasnotattendingagreatladyinafinehousebutherownrunawaymaid-servantinawretchedcave.Sheescapeswithoutmakingherabilityknownbutsoonerorlaterbetraysthatshecanseethefairies.Sheisinvariablyblindedinthateyeorinbothifsheusedtheointmentonboth.[80] Therehavebeenclaimsbypeopleinthepast,likeWilliam Blake,tohaveseenfairyfunerals.Allan CunninghaminhisLivesofEminentBritishPaintersrecordsthatWilliamBlakeclaimedtohaveseenafairyfuneral: 'Didyoueverseeafairy'sfuneral,madam?'saidBlaketoaladywhohappenedtositnexttohim.'Never,sir!'saidthelady.'Ihave,'saidBlake,'butnotbeforelastnight.'Andhewentontotellhow,inhisgarden,hehadseen'aprocessionofcreaturesofthesizeandcolourofgreenandgreygrasshoppers,bearingabodylaidoutonarose-leaf,whichtheyburiedwithsongs,andthendisappeared.'Theyarebelievedtobeanomenofdeath. TuathaDéDanann Mainarticle:Tuatha Dé Danann TheTuathaDéDanannarearaceofsupernaturally-giftedpeopleinIrishmythology.Theyarethoughttorepresentthemaindeitiesofpre-ChristianIreland.ManyoftheIrishmoderntalesoftheTuatha Dé Danannrefertothesebeingsasfairies,thoughinmoreancienttimestheywereregardedasgoddessesandgods.TheTuathaDéDanannwerespokenofashavingcomefromislandsinthenorthoftheworldor,inothersources,fromthesky.Afterbeingdefeatedinaseriesofbattleswithotherotherworldlybeings,andthenbytheancestorsofthecurrentIrish people,theyweresaidtohavewithdrawntothesídhe(fairymounds),wheretheylivedoninpopularimaginationas"fairies".[citation needed] TheyareassociatedwithseveralOtherworldrealmsincludingMag Mell(thePleasantPlain),Emain Ablach(theplaceofapples)),andTir na nÓg(theLandofYouth). AosSí Mainarticle:Aos Sí TheaossíistheIrishtermforasupernaturalraceinIrish,comparabletothefairiesorelves.Theyarevariouslysaidtobeancestors,thespiritsofnature,orgoddessesandgods.[81]AcommonthemefoundamongtheCelticnationsdescribesaraceofpeoplewhohadbeendrivenoutbyinvadinghumans.InoldCelticfairyloretheAos Sí(peopleofthefairymounds)areimmortalslivingintheancientbarrowsandcairns.TheIrishbanshee(Irish Gaelicbeansíwhichmeans"womanofthefairymound")issometimesdescribedasaghost.[82] ScottishSìthe Inthe1691TheSecretCommonwealthofElves,FaunsandFairies,ReverendRobert Kirk,ministeroftheParishofAberfoyle, Stirling,Scotland,wrote: TheseSithsorFairiestheycallSleaghMaithortheGoodPeople...aresaidtobeofmiddlenaturebetweenManandAngel,aswereDaemonsthoughttobeofold;ofintelligentfluidousSpirits,andlightchangeablebodies(lykethosecalledAstral)somewhatofthenatureofacondensedcloud,andbestseenintwilight.ThesebodiesbesopliablethroughthesubletyofSpiritsthatagitatethem,thattheycanmakethemappearordisappearatpleasure[83] Inliterature PrinceArthurandtheFaerie QueenebyJohann Heinrich Füssli(c.1788);scenefromTheFaerieQueene Theword"fairy"wasusedtodescribeanindividualinhabitantofFaeriebeforethetimeofChaucer.[1] Fairiesappearedinmedieval romancesasoneofthebeingsthataknight errantmightencounter.AfairyladyappearedtoSir Launfalanddemandedhislove;likethefairybrideofordinaryfolklore,sheimposedaprohibitiononhimthatintimeheviolated.Sir Orfeo'swifewascarriedoffbytheKingofFaerie.Huon of BordeauxisaidedbyKingOberon.