Nocturne - Wikipedia

A nocturne (from the French for 'nocturnal', from Latin nocturnus) is a musical composition that is inspired by, or evocative of, the night. Nocturne FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch Musicalcompositioninspiredbythenight FortheancientformofChristiannightprayer,seeNocturns.Forotheruses,seeNocturne(disambiguation)andNocturnes(disambiguation). Thisarticleneedsadditionalcitationsforverification.Pleasehelpimprovethisarticlebyaddingcitationstoreliablesources.Unsourcedmaterialmaybechallengedandremoved.Findsources: "Nocturne" – news ·newspapers ·books ·scholar ·JSTOR(October2007)(Learnhowandwhentoremovethistemplatemessage) FrédéricChopin'sNocturneinGMinor,Op.15,No.3.Themarking"languidoerubato",slowtempo,andsubdueddynamicscreatesanevocativemoodcharacteristicofnocturnes. Anocturne(fromtheFrenchfor'nocturnal',fromLatinnocturnus)[1]isamusicalcompositionthatisinspiredby,orevocativeof,thenight. Contents 1History 2Principalcomposersofnocturnes 3Popularmusic 4Seealso 5Notes 6References History[edit] "Nocturne"wasfirstappliedtomusicalpiecesinthe18thcentury,whenitindicatedanensemblepieceinseveralmovements,normallyplayedforaneveningpartyandthenlaidaside.SometimesitcarriedtheItalianequivalent,notturno,suchasWolfgangAmadeusMozart'sNotturnoinD,K.286,writtenforfourlightlyechoingseparatedensemblesofpairedhornswithstrings,andhisSerenataNotturna,K.239.Atthistime,thepiecewasnotnecessarilyevocativeofthenight,butmightmerelybeintendedforperformanceatnight,muchlikeaserenade.Thechiefdifferencebetweentheserenadeandthenotturnowasthetimeoftheeveningatwhichtheywouldtypicallybeperformed:theformeraround9:00pm,thelattercloserto11:00pm.[2] Initsmorefamiliarformasasingle-movementcharacterpieceusuallywrittenforsolopiano,thenocturnewascultivatedprimarilyinthe19thcentury.ThefirstnocturnestobewrittenunderthespecifictitlewerebytheIrishcomposerJohnField,[3]generallyviewedasthefatheroftheRomanticnocturnethatcharacteristicallyfeaturesacantabilemelodyoveranarpeggiated,evenguitar-likeaccompaniment.However,themostfamousexponentoftheformwasFrédéricChopin,whowrote21ofthem.Oneofthemostfamouspiecesof19th-centurysalonmusicwasthe"FifthNocturne"ofIgnaceLeybach,whoisnowotherwisemostlyforgotten.LatercomposerstowritenocturnesforthepianoincludeGabrielFauré,AlexanderScriabin,ErikSatie(1919),FrancisPoulenc(1929),aswellasPeterSculthorpe.Inthemovemententitled'TheNight'sMusic'[4]('Musiquesnocturnes'inFrench)ofOutofDoorsforsolopiano(1926),BélaBartókimitatedthesoundsofnature.Itcontainsquiet,eerie,blurredcluster-chordsandimitationsofthetwitteringofbirdsandcroakingofnocturnalcreatures,withlonelymelodiesincontrastingsections.AmericancomposerLowellLiebermannhaswrittenelevenNocturnesforpiano,ofwhichNo.6wasarrangedbythecomposerasNocturneforOrchestra.Othernotablenocturnesfromthe20thcenturyincludethosefromMichaelGlennWilliams,SamuelBarberandRobertHelps. OtherexamplesofnocturnesincludetheonefororchestrafromFelixMendelssohn'sincidentalmusicforAMidsummerNight'sDream(1848),thesetofthreefororchestraandfemalechoirbyClaudeDebussy(whoalsowroteoneforsolopiano)andthefirstmovementoftheViolinConcertoNo.1(1948)byDmitriShostakovich.FrenchcomposerErikSatiecomposedaseriesoffivesmallnocturnes.Thesewere,however,fardifferentfromthoseofFieldandChopin.In1958,BenjaminBrittenwroteaNocturnefortenor,sevenobbligatoinstrumentsandstrings,andthethirdmovementofhisSerenadeforTenor,HornandStrings(1943)isalsotitled"Nocturne". Nocturnesaregenerallythoughtofasbeingtranquil,oftenexpressiveandlyrical,andsometimesrathergloomy,butinpracticepieceswiththenamenocturnehaveconveyedavarietyofmoods:thesecondofDebussy'sorchestralNocturnes,"Fêtes",forexample,isverylively,asarepartsofKarolSzymanowski'sNocturneandTarantella(1915)andKaikhosruShapurjiSorabji'sSymphonicNocturneforPianoAlone(1977–78). Principalcomposersofnocturnes[edit] Thislistisincomplete;youcanhelpbyaddingmissingitems.