Specials (Unicode block) - Wikipedia

U+FFFC  OBJECT REPLACEMENT CHARACTER, placeholder in the text for another unspecified object, for example in a compound document. U+FFFD REPLACEMENT ... Specials(Unicodeblock) FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch Unicodeblockcontainingsomespecialcodepointsandtwonon-characters UnicodecharacterblockSpecialsRangeU+FFF0..U+FFFF(16codepoints)PlaneBMPScriptsCommonAssigned5codepointsUnused9reservedcodepoints2non-charactersUnicodeversionhistory1.0.0(1991)1(+1)2.1(1998)2(+1)3.0(1999)5(+3) ChartCodechartNote:[1][2] SpecialsisashortUnicodeblockofcharactersallocatedattheveryendoftheBasicMultilingualPlane,atU+FFF0–FFFF.Ofthese16codepoints,fivehavebeenassignedsinceUnicode3.0: U+FFF9INTERLINEARANNOTATIONANCHOR,marksstartofannotatedtext U+FFFAINTERLINEARANNOTATIONSEPARATOR,marksstartofannotatingcharacter(s) U+FFFBINTERLINEARANNOTATIONTERMINATOR,marksendofannotationblock U+FFFCOBJECTREPLACEMENTCHARACTER,placeholderinthetextforanotherunspecifiedobject,forexampleinacompounddocument. U+FFFD�REPLACEMENTCHARACTERusedtoreplaceanunknown,unrecognized,orunrepresentablecharacter U+FFFEnotacharacter. U+FFFFnotacharacter. FFFEandFFFFarenotunassignedintheusualsense,butguaranteednottobeUnicodecharactersatall.Theycanbeusedtoguessatext'sencodingscheme,sinceanytextcontainingtheseisbydefinitionnotacorrectlyencodedUnicodetext.Unicode'sU+FEFFBYTEORDERMARKcharactercanbeinsertedatthebeginningofaUnicodetexttosignalitsendianness:aprogramreadingsuchatextandencountering0xFFFEwouldthenknowthatitshouldswitchthebyteorderforallthefollowingcharacters. ItsblocknameinUnicode1.0wasSpecial.[3] Contents 1Replacementcharacter 2Unicodechart 3History 4Seealso 5References Replacementcharacter[edit] Replacementcharacter Thereplacementcharacter�(oftendisplayedasablackrhombuswithawhitequestionmark)isasymbolfoundintheUnicodestandardatcodepointU+FFFDintheSpecialstable.Itisusedtoindicateproblemswhenasystemisunabletorenderastreamofdatatoacorrectsymbol.[4]Itisusuallyseenwhenthedataisinvalidanddoesnotmatchanycharacter: ConsideratextfilecontainingtheGermanwordfür(meaning'for')intheISO-8859-1encoding(0x660xFC0x72).ThisfileisnowopenedwithatexteditorthatassumestheinputisUTF-8.ThefirstandlastbytearevalidUTF-8encodingsofASCII,butthemiddlebyte(0xFC)isnotavalidbyteinUTF-8.Therefore,atexteditorcouldreplacethisbytewiththereplacementcharactersymboltoproduceavalidstringofUnicodecodepoints.Thewholestringnowdisplayslikethis:"f�r". ApoorlyimplementedtexteditormightsavethereplacementinUTF-8form;thetextfiledatawillthenlooklikethis:0x660xEF0xBF0xBD0x72,whichwillbedisplayedinISO-8859-1as"f�r"(thisiscalledmojibake).Sincethereplacementisthesameforallerrorsthismakesitimpossibletorecovertheoriginalcharacter.Abetter(buthardertoimplement)designistopreservetheoriginalbytes,includingtheerror,andonlyconverttothereplacementwhendisplayingthetext.Thiswillallowthetexteditortosavetheoriginalbytesequence,whilestillshowingtheerrorindicatortotheuser. Atonetimethereplacementcharacterwasoftenusedwhentherewasnoglyphavailableinafontforthatcharacter.However,mostmoderntextrenderingsystemsinsteaduseafont's.notdefcharacter,whichinmostcasesisanemptybox(or"?"or"X"inabox[5]),sometimescalleda"tofu"(thisbrowserdisplays􏿾).ThereisnoUnicodecodepointforthissymbol. Thusthereplacementcharacterisnowonlyseenforencodingerrors,suchasinvalidUTF-8.SomesoftwareattemptstohidethisbytranslatingthebytesofinvalidUTF-8tomatchingcharactersinWindows-1252(sincethatisthemostlikelysourceoftheseerrors),sothatthereplacementcharacterisneverseen. Unicodechart[edit] Specials[1][2][3]OfficialUnicodeConsortiumcodechart(PDF)   0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F U+FFFx IAA IAS IAT  � Notes 1.