[84]Thesefairycharactersdwindledinnumberasthemedievaleraprogressed;thefiguresbecamewizardsandenchantresses.[85] TheoldestfairiesonrecordinEnglandwerefirstdescribedbythehistorianGervaseofTilburyinthe13thcentury.[86] Inthe1485bookLe Morte d'Arthur,Morgan le Fay,whoseconnectiontotherealmofFaerieisimpliedinhername,isawomanwhosemagicpowersstemfromstudy.[87]Whilesomewhatdiminishedwithtime,fairiesnevercompletelyvanishedfromthetradition.Sir Gawain and the Green Knightisa14th-centurytale,buttheGreenKnighthimselfisanotherworldlybeing.[85]Edmund Spenserfeaturedfairiesinhis1590bookThe Faerie Queene.[88]Inmanyworksoffiction,fairiesarefreelymixedwiththenymphsandsatyrsofclassicaltradition,[89]whileinothers(e.g.,Lamia),theywereseenasdisplacingtheClassicalbeings.15th-centurypoetandmonkJohn LydgatewrotethatKing Arthurwascrownedin"thelandofthefairy"andtakeninhisdeathbyfourfairyqueens,toAvalon,whereheliesundera"fairyhill"untilheisneededagain.[90] TheQuarrelofOberonandTitaniabyJoseph Noel Paton(1849):fairiesinShakespeare FairiesappearassignificantcharactersinWilliam Shakespeare'sA Midsummer Night's Dream,whichissetsimultaneouslyinthewoodlandandintherealmofFairyland,underthelightoftheMoon[91]andinwhichadisturbanceofnaturecausedbyafairydisputecreatestensionunderlyingtheplotandinformingtheactionsofthecharacters.AccordingtoMauriceHunt,ChairoftheEnglishDepartmentatBaylorUniversity,theblurringoftheidentitiesoffantasyandrealitymakespossible"thatpleasing,narcoticdreaminessassociatedwiththefairiesoftheplay".[92] Shakespeare'scontemporaryMichael DraytonfeaturesfairiesinhisNimphidia,andfromthesestemAlexander Pope'ssylphsofthe1712poemThe Rape of the Lock.Inthemid-17thcenturytheFrenchliterarystyleprécieusestookuptheoraltraditionofsuchtalestowritefairy tales,andMadame d'Aulnoyinventedthetermcontesdefée("fairytale").[93]Whilethetalestoldbytheprécieusesincludedmanyfairies,theywerelesscommoninothercountries'tales;indeed,theBrothers GrimmincludedfairiesintheirfirsteditionbutdecidedthiswasnotauthenticallyGermanandalteredthelanguageinlatereditions,changingeachFee("fairy")toanenchantressorwisewoman.[94]J. R. R. TolkiendescribedthesetalesastakingplaceinthelandofFaerie.[95]Additionally,notallfolktalesthatfeaturefairiesaregenerallycategorizedasfairytales. ThemoderndepictionoffairieswasshapedintheliteratureofRomanticismduringtheVictorian era.WriterssuchasWalter ScottandJames Hoggwereinspiredbyfolklorewhichfeaturedfairies,suchastheBorder ballads.Thiserasawanincreaseinthepopularityofcollectingfairyfolkloreandanincreaseinthecreationoforiginalworkswithfairycharacters.[96]InRudyard Kipling's1906bookofshortstoriesandpoems,Puck of Pook's Hill,PuckholdstoscornthemoralizingfairiesofotherVictorianworks.[97]Theperiodalsosawarevivalofolderthemesinfantasyliterature,suchasC.S.Lewis'sNarniabooks,which,whilefeaturingmanysuchclassicalbeingsasfaunsanddryads,minglesthemfreelywithhags,giants,andothercreaturesofthefolkloricfairytradition.