Wikimedia Commons - Wikipedia

Wikimedia Commons (or simply Commons) is a media repository of open images, sounds, videos and other media. It also contains JSON files. WikimediaCommons FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch Onlinemediarepositoryoffree-useimages,soundsandothermediafiles NottobeconfusedwithMediaCommons. Thisarticlemaycontainanexcessiveamountofintricatedetailthatmayinterestonlyaparticularaudience.Pleasehelpbyspinningofforrelocatinganyrelevantinformation,andremovingexcessivedetailthatmaybeagainstWikipedia'sinclusionpolicy.(November2021)(Learnhowandwhentoremovethistemplatemessage) WikimediaCommonsScreenshot ScreenshotoftheWikimediaCommonsmainpageTypeofsiteMediarepositoryFoundedSeptember 7,2004;17yearsago (2004-09-07)OwnerWikimediaFoundationCreated byWikimediamovementURLcommons.wikimedia.orgCommercialNoRegistrationOptional(requiredforuploadingfiles)Current statusOnlineContentlicenseOpen WikimediaCommons(orsimplyCommons)isamediarepositoryofopenimages,sounds,videosandothermedia.[1]ItalsocontainsJSON[2]files.ItisaprojectoftheWikimediaFoundation. FilesfromWikimediaCommonscanbeusedacrossalloftheWikimediaprojects[3]inalllanguages,includingWikipedia,Wikivoyage,Wikisource,Wikiquote,Wiktionary,Wikinews,Wikibooks,andWikispecies,ordownloadedforoffsiteuse.AsofJuly2022,therepositorycontainsover87millionfree-to-usemediafiles,managedandeditablebyregisteredvolunteers.[4] Contents 1History 2Relationtosisterprojects 3Controversialcontent 4Utilities 4.1StructuredDataonCommons 5Quality 5.1WikimediaCommonsPicturesoftheYear 6Contentfigures 7Applications 8Seealso 9References 10Externallinks History[edit] Thissectionneedsexpansion.Youcanhelpbyaddingtoit.(November2021)Wikimedialogomosaiccreatedtocommemoratetheone-millionthfileatWikimediaCommons TheideafortheprojectcamefromErikMöllerinMarch2004[5]andwaslaunchedonSeptember7,2004.[6][7] In2012,theNationalArchivesandRecordsAdministrationuploaded100,000digitisedimagesfromitscollection.[8] InJuly2013,thenumberofeditsonCommonsreached100,000,000.[9] Since2018itispossibletoupload3Dmodelstothesite.OneofthefirstmodelsuploadedtoCommonswasareconstructionoftheAsadAl-LatstatuewhichwasdestroyedinPalmyrabytheISILin2015.[10] In2020,theDigitalPublicLibraryofAmerica(DPLA)starteduploadingitscollectionstoCommons.[11]Asof2022,DPLAuploadedmorethan2millionfiles.SimilarlyEuropeana,thewebsiteaggregatingEuropeanculturalheritage,sharesitsdigitisedimagesthroughCommons.[12] DuringtheCOVID-19pandemic,aspartofacollaborationwithWikimedia,theWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)uploadedits"Mythbusters"infographicstoCommons.[13] Relationtosisterprojects[edit] TheaimofWikimediaCommonsistoprovideamediafilerepository"thatmakesavailablepublicdomainandfreely-licensededucationalmediacontenttoall,andthatactsasacommonrepositoryforthevariousprojectsoftheWikimediaFoundation."Theexpression"educational"istobeunderstoodaccordingtoitsbroadmeaningof"providingknowledge;instructionalorinformative".