^AsofUnicodeversion15.0 2.^Greyareasindicatenon-assignedcodepoints 3.^Blackareasindicatenoncharacters(codepointsthatareguaranteednevertobeassignedasencodedcharactersintheUnicodeStandard) History[edit] ThefollowingUnicode-relateddocumentsrecordthepurposeandprocessofdefiningspecificcharactersintheSpecialsblock: Version Finalcodepoints[a] Count UTC ID L2 ID WG2 ID Document 1.0.0 U+FFFD 1 (tobedetermined) U+FFFE..FFFF 2 (tobedetermined) L2/01-295R Moore,Lisa(2001-11-06),"Motion88-M2",MinutesfromtheUTC/L2meeting#88 L2/01-355 N2369(html,doc) Davis,Mark(2001-09-26),RequesttoallowFFFF,FFFEinUTF-8inthetextofISO/IEC10646 L2/02-154 N2403 Umamaheswaran,V.S.(2002-04-22),"9.3AllowingFFFFandFFFEinUTF-8",DraftminutesofWG2meeting41,HotelPhoenix,Singapore,2001-10-15/19 2.1 U+FFFC 1 UTC/1995-056 Sargent,Murray(1995-12-06),RecommendationtoencodeaWCH_EMBEDDINGcharacter UTC/1996-002 Aliprand,Joan;Hart,Edwin;Greenfield,Steve(1996-03-05),"EmbeddedObjects",UTC#67Minutes N1365 Sargent,Murray(1996-03-18),ProposalSummary–ObjectReplacementCharacter N1353 Umamaheswaran,V.S.;Ksar,Mike(1996-06-25),"8.14",DraftminutesofWG2CopenhagenMeeting#30 L2/97-288 N1603 Umamaheswaran,V.S.(1997-10-24),"7.3",UnconfirmedMeetingMinutes,WG2Meeting#33,Heraklion,Crete,Greece,20June–4July1997 L2/98-004R N1681 TextofISO10646–AMD18forPDAMregistrationandFPDAMballot,1997-12-22 L2/98-070 Aliprand,Joan;Winkler,Arnold,"Additionalcommentsregarding2.1",MinutesofthejointUTCandL2meetingfromthemeetinginCupertino,February25-27,1998 L2/98-318 N1894 Revisedtextof10646-1/FPDAM18,AMENDMENT18:SymbolsandOthers,1998-10-22 3.0 U+FFF9..FFFB 3 L2/97-255R Aliprand,Joan(1997-12-03),"3.DProposalforIn-LineNotation(ruby)",ApprovedMinutes–UTC#73&L2#170jointmeeting,PaloAlto,CA–August4-5,1997 L2/98-055 Freytag,Asmus(1998-02-22),SupportforImplementingInlineandInterlinearAnnotations L2/98-070 Aliprand,Joan;Winkler,Arnold,"3.C.5.Supportforimplementinginlineandinterlinearannotations",MinutesofthejointUTCandL2meetingfromthemeetinginCupertino,February25-27,1998 L2/98-099 N1727 Freytag,Asmus(1998-03-18),SupportforImplementingInterlinearAnnotationsasusedinEastAsianTypography L2/98-158 Aliprand,Joan;Winkler,Arnold(1998-05-26),"InlineandInterlinearAnnotations",DraftMinutes–UTC#76&NCITSSubgroupL2#173jointmeeting,Tredyffrin,Pennsylvania,April20-22,1998 L2/98-286 N1703 Umamaheswaran,V.S.;Ksar,Mike(1998-07-02),"8.14",UnconfirmedMeetingMinutes,WG2Meeting#34,Redmond,WA,USA;1998-03-16--20 L2/98-270 Hiura,Hideki;Kobayashi,Tatsuo(1998-07-29),Suggestiontotheinlineandinterlinearannotationproposal L2/98-281R(pdf,html) Aliprand,Joan(1998-07-31),"In-LineandInterlinearAnnotation(III.C.1.c)",UnconfirmedMinutes–UTC#77&NCITSSubgroupL2#174JOINTMEETING,Redmond,WA--July29-31,1998 L2/98-363 N1861 Sato,T.K.(1998-09-01),Rubymarkers L2/98-372 N1884R2(pdf,doc) Whistler,Ken;et al.(1998-09-22),AdditionalCharactersfortheUCS L2/98-416 N1882.zip SupportforImplementingInterlinearAnnotations,1998-09-23 L2/98-329 N1920 CombinedPDAMregistrationandconsiderationballotonWDforISO/IEC10646-1/Amd.30,AMENDMENT30:AdditionalLatinandothercharacters,1998-10-28 L2/98-421R Suignard,Michel;Hiura,Hideki(1998-12-04),NotesconcerningthePDAM30interlinearannotationcharacters L2/99-010 N1903(pdf,html,doc) Umamaheswaran,V.S.