[98]Victorianflower fairieswerepopularizedinpartbyQueen Mary'skeeninterestinfairyartandbyBritishillustratorandpoetCicely Mary Barker'sseriesofeightbookspublishedin1923through1948.Imageryoffairiesinliteraturebecameprettierandsmallerastimeprogressed.[99]Andrew Lang,complainingof"thefairiesofpolyanthusesandgardeniasandappleblossoms"intheintroductiontoThe Lilac Fairy Book(1910),observedthat:"Thesefairiestrytobefunny,andfail;ortheytrytopreach,andsucceed."[100] AstoryoftheoriginoffairiesappearsinachapteraboutPeter PaninJ. M. Barrie's1902novelThe Little White Bird,andwasincorporatedintohislaterworksaboutthecharacter.Barriewrote:"Whenthefirstbabylaughedforthefirsttime,hislaughbrokeintoamillionpieces,andtheyallwentskippingabout.Thatwasthebeginningoffairies."[101]FairiesareseeninNeverland,inPeter and Wendy,the1911novelversionofJ. M. Barrie'sfamousPeter Panstories,anditscharacterTinker Bellhasbecomeapopcultureicon.WhenPeterPanisguardingWendyfrompirates,thestorysays:"Afteratimehefellasleep,andsomeunsteadyfairieshadtoclimboverhimontheirwayhomefromanorgy.Anyoftheotherboysobstructingthefairypathatnighttheywouldhavemischiefed,buttheyjusttweakedPeter'snoseandpassedon."[102] Invisualart Seealso:Fairy painting AfairypicturedinthecoatofarmsofHaljala Parish Imagesoffairieshaveappearedasillustrations,ofteninbooksoffairy tales,aswellasinphotographicmediaandsculpture.SomeartistsknownfortheirdepictionsoffairiesincludeCicely Mary Barker,AmyBrown,DavidDelamare,Meredith Dillman,Gustave Doré,Brian Froud,Warwick Goble,Jasmine Becket-Griffith,Rebecca Guay,Florence Harrison,Kylie InGold,GretaJames,Alan Lee,Ida Rentoul Outhwaite,MyreaPettit,Arthur Rackham,Suza Scalora,andNene Thomas.[103] TheFairy Doors of Ann Arbor, MIaresmalldoorsinstalledintolocalbuildings.Localchildrenbelievethesearethefrontdoorsoffairyhouses,andinsomecases,smallfurniture,dishes,andvariousotherthingscanbeseenbeyondthedoors. TheVictorian erawasparticularlynotedforfairypaintings.TheVictorianpainterRichard Daddcreatedpaintingsoffairy-folkwithasinisterandmaligntone.OtherVictorianartistswhodepictedfairiesincludeJohn Anster Fitzgerald,John Atkinson Grimshaw,Daniel Maclise,andJoseph Noel Paton.[104]Interestinfairy-themedartenjoyedabriefrenaissancefollowingthepublicationoftheCottingley Fairiesphotographsin1917,andanumberofartiststurnedtopaintingfairythemes.[citation needed] Seealso General Fairy godmother Tooth fairy Fairy ring § Cultural references Fairy Investigation Society Popularculture Donas de fuera–Sicilianfairy-likefolkloreandwitchtrials List of fairy and sprite characters Artemis Fowl,bookseries Carnival Row,TVseries The Chronicles of Prydain,bookseries Disney Fairies,multimediafranchise The Dresden Files,bookseries The Fairly OddParents,animatedTVseries A Little Snow Fairy Sugar,anime Lost Girl,TVseries Rainbow Magic,bookseries Smile PreCure!,anime The Spiderwick Chronicles,bookseries Supernatural,TVseries True Blood,TVseries Winx