[14] MostWikimediaprojectsstillallowlocaluploadswhicharenotvisibletootherprojectsorlanguages,butthisoptionismeanttobeusedprimarilyformaterial(suchasfairusecontent)whichlocalprojectpoliciesallow,butwhichwouldnotbepermittedaccordingtothecopyrightpolicyofCommons.WikimediaCommonsitselfdoesnotallowfairuseoruploadsundernon-freelicenses,includinglicenseswhichrestrictcommercialuseofmaterialsordisallowderivativeworks.Forthisreason,WikimediaCommonsalwayshostsfreelylicensedmediaanddeletescopyrightviolations.LicensesthatareacceptableincludetheCreativeCommonsAttributionandAttribution/ShareAlikelicenses,[15]otherfreecontentandfreesoftwarelicenses,andthepublicdomain. ThedefaultlanguageforCommonsisEnglish,butregistereduserscancustomizetheirinterfacetouseanyotheravailableuserinterfacetranslations.Manycontentpages,inparticularpolicypagesandportals,havealsobeentranslatedintovariouslanguages.FilesonWikimediaCommonsarecategorizedusingMediaWiki'scategorysystem.Inaddition,theyareoftencollectedonindividualtopicalgallerypages.Whiletheprojectwasoriginallyproposedtoalsocontainfreetextfiles,thesecontinuetobehostedonasisterproject,Wikisource. Controversialcontent[edit] Thesitehasbeencriticizedforhostinglargeamountsofamateurpornography,oftenuploadedbyexhibitionistswhoexploitthesiteforpersonalgratification,andwhoareenabledbysympatheticadministrators.[16]In2012,BuzzFeeddescribedWikimediaCommonsas"litteredwithdicks".[17] In2010,Wikipediaco-founderLarrySangerreportedWikimediaCommonstotheFBIforhostingsexualizedimagesofchildrenknownas"lolicon".Afterthiswasreportedinthemedia,JimmyWales,founderoftheWikimediaFoundationwhichhostsCommons,usedhisadministratorstatustodeleteseveralimageswithoutdiscussionfromtheCommonscommunity.WalesrespondedtothebacklashfromtheCommonscommunitybyvoluntarilyrelinquishingsomesiteprivileges,includingtheabilitytodeletefiles.[18] Utilities[edit] Overtime,additionalfunctionalityhasbeendevelopedtointerfaceWikimediaCommonswiththeotherWikimediaprojects.DanielKinzlerwroteapplicationsforfindingappropriatecategoriesforuploadedfiles("CommonSense"),determiningtheusageoffilesacrosstheWikimediaprojects("CheckUsage"),locatingimageswithmissingcopyrightinformation("UntaggedImages"),andrelayinginformationaboutadministrativeactionssuchasdeletionstotherelevantwikis("CommonsTicker"). Specializeduploadingtoolsandscriptssuchas"Commonist"havebeencreatedtosimplifytheprocessofuploadinglargenumbersoffiles.Atonetime,inordertoreviewfreecontentphotosuploadedtoFlickr,userscouldparticipateinanow-defunctcollaborativeexternalreviewprocess("FlickrLickr"),whichresultedinmorethan10,000uploadstoCommons.[failedverification][deadlink]Thereexistsacommunity-maintainedCommonsMobileAppwhichallowsuploadingofphotosthatdocumenttheworld,especiallynotableobjectsfindableinthemapintheNearbyListintheapp(displayingWikidataitemswithcoordinates).Theapplaunchedin2012asanofficialWikimediaappandsinceMay2016,itusestheofficialWikimediaCommonsnameandlogo. StructuredDataonCommons[edit] Structureddatastatementsforapictureofsomesugarcubes StructuredDataonCommons(SDC)isathree-yearsoftwaredevelopmentprojectfundedbytheSloanFoundationtoprovidetheinfrastructureforWikimediaCommonsvolunteerstoorganizedataaboutmediafilesinaconsistentmanner.Thisdataisstructuredmoreandismademachine-readable.ThegoalsofthefunctionalityaretomakecontributingtoCommonseasierbyprovidingnewwaystoedit,curate,andwritesoftwareforCommons,andtomakegeneraluseofCommonseasierbyexpandingcapabilitiesinsearchandreuse.