霜

TranslingualEdit. Han characterEdit. 霜(Kangxi radical 173, 雨+9, 17 strokes, cangjie input 一月木月山(MBDBU), four-corner 10963, composition ⿱雨相) ... 霜 DefinitionfromWiktionary,thefreedictionary Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch 霜U+971C,霜 CJKUNIFIEDIDEOGRAPH-971C ←霛[U+971B] CJKUnifiedIdeographs 霝→[U+971D] Contents 1Translingual 1.1Hancharacter 1.1.1References 2Chinese 2.1Glyphorigin 2.2Etymology 2.3Pronunciation 2.4Definitions 2.4.1Synonyms 2.5Compounds 2.6References 3Japanese 3.1Kanji 3.1.1Readings 3.1.2Compounds 3.2Etymology 3.3Pronunciation 3.4Noun 3.4.1Derivedterms 3.4.2Idioms 3.4.3Proverbs 3.5Propernoun 3.6References 4Korean 4.1Etymology 4.2Hanja 4.2.1Compounds 4.3References 5Vietnamese 5.1Hancharacter Translingual[edit] Hancharacter[edit] 霜(Kangxiradical173,雨+9,17strokes,cangjieinput一月木月山(MBDBU),four-corner10963,composition⿱雨相) References[edit] KangXi:page1376,character29 DaiKanwaJiten:character42363 DaeJaweon:page1885,character24 HanyuDaZidian(firstedition):volume6,page4070,character2 UnihandataforU+971C Chinese[edit] trad. 霜 simp.# 霜 2ndroundsimp. ⿱⿻丅⿱冖⿰丶丶双 Wikipediahasarticleson:霜(WrittenStandardChinese?)霜(Cantonese)sông(Hakka)霜(Wu) Glyphorigin[edit] Charactersinthesamephoneticseries(相)(Zhengzhang,2003)  OldChinese 相 *slaŋ,*slaŋs 廂 *slaŋ 湘 *slaŋ 緗 *slaŋ 箱 *slaŋ 葙 *slaŋ 想 *slaŋʔ 霜 *sraŋ 孀 *sraŋ 鸘 *sraŋ 驦 *sraŋ Phono-semanticcompound (形聲,OC*sraŋ):semantic雨(“rain”)+phonetic相(OC*slaŋ,*slaŋs). Etymology[edit] From凉(cold)withans-(nominalizer)prefix(Schuessler,2007). Pronunciation[edit] Mandarin (Standard) (Pinyin):shuāng(shuang1) (Zhuyin):ㄕㄨㄤ (Chengdu,SP):suang1 Cantonese (Guangzhou,Jyutping):soeng1 (Taishan,Wiktionary):song1 Gan(Wiktionary):song1 Hakka (Sixian,PFS):sông (Meixian,Guangdong):song1 Jin(Wiktionary):suon1 MinBei(KCR):só̤ng MinDong(BUC):sŏng MinNan (Hokkien,POJ):sng/song (Teochew,Peng'im):seng1 Wu(Wiktionary):saan(T1) Xiang(Wiktionary):xyan1 Mandarin (StandardChinese)+ Pinyin:shuāng Zhuyin:ㄕㄨㄤ GwoyeuRomatzyh:shuang TongyongPinyin:shuang Wade–Giles:shuang1 SinologicalIPA(key):/ʂwɑŋ⁵⁵/ (Chengdu) SichuanesePinyin:suang1 ScuanxuaLadinxuaXinWenz:suong SinologicalIPA(key):/suaŋ⁵⁵/ Cantonese (StandardCantonese,Guangzhou)+ Jyutping:soeng1 Yale:sēung CantonesePinyin:soeng1 GuangdongRomanization:sêng1 SinologicalIPA(key):/sœ̽ːŋ⁵⁵/ (Taishanese,Taicheng) Wiktionary:song1 SinologicalIPA(key):/sɔŋ³³/ Gan (Nanchang) Wiktionary:song1 SinologicalIPA(key):/sɔŋ⁴²/ Hakka (Sixian,incl.MiaoliandMeinong) Pha̍k-fa-sṳ:sông HakkaRomanizationSystem:song´ HagfaPinyim:song1 SinologicalIPA:/soŋ²⁴/ (Meixian) Guangdong:song1 SinologicalIPA:/sɔŋ⁴⁴/ Jin (Taiyuan)+ Wiktionary:suon1 SinologicalIPA(old-style):/suɒ̃¹¹/ MinBei (Jian'ou) KienningColloquialRomanized:só̤ng SinologicalIPA(key):/sɔŋ⁵⁴/ MinDong (Fuzhou) Bàng-uâ-cê:sŏng SinologicalIPA(key):/souŋ⁵⁵/ MinNan (Hokkien:Xiamen,Quanzhou,Zhangzhou,GeneralTaiwanese,Singapore) Pe̍h-ōe-jī:sng Tâi-lô:sng PhofsitDaibuun:sngf IPA(Quanzhou):/sŋ̍³³/ IPA(Xiamen,Zhangzhou,Taipei,Kaohsiung,Singapore):/sŋ̍⁴⁴/ (Hokkien:Xiamen,Quanzhou,Zhangzhou,GeneralTaiwanese) Pe̍h-ōe-jī:song Tâi-lô:song PhofsitDaibuun:sofng IPA(Quanzhou):/sɔŋ³³/ IPA(Xiamen,Zhangzhou,Taipei,Kaohsiung):/sɔŋ⁴⁴/ Note: sng-colloquial; song-literary. (Teochew) Peng'im:seng1 Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like:sṳng SinologicalIPA(key):/sɯŋ³³/ Wu (Shanghainese) Wiktionary:saan(T1) SinologicalIPA(key):/sɑ̃⁵³/ Xiang (Changsha) Wiktionary:xyan1 SinologicalIPA(key):/ɕyæn³³/ MiddleChinese:/ʃɨɐŋ/ Rime Character 霜 Reading# 1/1 Initial(聲) 生(21) Final(韻) 陽(105) Tone(調) Level(Ø) Openness(開合) Open Division(等) III Fanqie 色莊切 Reconstructions ZhengzhangShangfang /ʃɨɐŋ/ PanWuyun /ʃiɐŋ/ ShaoRongfen /ʃiɑŋ/ EdwinPulleyblank /ʂɨaŋ/ LiRong /ʃiaŋ/ WangLi /ʃĭaŋ/ BernardKarlgren /ʂi̯aŋ/ ExpectedMandarinReflex shuāng ExpectedCantoneseReflex song1 OldChinese (Baxter–Sagart):/*[s]raŋ/ (Zhengzhang):/*sraŋ/ Baxter–Sagartsystem1.1(2014) Character 霜 Reading# 1/1 ModernBeijing(Pinyin) shuāng MiddleChinese ‹ srjang › OldChinese /*[s]raŋ/ English hoar-frost NotesforOldChinesenotationsintheBaxter–Sagartsystem: *Parentheses"()"indicateuncertainpresence; *Squarebrackets"[]"indicateuncertainidentity,e.g.*[t]ascodamayinfactbe*-tor*-p; *Anglebrackets"<>"indicateinfix; *Hyphen"-"indicatesmorphemeboundary; *Period"."indicatessyllableboundary. Zhengzhangsystem(2003) Character 霜 Reading# 1/1 No. 13587 Phoneticcomponent 相 Rimegroup 陽 Rimesubdivision 0 CorrespondingMCrime 霜 OldChinese /*sraŋ/ Definitions[edit] 霜 frost frost-likepowder (medicine)cream 防曬霜/防晒霜 ― fángshàishuāng ― sunscreen (literary,figuratively)white (MinNan)ice Synonyms[edit] (ice): Dialectalsynonymsof冰(“ice”)[map] Variety Location Words edit ClassicalChinese 冰,凌 Formal(WrittenStandardChinese) 冰 Mandarin Beijing 冰 Taiwan 冰 Tianjin 冰 Tangshan 冰 Cangzhou 冰 Xianxian(Xiaoying) 凌 Baoding 冰 