Club,animatedTVseries References Citations ^abcKready,Laura(1916).A Study of Fairy Tales.Boston:HoughtonMifflinCompany. ^"fey".OnlineEtymologyDictionary. ^"Definition of "fey"".Dictionary.com. ^Briggs, Katharine Mary(1976)."Euphemisticnamesforfairies".An Encyclopedia of Fairies.NewYork:PantheonBooks.p. 127.ISBN 0-394-73467-X. ^Briggs(1976)–TheFairiesinEnglishTraditionandLiteraturep.xi. ^Keightley,Thomas(1828).The Fairy Mythology.W.H.Ainsworth.ISBN 978-0-384-29010-5. ^Warton,Thomas(2001).Spenser's Faerie Queene: Observations on the Fairy queen of Spenser. pt. 1.Taylor&Francis.ISBN 978-0-415-21958-7. ^Warton,Thomas(2001).Spenser's Faerie Queene: Observations on the Fairy queen of Spenser. pt. 1.Taylor&Francis.ISBN 978-0-415-21958-7. ^Keightley,Thomas(1828).The Fairy Mythology.W.H.Ainsworth.ISBN 978-0-384-29010-5. ^abSilver,CaroleB.(1999)StrangeandSecretPeoples:FairiesandVictorianConsciousness.OxfordUniversityPress.p.47ISBN 0-19-512199-6. ^Briggs(1976)p.98. ^Yeats(1988)p.2. ^WilliamGodwin(1876)."Lives of the Necromancers".p. 20. ^"Orkneyjar – Descriptions of the Fairy Folk". ^Briggs(1976)p.148. ^Briggs(1976),TheFairiesinEnglishTraditionandLiterature,p.249. ^Lewis, C. S.(1994).TheDiscardedImage:AnIntroductiontoMedievalandRenaissanceLiterature.CambridgeUniversityPress.p. 122.ISBN 0-521-47735-2. ^Yeats, W. B.(1988)."FairyandFolkTalesoftheIrishPeasantry".ATreasuryofIrishMyth,Legend,andFolklore.Gramercy.p. 1.ISBN 0-517-48904-X. ^Lewis(1994)pp.135–36. ^Briggs(1976)p.319. ^Yeats(1988)pp.9–10. ^Briggs(1967)p.9. ^KingJames(1597).Daemonologie. ^abEvans-Wentz, W. Y.(1990)[1966].TheFairy-FaithinCelticCountries.NewYork:Citadel.pp. 167,243,457.ISBN 0-8065-1160-5. ^Hodson,Geoffrey(2003).KingdomoftheGods.ISBN 0-7661-8134-0. ^"Hodson's Pictures".August20,2004.Archivedfromthe originalonAugust20,2004. ^Doyle, Arthur Conan(1922).The Coming of the Fairies.London:Hodder&Stoughton. ^"Trees in Mythology".Mythencyclopedia.com.2007-02-19.Retrieved2014-05-11. ^Lewis(1994)p.137. ^Briggs(1976)"Originsoffairies"p.320. ^Briggs(1976)p.223. ^Briggs(1976)"Trafficwithfairies"and"Troopingfairies"pp.409–12. ^Lewis(1994)p.138. ^Silver(1999)p.44. ^Lewis(1994)p.136. ^Silver(1999)pp.40–41. ^"'The king o fairy with his rout': Fairy Magic in the Literature of Late Medieval Britain–By Hannah Priest".September8,2011. ^Briggs(1967)p.15. ^Briggs(1967)p.141. ^Yolen,Jane(2000)TouchMagic.p.49ISBN 0-87483-591-7. ^abFroud,BrianandLee,Alan(1978)Faeries.NewYork,PeacockPressISBN 0-553-01159-6. ^Silver(1999)p.45. ^Lewis(1994)p.134. ^Silver(1999)p.38. ^Briggs(1967)p.146. ^Briggs1(1976)pp.335,36. ^Briggs1(1976)p.25. ^Briggs1(1976)p.80. ^"The King of Ireland's Son: The House of Crom Duv: The Story of the Fairy Rowan Tree".www.sacred-texts.com. ^TreesforLife:Mythology and Folklore of the RowanArchived2003-12-04attheWayback Machine ^Briggs(1976)"Trafficwithfairies"and"Troopingfairies"pp.409–12. ^Briggs(1976)p.25. ^Ashliman, D.L."Changelings".University of Pittsburgh. ^"Protect your property