(1998-12-30),"8.2.15",MinutesofWG2meeting35,London,U.K.;1998-09-21--25 L2/98-419(pdf,doc) Aliprand,Joan(1999-02-05),"InterlinearAnnotationCharacters",ApprovedMinutes--UTC#78&NCITSSubgroupL2#175JointMeeting,SanJose,CA--December1-4,1998 UTC/1999-021 Duerst,Martin;Bosak,Jon(1999-06-08),W3CXMLCGstatementonannotationcharacters L2/99-176R Moore,Lisa(1999-11-04),"W3CLiaisonStatementonAnnotationCharacters",MinutesfromthejointUTC/L2meetinginSeattle,June8-10,1999 L2/01-301 Whistler,Ken(2001-08-01),"E.Indicatedas"stronglydiscouraged"forplaintextinterchange",AnalysisofCharacterDeprecationintheUnicodeStandard ^Proposedcodepointsandcharactersnamesmaydifferfromfinalcodepointsandnames Seealso[edit] Unicodecontrolcharacters References[edit] ^"Unicodecharacterdatabase".TheUnicodeStandard.Archivedfromtheoriginalon2017-09-25.Retrieved2016-07-09. ^"EnumeratedVersionsofTheUnicodeStandard".TheUnicodeStandard.Archivedfromtheoriginalon2016-06-29.Retrieved2016-07-09. ^"3.8:Block-by-BlockCharts"(PDF).TheUnicodeStandard.version1.0.UnicodeConsortium.Archived(PDF)fromtheoriginalon2021-02-11.Retrieved2020-09-30. ^Wichary,Marcin."WhenFontsFall".Figma.Archivedfromtheoriginalon13June2021.Retrieved6June2021. ^"RecommendationsforOpenTypeFonts(OpenType1.7)-Typography".docs.microsoft.com.Archivedfromtheoriginalon19October2020.Retrieved18October2020. vteUnicodeUnicode UnicodeConsortium ISO/IEC10646(UniversalCharacterSet) Versions Codepoints Block List UniversalCharacterSet Charactercharts Characterproperty Plane PrivateUseArea CharactersSpecialpurpose BOM Combininggraphemejoiner Left-to-rightmark /Right-to-leftmark Softhyphen Variantform Wordjoiner Zero-widthjoiner Zero-widthnon-joiner Zero-widthspace Lists Characters CJKUnifiedIdeographs Combiningcharacter Duplicatecharacters Numerals Scripts Spaces Symbols Halfwidthandfullwidth Aliasnamesandabbreviations Whitespacecharacters ProcessingAlgorithms Bidirectionaltext Collation ISO/IEC14651 Equivalence Variationsequences InternationalIdeographsCore Comparison BOCU-1 CESU-8 Punycode SCSU UTF-1 UTF-7 UTF-8 UTF-16/UCS-2 UTF-32/UCS-4 UTF-EBCDIC Onpairsofcodepoints Combiningcharacter Compatibilitycharacters Duplicatecharacters Equivalence Homoglyph Precomposedcharacter list Z-variant Variationsequences Regionalindicatorsymbol Emojiskincolor Usage Domainnames(IDN) Email Fonts HTML entityreferences numericreferences Input InternationalIdeographsCore Relatedstandards CommonLocaleDataRepository(CLDR) GB18030 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Mathematicaloperatorsandsymbols Listbysubject Phoneticsymbols(includingIPA) Emoji  Category:Unicode  Category:Unicodeblocks Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Specials_(Unicode_block)&oldid=1114697453" Categories:UnicodeblocksHiddencategories:ArticleswithshortdescriptionShortdescriptionisdifferentfromWikidataArticlescontainingGerman-languagetext Navigationmenu Personaltools NotloggedinTalkContributionsCreateaccountLogin Namespaces ArticleTalk English Views ReadEditViewhistory More Search Navigation MainpageContentsCurrenteventsRandomarticleAboutWikipediaContactusDonate Contribute HelpLearntoeditCommunityportalRecentchangesUploadfile Tools WhatlinkshereRelatedchangesUploadfileSpecialpagesPermanentlinkPageinformationCitethispageWikidataitem Print/export DownloadasPDFPrintableversion Inotherprojects WikimediaCommonsWiktionary Languages العربيةDeutschEspañolFrançais한국어BahasaIndonesiaItalianoJawa日本語РусскийSimpleEnglishاردو中文 Editlinks