Shijiazhuang 冰 Chifeng 冰,冰冰 Hulunbuir(Hailar) 冰 Harbin 冰 Wuchang(Yingchengzi) 冰 Shenyang 冰,凍 Muping 冰 Qingdao 冰 Weifang(Weicheng) 凍凍 Weifang(Fangzi) 凍凍 Weifang(Hanting) 凍凍 Changyi 凍凍 Gaomi 凍凍 Zhucheng 凍凍 Anqiu 凍凍 Changle 凍凍 Linqu 凍凍 Qingzhou 凍凍 Shouguang 凍凍 Rizhao 凍凍 Wulian 凍凍 Jinan 冰,凍凍 Luoyang 冰,冰凌 Wanrong 冬凌 Zhengzhou 冰 Xi'an 冰 Dingbian 冰 Yinchuan 冰 Lanzhou 冰,凍 Xining 冰 Ürümqi 冰 Wuhan 凌,凌冰,冰,凍 Hong'an 凌冰 Chengdu 冰,凌冰,凌冰兒 Muli 凌冰子 Chongqing 冰,凌冰兒 Guiyang 冰,凌冰innature Kunming 冰凌 Guilin 冰 Pingle 冰 Liuzhou 冰 Luzhai 冰 Nanning(Wuming) 冰 Binyang(Nanjie) 冰 Yizhou 冰 Luocheng(Dongmen) 冰 Tianlin(Langping) 凝 Xiangzhou(Nalu) 冰 Xuzhou 凍凍,冰冰,冰 Yangzhou 冰 Nanjing 冰,凍 Hefei 冰凍,冰 Chuzhou 冰凍 Nantong 凍 Qimen(AnlingJunhua) 冰凍 Singapore 冰 Reshuitang(Longling) 冰 MaeSalong(Lancang) 冰 MaeSai(Tengchong) 冰 Oudomxay 冰棒 Olginsky(Mikhaylovka) 冰 Cantonese Guangzhou 雪,冰 HongKong 冰,雪 HongKong(SanTinWeitou) 冰 HongKong(TingKok) 冰 HongKong(TungPingChau) 冰 Zhongshan(ChongkoumenTanka) 冰,雪 Taishan 冰 Taishan(Guanghai) 冰,雪 Dongguan 冰,雪 Yangjiang 冰 Wuzhou 冰 Yulin 冰 Hepu(Lianzhou) 冰 Hepu(Shatian) 冰 Guiping(Jintian) 冰 Guiping(Jiangkou) 冰 Guiping(Madong) 冰 Beiliu 冰 Baise 冰 Qinzhou 冰 Qinzhou(Changtan) 冰 Qinzhou(Xiniujiao) 冰 Beihai 冰 Beihai(Nankang) 冰 Beihai(Yingpan) 冰 Beihai(Qiaogang-CôTô) 冰 Beihai(Qiaogang-CátBà) 冰 Fangchenggang(Fangcheng) 冰 Chongzuo(Laituan) 冰,霜dated Fusui(Qujiu) 冰,霜dated Lingchuan(Yangjia) 冰 Danzhou 冰 Sanya(YanglanMaihua) 冰 KualaLumpur(Guangfu) 冰 Singapore(Guangfu) 冰 HoChiMinhCity(Guangfu) 冰 MóngCái 冰 Yangon(Taishan) 冰 Mandalay(Taishan) 冰 Gan Nanchang 冰,冰凌 Pengze 凌冰 Yanshan 冰 Lichuan 冰凌 Pingxiang 冰,凌冰dated;innature Hakka Meixian 凝,冰 Xingning 凝餅 Huidong(Daling) 凝 Dongguan(Qingxi) 冰 Wuhua(Shuizhai) 冰 Wuhua(Huacheng) 硬凝 Wuhua(Changbu) 凝 Wuhua(Mianyang) 冰 Heyuan(Bendihua) 冰 Wengyuan 冰 Lianshan(Xiaosanjiang) 硬凝 Liannan 冰 Jiexi 冰 Zhao'an(Xiuzhuan) 冰 Changting 凌冰 Wuping 凌冰 Wuping(Yanqian) 凌冰 Wuping(Pingyu) 硬凝 Liancheng 凌冰 Liancheng(Peitian) 凌冰 Ninghua 凌冰 Yudu 冰 Ningdu 凌冰 Ruijin 凌冰 Shicheng 凌冰 Shangyou(Shexi) 硬構 Tonggu(Sandu) 凌冰 Ganzhou(Panlong) 凌冰 Dayu 凌冰 Miaoli(N.Sixian) 冰 Pingtung(Neipu,S.Sixian) 冰 HsinchuCounty(Zhudong,Hailu) 冰 Taichung(Dongshi,Dabu) 冰 HsinchuCounty(Qionglin,Raoping) 冰 Yunlin(Lunbei,Zhao'an) 冰 HongKong 冰 Yangxi(Tangkou) 冰 Yangchun(Sanjia) 冰 Xinyi(Sihe) 雪 Xinyi(Qianpai) 冰 Gaozhou(Xindong) 冰 Dianbai(Shalang) 冰 Huazhou(Xin'an) 冰 Lianjiang(Shijiao) 冰 Lianjiang(Qingping) 冰 Mengshan(Xihe) 