and yourself – make a Parshell – World Cultures European". ^Briggs(1976)p.41. ^Opie, IonaandTatem,Moira(eds)(1989)ADictionaryofSuperstitionsOxford University Press.p.38. ^Briggs(1976)"Bells"p.20. ^Briggs(1967)p.74. ^Lewis(1994)p.125. ^Silver(1999)p.155. ^Lenihan,EddieandGreen,CarolynEve(2004)MeetingTheOtherCrowd:TheFairyStoriesofHiddenIreland.pp.146–47ISBN 1-58542-206-1. ^Lenihan(2004)p.125. ^Silver(1999)p.152. ^Briggs(1976)"Brownies"p.46. ^Briggs(1967)p.34. ^Briggs(1976)"Infringementoffairyprivacy"p.233. ^Briggs(1976)"Fairymorality"p.115. ^Gauldie,E.(1981)TheScottishMiller1700–1900.Edinburgh,JohnMcDonald.p.187. ^Eason,Cassandra(2008)."Fabulous creatures, mythical monsters and animal power symbols".Fabulouscreatures,mythicalmonsters,andanimalpowersymbols:ahandbook.pp. 147,148.ISBN 9780275994259.Retrieved11May2013. ^Briggs,K.M.(1967)TheFairiesinEnglishTraditionandLiterature.Chicago,UniversityofChicagoPress.p.71. ^"Fairy Legends and Traditions: The Legend of Knocksheogowna".www.sacred-texts.com. ^abChild,FrancisTheEnglishandScottishPopularBallads. ^"The Child Ballads: 37. Thomas Rymer".Sacred-texts.com.Retrieved2012-08-15. ^Briggs(1967)p.104. ^Briggs(1967)pp.50–51. ^DeNugisCurialliumbyWalterMap,EditedbyF.Tupper&M.BOgle(Chatto&Windus,London1924) ^Lenihan(2004)pp.109–10. ^NorthumberlandFolkTales,byRosalindKerven(2005)AntonyRoweLtd,p.532. ^Narváez,Peter(1997)The Good People: New Fairylore Essays.UniversityPressofKentucky.p.126 ^Briggs(1976)"Fairyointment"p.156. ^Evans Wentz, W. Y.(1966,1990)The Fairy-Faith in Celtic Countries.GerrardsCross,ColinSmytheHumanitiesPressISBN 0-901072-51-6 ^Briggs(1976)p.15. ^Kirk,Robert;Lang,Andrew(28December2007)."1.Ofthesubterraneaninhabitants".The Secret Commonwealth of Elves, Fauns and Fairies.EasyReadingSeries.Aberfoyle,Scotland:ForgottenBooks.p. 39.ISBN 978-1-60506-185-6.Retrieved30April2010. ^Lewis(1994)pp.129–30. ^abBriggs(1976)."Fairiesinmedievalromances".p.132. ^"The Origins and History of Fairies". ^Briggs(1976)MorganLeFayp.303. ^Briggs(1976)FaerieQueen,p.130. ^Briggs(1967)p.174. ^TheIllustratedEncyclopediaofFairies,AnnaFranklin,SterlingPublishingCompany,2004,p.18. ^Shakespeare,William(1979).HaroldF.Brooks(ed.).TheArdenShakespeare"AMidsummerNight'sDream".Methuen&Co.Ltd.cxxv.ISBN 0-415-02699-7. ^Hunt,Maurice."IndividuationinAMidsummerNight'sDream".SouthCentralReview3.2(Summer1986):1–13. ^Zipes,Jack(2000)TheGreatFairyTaleTradition:FromStraparolaandBasiletotheBrothersGrimm.W.W.Norton.p.858ISBN 0-393-97636-X. ^Tatar,Maria(2003)TheHardFactsoftheGrimms'FairyTales.PrincetonUniversityPress.p.31ISBN 0-691-06722-8. ^Tolkien,J.R.R."OnFairy-Stories",TheTolkienReader,pp.10–11. ^Briggs,(1967)pp.165–67. ^Briggs(1967)p.203. ^Briggs(1967)p.209. ^"Lewispp.129–30". ^Lang,AndrewPreface The Lilac Fairy Book. ^J.M.Barrie,PeterPaninKensingtonGardensandPeterandWendy,OxfordPress,1999,p.32. ^J.M.Barrie,PeterPaninKensingtonGardensaswellPeterandWendy,OxfordPress,1999,p.132. ^Gates,David(November29,1999)."Nothing Here But Kid Stuff".Newsweek.Retrieved2009-08-19. ^Windling, Terri(2006-11-11)."Victorian Fairy Paintings".endicott-studio.com.Archivedfromtheoriginalon2006-11-11.