[19][20] Quality[edit] Thissectiondoesnotciteanysources.Pleasehelpimprovethissectionbyaddingcitationstoreliablesources.Unsourcedmaterialmaybechallengedandremoved.(June2010)(Learnhowandwhentoremovethistemplatemessage) Successfulfeaturedpicturenominationspermonth(2004–2019) Therearethreemechanismsonthesiteforrecognizinghigh-qualityworks.Oneisknownas"Featuredpictures",whereworksarenominatedandothercommunitymembersvotetoacceptorrejectthenomination.ThisprocessbeganinNovember2004.Anotherprocessknownas"Qualityimages"beganinJune2006,andhasasimplernominationprocesscomparableto"Featuredpictures"."Qualityimages"onlyacceptsworkscreatedbyWikimediausers,whereas"Featuredpictures"additionallyacceptsnominationsofworksbythirdpartiessuchasNASA.Athirdimageassessmentproject,knownas"Valuedimages",beganonJune1,2008,withthepurposeofrecognizing"themostvaluedillustrationofitskind",incontrasttotheothertwoprocesseswhichassessimagesmainlyontechnicalquality. Thethreementionedprocessesselectaslightpart(lessthan0.1%)fromthetotalnumberoffiles.However,Commonscollectsfilesofallqualitylevels,fromthemostprofessionallevelacrosssimpledocumentalandamateurfilesuptofilesofverypoorquality.Generally,Commonsisnotacompetitionbutacollection;aqualityofthedescriptionandorganizationoffilesandtheirdescriptiveandinformationalbenefitsareoftenmorerelevantthantechnicalorartisticperfectionofthefiles.Fileswithspecificdefectscanbetaggedforimprovementandwarningorevenproposedfordeletionbutthereexistsnoprocessofsystematicratingofallfiles. Thesitehelditsinaugural"PictureoftheYear"competition,for2006.AllimagesthatweremadeaFeaturedpictureduring2006wereeligible,andvotedonbyeligibleWikimediamovementmembersduringtworoundsofvoting.ThewinningpicturewasapictureoftheAuroraBorealisoversnowlands,takenbyanairmanfromtheU.S.AirForce.Thecompetitionhassincebecomeanannualevent. WikimediaCommonsPicturesoftheYear[edit] TheCommonsPictureoftheYear(POTY)isacompetitionthatwasfirstrunin2006.ItaimstoidentifythebestfreelylicensedimagesfromthosethatduringtheyearhavebeenawardedFeaturedpicturestatus.[21][22] 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 Contentfigures[edit] AsofJanuary2015,therearewellover5.2MgeolocatedimagesinWikimediaCommons.Mappingtheseshowssignificantvarianceinimagenumbersovertheglobe. GrowthofWikimediaCommons Source:commons:Commons:Milestones November30,2006:1 millionmediafiles September2,2009:5 millionmediafiles April15,2011:10 millionmediafiles December4,2012:15 millionmediafiles July14,2013:100,000,000edits[9] January25,2014:20 millionmediafiles January13,2016:30 millionmediafiles June21,2017:40 millionmediafiles October7,2018:50 millionmediafiles March18,2020:60 millionmediafiles February15,2021:70 millionmediafiles January11,2022:80 millionmediafiles Currentfigures:commons:Special:Statistics Applications[edit] EuroOfficeOnlineClipartextensiontouseimagesfromWikimediaCommons[23] Seealso[edit] CreativeCommons–aprojectprovidingasetofcontentlicensesandadirectoryofworksusingthem InternetArchive–anonlinecollectionofvideos,documentsandwebpages ProjectGutenberg–thelargestfreelyaccessiblecollectionofdocuments(includingbooksandsheetmusic) ReportingofchildpornographyimagesonWikimediaCommons