冰 Luchuan 冰 Bobai(Shahe) 冰 Bobai(Longtan) 冰 Bobai(Lingping) 冰 Beiliu(Gonghe) 冰 Xingye(Gaofeng) 冰 Guilin(Xiaojiang,Lingui) 冰 Pingle(Tong'an) 冰 Yangshuo(Jinbao) 冰 Senai(Huiyang) 冰 Singkawang 雪 Pontianak(Meixian) 雪 Huizhou Jixi 冰,凍冰 Shexian(Xianggao) 冰 Shexian(Daguyun) 冰,凍冰 Qimen(AnlingMinhua) 冰凍 Jin Taiyuan 冰,冰凌 Datong 冰 Datong(Yunzhou) 冰 Datong(Xicetian,Yunzhou) 冰凌 Xinzhou 冬蠟 Changzhi 冰凌 Linhe 冰 Jining 冰 Hohhot 冰 Handan 冰 MinBei Jian'ou 冰,霜冰 Pucheng(Shibei) 冰 MinDong Fuzhou 冰 Gutian 冰 MinNan Xiamen 冰,霜 Quanzhou 冰,霜 Zhangzhou 冰,霜 Tainan 冰 Penang(Hokkien) 霜,冰 Singapore(Hokkien) 霜,冰 Manila(Hokkien) 霜 Pingnan(Pingtian) 冰 Guiping(Xiaowen) 冰 Guiping(Dongsheng) 冰 Guilin(Biyange) 冰 Chaozhou 霜,冰 Shantou 冰 Jieyang 冰 Bangkok(Teochew) 霜水 JohorBahru(Teochew) 冰 Singapore(Teochew) 霜 Pontianak(Teochew) 冰 Wenchang 冰 Haikou 冰 MinZhong Yong'an 霜冰 SouthernPinghua Nanning(Tingzi) 冰 Nanning(Gejiayuan) 冰 Nanning(Zhegulu) 冰 Nanning(Silian) 冰 Nanning(Xiuxiang) 冰 Binyang 冰 Chongzuo(Laituan) 冰 NorthernPinghua Guilin(Wutong,Lingui) 冰 Guilin(Liutang,Lingui) 冰 Lingchuan(Sanjie) 冰 Lingchuan(Gaoqiao) 冰 Guanyang(Guanyinge) 雪 Shehua Fu'an 冰 Fuding 冰 Luoyuan 冰 Sanming 冰 Shunchang 冰 Hua'an 冰 Guixi(Zhangping) 冰 Cangnan 冰 Jingning 冰 Lishui 冰 Longyou 冰 Chaozhou 冰 Fengshun 雪 Waxiang Guzhang(Gaofeng) 涼槓 Luxi(Liangjiatan) 凝鉤子 Wu Shanghai 冰 Shanghai(Chongming) 冰 Shanghai(Shuangcaodun,Baoshan) 冰 Shanghai(Luodian,Baoshan) 冰 Shanghai(Zhoupu,Pudong) 冰 Shanghai(Songjiang) 冰 Suzhou 冰 Suzhou(Lili,Wujiang) 冰 Suzhou(Shengze,Wujiang) 冰 Wuxi 冰 Changshu 冰,冰凍 Kunshan 冰 Jiaxing 冰 Changzhou 冰,結冰 Liyang 冰 Yixing 冰 Danyang 冰,凍 Danyang(Tongjiaqiao) 冰 Jingjiang 冰 Jiangyin 冰 Huzhou(Shuanglin) 冰 Hangzhou 冰 Hangzhou(Fuyang) 冰 Shaoxing 冰 Zhuji(Wangjiajing) 冰凍 Shengzhou(Chongren) 冰 Shengzhou(Taiping) 冰 Ningbo 冰 Yuyao 冰 Huangyan 冰 Wenzhou 冰,霜冰innature Quzhou 冰 Jinhua 冰 Jinhua(Tangxi) 冰 Yongkang 冰 Xiang Changsha 凌,凌冰innature Xiangxiang 冰 Xiangxiang(Meiqiao) 凌構子 Shuangfeng 構冷子 Hengshan 冰 Hengshan(Baiguo) 冰 Qinglong(ChangliuLabaMiao) 冰,凌,凌構 Compounds[edit] Derivedtermsfrom霜 七十瓦上霜，八十不稀奇(qīshíwǎshàngshuāng,bāshíbùxīqí) 傲雪欺霜 傲霜 傲霜枝 冰霜(bīngshuāng) 冷若冰霜 冷霜霜 冽霜 凝霜(níngshuāng) 初霜 含霜 孤霜 寒霜 履霜 履霜之戒 履霜知冰 披霜冒露 早霜 星霜(xīngshuāng) 春露秋霜 晚霜 柿霜 欺霜傲雪 琨玉秋霜(kūnyùqiūshuāng) 百草霜 砒霜(pīshuāng) 秋霜 糖霜(tángshuāng) 茯苓霜 草上霜 蔗霜 防霜林 降霜 除霜(chúshuāng) 雪上加霜(xuěshàngjiāshuāng) 霏霜 霜天(shuāngtiān) 霜威 霜害(shuānghài) 霜月(Shuāngyuè) 霜毫 霜淇淋(shuāngqílín) 霜舂雨薪 霜蹄 霜降(Shuāngjiàng) 