{{cite web}}:CS1maint:unfitURL(link) Bibliography D. L. Ashliman,FairyLore:AHandbook(Greenwood,2006) Brian FroudandAlan Lee,Faeries(PeacockPress/Bantam,NewYork,1978) NicolaBown,FairiesinNineteenth-CenturyLiteratureandArt(Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,2001) Katharine Briggs,ADictionaryofFairies:Hobgoblings,Brownies,Bogies,andotherSupernaturalCreatures(Bungay:Penguin,1977) Katharine Briggs,TheFairiesinTraditionandLiterature,2ndedition(London:Routledge,2020) RonanCoghlanHandbookofFairies(CapallBann,2002) RichardFirthGreen,ElfQueensandHolyFriars:FairyBeliefsandtheMedievalChurch(Philadelphia:UniversityofPennsylvaniaPress,2016) Lizanne HendersonandEdwardJ.Cowan,ScottishFairyBelief:AHistory(Edinburgh,2001;2007) RonaldHutton,"TheMakingoftheEarlyModernBritishFairyTradition",HistoricalJournal57(4),1135–57 C. S. Lewis,The Discarded Image:AnIntroductiontoMedievalandRenaissanceLiterature(1964) HarmoniaSaille"WalkingtheFaeryPathway",(OBooks,London,2010) PatriciaLysaght,TheBanshee:theIrishSupernaturalDeathMessenger(GlendalePress,Dublin,1986) PeterNarvaez,TheGoodPeople,NewFairyloreEssays(Garland,NewYork,1991) EvaPocs,FairiesandWitchesattheboundaryofsouth-easternandcentralEuropeFFCno243(Helsinki,1989) Joseph Ritson,FairyTales,NowFirstCollected:Towhichareprefixedtwodissertations:1.OnPygmies.2.OnFairies,London,1831 DianePurkiss,TroublesomeThings:AHistoryofFairiesandFairyStories(AllenLane,2000) CaroleG.Silver,StrangeandSecretPeoples:FairiesandVictorianConsciousness(Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress,1999) Tomkinson,JohnL.Haunted Greece: Nymphs, Vampires and other Exotika,(Anagnosis,2004)ISBN 960-88087-0-7 Externallinks WikimediaCommonshasmediarelatedtoFairies. Wikiquotehasquotationsrelatedto:Fairies ThedictionarydefinitionoffairyatWiktionary MediarelatedtoFairiesatWikimediaCommons FairiesonIn Our TimeattheBBC Audio recording of a Scandinavian folktale explaining fairy origins(streaminganddownloadableformats) Audio recording of a traditional fairy story from Newfoundland, Canada(streaminganddownloadableformats) vteFairiesinfolkloreClassifications of fairiesRelatedarticles Changeling Fairy godmother Fairy-locks Fairy painting Fairy riding Fairy tale List Familiar Genius loci Household deity Hungry grass Nature spirit Tutelary deity Abodesandstructures Fairy fort Fairyland Fairy path Fairy ring Notableroyalfairies Aibell Clíodhna Erlking Fairy Queen Finvarra Gwyn ap Nudd Joan the Wad Morgan le Fay Nicnevin/Gyre-Carling Oberon Queen of Elphame Queen Mab Sebile Titania AttestedfairiesA-E Adhene Alp Luachra Anjana Aos Sí (Aes Sídhe) Arkan Sonney Asrai Baobhan sith Banshee Barghest Bean nighe Billy Blind Biróg Bloody Bones Bluecap Blue men of the Minch Bodach Boggart Bogle Boobrie Brag Brownie Brown Man of the Muirs Bucca Buggane Bugbear Bugul