References[edit] ^Endres,Joe,"Wikiwebsiteswealthofinformation".InternationalNewsonFats,OilsandRelatedMaterials :INFORM.Champaign,Illinois:May2006.Vol.17,Iss.5;pg.312,1pgs.Sourcetype:PeriodicalISSN 0897-8026ProQuestdocumentID:1044826021TextWordCount746DocumentURL:ProquestURLProQuest(subscription)retrievedAugust6,2007 ^Yurik(November2019)."Help:TabularData".Commons.wikimedia.org.RetrievedMarch29,2019. ^"EmbeddingCommons'mediainWikimediaprojects".WikimediaCommons.RetrievedAugust7,2007. ^StatisticspageonWikimediaCommons ^Möller,Erik(March19,2004)."[Wikipedia-l]Proposal:commons.wikimedia.org".RetrievedAugust7,2007. ^"MainPage".WikimediaCommons.September7,2004.RetrievedAugust7,2007. ^"WikimediaCommons:Über100.000freieBilder,TöneundFilme"(inGerman).Golem.de.May25,2005.RetrievedAugust7,2007. ^Schultz,Colin."TheNationalArchivesWantstoPutItsWholeCollectiononWikimediaCommons".SmithsonianMagazine.RetrievedMarch6,2022. ^abÄŒesky(July15,2013)."100,000,000thedit".Commons.wikimedia.org.RetrievedAugust22,2013. ^"Wikipediagoes3Dallowinguserstoupload.stlsfordigitalreference".3DPrintingIndustry.February22,2018.RetrievedMarch8,2022. ^"DPLAculturalartifactscomingtoWikipediathroughnewcollaborationwithWikimediaFoundation".DigitalPublicLibraryofAmerica.RetrievedMarch6,2022. ^"EuropeanaandWikimediapartnershipupdate".EuropeanaPro.RetrievedMarch6,2022. ^Jr,DonaldG.McNeil(October22,2020)."WikipediaandW.H.O.JointoCombatCovid-19Misinformation".TheNewYorkTimes.ISSN 0362-4331.RetrievedMarch6,2022. ^"Commons:Projectscope".WikimediaCommons.RetrievedNovember15,2021. ^"AboutTheLicenses-CreativeCommons".creativecommons.org.RetrievedOctober22,2021. ^"TheDailyDot–HowWikimediaCommonsbecameamassiveamateurpornhub".TheDailyDot.June25,2013. ^"TheEpicBattleForWikipedia'sAutofellatioPage".BuzzFeed. ^"Wikimedia'sWalesgivesupsometop-levelcontrols".ArchivedfromtheoriginalonOctober25,2012. ^"Submissions/StructuredCommons:whatchangesarecoming?".Wikimania. ^"Commons:Structureddata".WikimediaCommons. ^"Commons:PictureoftheYear".WikimediaCommons.RetrievedApril8,2020. ^Morris,Kevin(February28,2013)."Wikimedia's12bestphotostakeyoutotheendsoftheEarth".TheDailyDot.RetrievedOctober28,2021. ^"EuroOfficeOnlineClipart–EuroOffice/English".May28,2018.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonMay28,2018. Externallinks[edit] WikimediaCommonsatWikipedia'ssisterprojects MediafromCommonsTextbooksfromWikibooksResourcesfromWikiversityDatafromWikidataDiscussionsfromMeta-Wiki Officialwebsite MirrorofWikimediaCommonsbyWikiTeam vteWikimediaFoundationPeopleCurrent MaryanaIskander DariuszJemielniak RebeccaMacKinnon RajuNarisetti RosieStephenson-Goodknight Esra'aAlShafei JimmyWales Past HamptonCatlin DaneseCooper BishakhaDatta FlorenceDevouard OscarvanDillen SueGardner ArnnonGeshuri MikeGodwin AaronHalfaker JamesHeilman GuyKawasaki PatricioLorente KatherineMaher ErikMöller LarrySanger LilaTretikov LuisVilla Projects Wikipedia ListofWikipedias Wiktionary ListofWiktionaries WikimediaCommons Wikidata Wikiquote Wikibooks Wikisource Wikispecies Wikinews Wikiversity Wikivoyage Wikifunctions Other Wikimediamovement ListofWikimediachapters Wikimania WikiIndaba MediaWiki Litigation G&GvWikimediaFoundationInc