霜雪(shuāngxuě) 霜露之思 面霜(miànshuāng) 傲雪凌霜 范履霜 傲霜鬥雪／傲霜斗雪 兩鬢飛霜／两鬓飞霜 六月飛霜／六月飞霜 冒霜撥露／冒霜拨露 嚴霜／严霜 字挾風霜／字挟风霜 履霜堅冰／履霜坚冰 滿面雪霜／满面雪霜 潘鬢成霜／潘鬓成霜 無霜期／无霜期(wúshuāngqī) 眠霜臥雪／眠霜卧雪 終霜／终霜 羊霜腸／羊霜肠 臥月眠霜／卧月眠霜 臥雪眠霜／卧雪眠霜 葛屨履霜／葛屦履霜 蜜餞砒霜／蜜饯砒霜(mìjiànpīshuāng) 蟲霜水旱／虫霜水旱 貴霜／贵霜(Guìshuāng) 貴霜王朝／贵霜王朝 金雞納霜／金鸡纳霜(jīnjīnàshuāng) 鋪霜湧雪／铺霜涌雪(pūshuāngyǒngxuě) 防曬霜／防晒霜(fángshàishuāng) 霜兒／霜儿 霜凍／霜冻(shuāngdòng) 霜鋒／霜锋 霜隕／霜陨 霜鬢／霜鬓 風刀霜劍／风刀霜剑 風霜／风霜(fēngshuāng) 飛霜／飞霜 飽經霜雪／饱经霜雪 飽經風霜／饱经风霜(bǎojīng-fēngshuāng) 鹽霜／盐霜(yánshuāng) References[edit] “霜”,in漢語多功能字庫(Multi-functionChineseCharacterDatabase)‎[1],香港中文大學(theChineseUniversityofHongKong),2014– Japanese[edit] Kanji[edit] Seealso: Category:Japanesetermsspelledwith霜 霜(common“Jōyō”kanji) frost years whiteassnow,coldasice,harshassnow Readings[edit] Go-on:しょう(shō)←しやう(syau,historical) Kan-on:そう(sō,Jōyō)←さう(sau,historical) Kun:しも(shimo,霜,Jōyō) Compounds[edit] Compounds 霜害(そうがい)(sōgai) 霜月(そうげつ)(sōgetsu) 霜鬢(そうびん)(sōbin) 降霜(こうそう)(kōsō) 秋霜(しゅうそう)(shūsō) 春霜(しゅんそう)(shunsō) 除霜(じょそう)(josō) 星霜(せいそう)(seisō) 霜林(そうりん)(sōrin) 氷霜(ひょうそう)(hyōsō) 風霜(ふうそう)(fūsō) Etymology[edit] JapaneseWikipediahasanarticleon:霜Wikipediaja EnglishWikipediahasanarticleon:FrostWikipedia Kanjiinthisterm 霜 しもGrade:S kun’yomi /simo/→/ɕimo/ FromOldJapanese,firstattestedintheNihonShoki(720CE),fromProto-Japonic*simə. Thoughttobecognatewithorderivedfrom下(⟨simo2⟩→shimo,“bottom,lowerpart”). Pronunciation[edit] Kun’yomi(Tokyo)しも​[shìmóꜜ](Odaka–[2])[1]IPA(key):[ɕimo̞] Noun[edit] 霜(しも)•(shimo)  frost(icecrystalsinobjectsexposedtotheair) Synonym:フロスト(furosuto) (byextension)iceadheredinsideanelectricrefrigerator (figuratively)whitehair Derivedterms[edit] Derivedterms 霜(しも)曇(ぐもり),霜曇(しもぐも)り(shimogumori) 霜月(しもつき)(shimotsuki) 霜(しも)柱(ばしら)(shimobashira) 秋霜(あきしも)(akishimo) 大霜(おおしも)(ōshimo) 晩霜(おそじも)(osojimo) 露霜(つゆじも)(tsuyujimo) 初霜(はつしも)(hatsushimo) 夕霜(ゆうしも)(yūshimo) Idioms[edit] 霜(しも)を置(お)く(shimoooku) Proverbs[edit] 霜(しも)を履(ふ)んで堅氷(けんぴょう)至(いた)る(shimoofundekenpyōitaru) Propernoun[edit] 霜(しも)•(Shimo)  asurname References[edit] ^2006,大辞林(Daijirin),ThirdEdition(inJapanese),Tōkyō:Sanseidō,→ISBN Korean[edit] Etymology[edit] FromMiddleChinese霜(MCʃɨɐŋ).RecordedasMiddleKorean사ᇰ(sang) (Yale:sang)inHunmongJahoe(訓蒙字會/훈몽자회),1527. Hanja[edit] KoreanWikisourcehastextscontainingthehanja: 霜 Wikisource 霜(eumhun서리상(seorisang)) Hanjaform?of상(“frost”). Compounds[edit] Compounds 상해(霜害,sanghae) 상강(霜降,sanggang) 상설(霜雪,sangseol) References[edit] 국제퇴계학회대구경북지부(國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部)(2007).DigitalHanjaDictionary,전자사전／電子字典.