Noz Caoineag Cat sìth Cù Sìth Ceffyl Dŵr Clurichaun Coblynau Cyhyraeth Drude Duende Duergar Dullahan Each-uisge Elf Alp Dökkálfar and Ljósálfar Elegast Huldufólk Svartálfar F-L Fachan Fear dearg Fear gorta Fenodyree Finfolk Fuath Gancanagh Ghillie Dhu Glaistig Glashtyn Groac'h Grindylow Gwragedd Annwn Gwyllion Gwyn ap Nudd Habetrot Hag Haltija The Hedley Kow Heinzelmännchen Hinzelmann Hob Hobbididance Hobgoblin Hödekin Iannic-ann-ôd Jack-o'-lantern Jack o' the bowl Jenny Greenteeth Joint-eater Kelpie Kilmoulis Knocker Knucker Kobold Klabautermann Korrigan Lady of the Lake Leanan sídhe Leprechaun Lubber fiend Lutin Ly Erg M-Z Mare Meg Mullach Melusine Merrow Mooinjer veggey Morgen Morvarc'h Moss people Nain Rouge Nelly Longarms Nicnevin Nisse Nixie Nuckelavee Nuggle Peg Powler Pixie Púca/Pwca Puck Rå Bergsrå Hulder Radande Sjörå Skogsrå Redcap Selkie Seonaidh Shellycoat Sluagh Spriggan Sprite/Water sprite Sylph Tomte Tooth fairy Trow Tylwyth Teg Undine Water bull Water horse Wicked fairy godmother Wight Will-o'-the-wisp Wirry-cow Xana Yan-gant-y-tan Fairy-likebeingsworldwideWorldwide Bogeyman Incubus/Succubus Little people Mermaid Africa Abatwa Asanbosam Aziza Bultungin Eloko Jengu Kishi Mami Wata Obayifo Rompo Tikoloshe Yumboes Americas Alux Anchimayen Axehandle hound Belled buzzard Canotila Chaneque Christmas elf Curupira Encantado Grey alien Ishigaq Jogah Muki Nimerigar Nûñnë'hï Pombero Pukwudgie Saci Trauco Yunwi Tsunsdi Asia Diwata Dokkaebi Fallen angel Fox spirit Hồ ly tinh Huli jing Huxian Inari Ōkami Kitsune Kumiho Hyang Irshi Jinn Kijimuna Korpokkur Mazzikin Mogwai Mrenh kongveal Orang bunian Tennin Yaksha/Yakshini Yōkai Ayakashi Mononoke Yōsei Oceania Bunyip Manaia Menehune Mimis Muldjewangk Nawao Patupaiarehe Taniwha Tipua Wandjina Yara-ma-yha-who EuropeBaltic Aitvaras Gabija Lauma Basque Basajaun Lamina Mairu BritishIsles Badb Black dog Gremlin Headless Horseman The Morrígan Tuatha Dé Danann Finnish Ajatar Haltija Hiisi Menninkäinen Germanic Dwarf Alberich King Goldemar Imp Perchta Troll Vittra Witte Wieven/Weiße Frauen Greek Circe Hecate Nymph List Pan Satyr Siren Romance Căpcăun Dames blanches Doñas de fuera Faun Iele Mouro Enchanted Moura Sânziană Spiriduș Squasc Vâlvă Vântoase Zână Slavic Bannik Berehynia Domovoi Karzełek Kikimora Leshy Likho Polevik Psotnik Rusalka Vila Vodyanoy Cross-cultural Christmas gift-bringer Santa Claus Companions of Fates Goblin Gnome Hippocampus Kallikantzaros Other Lidérc Ursitory Vadleany Seealso Category List of beings referred to as fairies Authority control: National libraries France(data) Germany Israel United States Thispagewaslasteditedon15March2022,at13:23 BasisofthispageisinWikipedia.TextisavailableundertheCCBY-SA3.0UnportedLicense.Non-textmediaareavailableundertheirspecifiedlicenses.Wikipedia®isaregisteredtrademarkoftheWikimediaFoundation,Inc.WIKI2isanindependentcompanyandhasnoaffiliationwithWikimediaFoundation. 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