WikimediaFoundationv.NSA KnowledgeEngine WikimediaEnterprise Related TheSignpost WikipediaMonument WikimedianoftheYear TidesFoundation WikipediaforWorldHeritage AuthoritycontrolGeneral VIAF 1 2 WorldCat(viaVIAF) Nationallibraries Germany Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Commons&oldid=1108837530" Categories:Advertising-freewebsitesFreecontentImage-sharingwebsitesInternetpropertiesestablishedin2004MediaWikiwebsitesMultilingualwebsitesOpencontentprojectsPhotoarchivesStockphotographyVideohostingWikimediaprojectsStockmediaHiddencategories:CS1German-languagesources(de)ArticleswithshortdescriptionShortdescriptionisdifferentfromWikidataWikipediaarticlesthatareexcessivelydetailedfromNovember2021AllarticlesthatareexcessivelydetailedWikipediaarticleswithstyleissuesfromNovember2021AllarticleswithstyleissuesUsemdydatesfromFebruary2012ArticlestobeexpandedfromNovember2021AllarticlestobeexpandedArticlesusingsmallmessageboxesAllarticleswithfailedverificationArticleswithfailedverificationfromJune2013AllarticleswithdeadexternallinksArticleswithdeadexternallinksfromApril2016ArticlesneedingadditionalreferencesfromJune2010AllarticlesneedingadditionalreferencesPagesusingSisterprojectlinkswithhiddenwikidataArticleswithVIAFidentifiersArticleswithGNDidentifiersArticleswithWorldCat-VIAFidentifiersArticleswithmultipleidentifiersArticlescontainingvideoclips Navigationmenu Personaltools NotloggedinTalkContributionsCreateaccountLogin Namespaces ArticleTalk English Views ReadEditViewhistory More Search Navigation MainpageContentsCurrenteventsRandomarticleAboutWikipediaContactusDonate Contribute HelpLearntoeditCommunityportalRecentchangesUploadfile Tools WhatlinkshereRelatedchangesUploadfileSpecialpagesPermanentlinkPageinformationCitethispageWikidataitem Print/export DownloadasPDFPrintableversion Inotherprojects WikimediaCommonsMeta-WikiWikiversity Languages АдыгэбзэAfrikaansAlemannischAnarâškielâÆngliscالعربيةAragonésܐܪܡܝܐঅসমীয়াAsturianuАварAzərbaycancaتۆرکجهবাংলাBanjarBân-lâm-gúБашҡортсаБеларускаяБеларуская(тарашкевіца)BislamaБългарскиBoarischBosanskiBrezhonegCatalàЧӑвашлаCebuanoČeštinaChi-ChewaCymraegDanskDeutschडोटेलीEestiΕλληνικάEspañolEsperantoEstremeñuEuskaraفارسیFrançaisFurlanGaeilgeGàidhligGalegoગુજરાતી客家語/Hak-kâ-ngî한국어Հայերենहिन्दीHrvatskiIgboIlokanoবিষ্ণুপ্রিয়ামণিপুরীBahasaIndonesiaInterlinguaИронIsiZuluÍslenskaItalianoעבריתJawaKalaallisutಕನ್ನಡKapampanganქართულიҚазақшаKiswahiliKurdîКыргызчаLatgaļuLatinaLatviešuLietuviųLingálaLombardMagyarमैथिलीМакедонскиMalagasyമലയാളംMaltiMāoriमराठीმარგალურიمصرىBahasaMelayuMinangkabauMìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄Монголမြန်မာဘာသာNederlandsनेपाली日本語НохчийнNorskbokmålNorsknynorskOccitanОлыкмарийଓଡ଼ିଆOʻzbekcha/ўзбекчаਪੰਜਾਬੀPapiamentuភាសាខ្មែរTokPisinPlattdüütschPolskiPortuguêsRipoarischRomânăRunaSimiРусиньскыйРусскийᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤScotsSesothosaLeboaShqipSimpleEnglishسنڌيSlovenčinaSlovenščinaSoomaaligaکوردیСрпски/srpskiSrpskohrvatski/српскохрватскиSundaSuomiSvenskaTagalogதமிழ்Татарча/tatarçaၽႃႇသႃႇတႆးతెలుగుไทยТоҷикӣTürkçeУдмуртУкраїнськаاردوVahcuenghVènetoTiếngViệt文言Winaray吴语ייִדישYorùbá粵語Žemaitėška中文ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ Editlinks