[2] Vietnamese[edit] Hancharacter[edit] 霜:HánNômreadings:sương ThistermneedsatranslationtoEnglish.Pleasehelpoutandaddatranslation,thenremovethetext{{rfdef}}. Retrievedfrom"https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=霜&oldid=68765583" Categories:CJKUnifiedIdeographsblockHanscriptcharactersTranslinguallemmasTranslingualsymbolsHanphono-semanticcompoundsMiddleChineselemmasOldChineselemmasChineselemmasMandarinlemmasCantoneselemmasTaishaneselemmasGanlemmasHakkalemmasJinlemmasMinBeilemmasMinDonglemmasMinNanlemmasTeochewlemmasWulemmasXianglemmasChinesenounsMandarinnounsCantonesenounsTaishanesenounsGannounsHakkanounsJinnounsMinBeinounsMinDongnounsMinNannounsTeochewnounsWunounsXiangnounsChinesetermswithIPApronunciationChinesehanziChineseHancharacterszh:MedicineMandarintermswithusageexamplesChineseliterarytermsMinNanChineseIntermediateMandarinJapaneseHancharactersCommonkanjiJapanesekanjiwithkunreadingしもJapanesekanjiwithkan'onreadingそうJapanesekanjiwithhistoricalkan'onreadingさうJapanesekanjiwithgoonreadingしょうJapanesekanjiwithhistoricalgoonreadingしやうJapanesetermsspelledwith霜readasしもJapanesetermsreadwithkun'yomiJapanesetermsinheritedfromOldJapaneseJapanesetermsderivedfromOldJapaneseJapanesetermsinheritedfromProto-JaponicJapanesetermsderivedfromProto-JaponicJapanesetermswithIPApronunciationJapaneselemmasJapanesenounsJapanesetermsspelledwithsecondaryschoolkanjiJapanesetermswrittenwithoneHanscriptcharacterJapanesetermsspelledwith霜JapanesepropernounsJapanesesurnamesKoreantermsderivedfromMiddleChineseMiddleKoreanHancharactersKoreanlemmasKoreanHancharactersVietnameselemmasVietnameseHancharactersHiddencategories:Chineseredlinks/zh-lJapanesesingle-kanjitermsVietnameseHancharacterswithunconfirmedreadingsRequestsfordefinitionsinVietnameseentriesSortkeytracking/redundant Navigationmenu Personaltools NotloggedinTalkContributionsCreateaccountLogin Namespaces EntryDiscussion English Views ReadEditHistory More Search Navigation MainPageCommunityportalPreferencesRequestedentriesRecentchangesRandomentryHelpGlossaryDonationsContactus Tools WhatlinkshereRelatedchangesUploadfileSpecialpagesPermanentlinkPageinformationCitethispage Print/export CreateabookDownloadasPDFPrintableversion Inotherlanguages Bân-lâm-gúFrançais한국어KurdîLietuviųMagyarMalagasyNederlands日本語NorskPolskiСрпски/srpskiไทยУкраїнська中文