(June2013) Charles-ValentinAlkan:fiveforsolopiano AntonStepanovichArensky:twonocturnesforpiano,eachpartofaset:No.1fromSixPieces,Op.5(1884);No.3fromTwenty-fourCharacteristicPieces,Op.36(1894);anocturnefortwopianos,no.8fromVariations(SuiteNo.3),Op.33 ArnoBabajanyan:hisnocturne,alyricalpieceineasylisteninggenreandasongperformedbyMuslimMagomayev,isoneofhismostpopularworks SamuelBarber:thelastofFourSongs,forvoiceandpiano,Op.13(1938–40)istitled"Nocturne"(toatextbyFredericProkosch),andthissongalsoexistsinaversionwithorchestra;Nocturne(HomagetoJohnField),forpiano,Op.33(1959) WilliamBasinski:Nocturnes ArnoldBax:Nocturnes,forsopranoandorchestra(1911) JacksonBerkey:24NocturnesforsolopianoandFourNocturnesforOrchestra GeorgesBizet:PremiernocturneenfamajeurOp.2andNocturneinDmajor. AlexanderBorodin:hisStringQuartetNo.2thirdmovementNotturnocontainsoneofhismostpopularmelodies(1881) LiliBoulanger:Nocturnepourviolonetpiano(1911) BenjaminBritten:Nocturne,fromOnThisIsland,Op.11 FrédéricChopin:21forsolopiano CarlCzerny:17forsolopiano ClaudeDebussy:3fororchestraandchoir,oneforsolopiano NormanDelloJoio:TwoNocturnes,forpiano(Emajor,F♯major,1946) AntoninDvořák:NocturneinBforstringorchestra(1883) RogerEvernden:10Nocturnesforsolopiano(2019) GabrielFauré:13forsolopiano JohnField:originatorofthepianonocturne,wrote18ofthem IrvingFine:Notturno,forstringsandharp(1950–51) MikhailGlinka:threenocturnes:E-flatmajor,"LaSeparation"inFminor,"LeRegret"(lost) LouisMoreauGottschalk:fourforpianosolo,"Penséepoétique"(1852–53),"Solitude"(1856),"MurmuresEoliens"(1860),"Lachutedesfeuilles"(1860) EdvardGrieg:thefourthpieceofhisLyricPieces,Op54isanocturne ArthurHonegger:Nocturnefororchestra(1936,partlybasedonmusicfromballetSémiramis) VasilyKalinnikov:NocturneinF♯minor,forpiano(1894) JanKalivoda:SixNocturnesforViolaandPiano,op.186 FriedrichKalkbrenner:4nocturnesforsolopiano KevinKeller:10nocturnesforpianoandtreatments IgnaceLeybach:nowknownonlyforhisFifthNocturne LowellLiebermann:11forsolopianoandNocturneforOrchestra FranzLiszt:oneforsolopianoentitledEnreve("Inadream"or"Whiledreaming"),plushiscollectionofthreeLiebesträume(LoveDreams),aseriesofthreeNotturnos,ofwhichno.3isthemostfamous,LesclochesdeGenève:Nocturne(TheBellsofGeneva:Nocturne)inBmajor DonaldMartino:Notturno,forsixinstrumentalists(1973,winnerofthe1974PulitzerPrizeforMusic) FelixMendelssohnBartholdywrotetheincidentalmusic,forWilliamShakespeare'splay,AMidsummerNight'sDream JohannKasparMertz:3NocturnesforGuitar,opus4. ErnestJohnMoeran:Nocturne,forbaritone,chorus,andorchestra(1934,textbyRobertNichols) AndrzejPanufnik:Nocturnefororchestra(1947,rev.1955) FrancisPoulenc:eightforsolopiano(1929) SergeiRachmaninoff:threeforsolopiano(1887–1888)andoneOp.10No.1fromMorceauxdeSalon(1894) OttorinoRespighi:onepianonocturneaspartofhisSixPianoPiecesR.44(1904) ErikSatie:fiveforsolopiano(1919) MariaSchneider:Nocturne,onheralbumAllégresse(2000) ClaraSchumann(ClaraJosephineWieck):NocturneinFmajorOp.6No.2fromSoiréesMusicales(1819–1896) RobertSchumann:fourNachtstücke AlexanderScriabin:fournocturnes,includingonewrittenforthelefthandonly(opus9,1894) KaikhosruShapurjiSorabji:over30forsolopiano[5] MariaAgataSzymanowska:NocturneinB-flatandNocturneLeMurmure AlexandreTansman:FourNocturnes,forpiano(1952) SigismondThalberg:7nocturnesforpiano(Opp.16,21,28,51and1withoutop.number) EdgardVarèse:Nocturnal,forsoprano,bass,chorus,andsmallorchestra(textfromAnaïsNin:TheHouseofIncest,1961),andNocturnalII(Nuit),forsoprano,flute,oboe,clarinet,1or2trumpets,2trombones,percussion,anddoublebass(textfromAnaïsNin:TheHouseofIncest,1961–65) RalphVaughanWilliams:ThreeNocturnes,forbaritone,semi-chorus,andorchestra(textbyWaltWhitman,1908);"nocturne",thefirstofThreePoemsbyWaltWhitman(1925) Popularmusic[edit] Eden:OneonhisdebutEPEndCredits MaxenceCyrin:tenonhis2014albumNocturnes(SoloPiano) EarleHagen(andDickRogers):HarlemNocturne(1939) JoeJackson:Oneonhis1987albumWillPower,fouronhis1994albumNightMusic BillyJoel:Oneonhis1971albumColdSpringHarbor WarrenZevon:Oneonhis1987albumSentimentalHygiene KateBush:Oneonher2005albumAerial,SideSkyofHoney WildNothing:Nocturne(2012) Tesseract:Oneontheir2013albumAlteredState JayChou:Oneonhis2005albumNovember'sChopin Vangelis:Nocturne:ThePianoAlbum(2019) Seealso[edit] Aubade,"asongorinstrumentalcompositionconcerning,accompanying,orevokingdaybreak" Nightmusic,nocturnalmusicofHungariancomposerBélaBartók Nocturne,a1961jazzalbumbyOliverNelson Nocturne,a1983livealbumbySiouxsieandtheBanshees Nocturne:BlueandGold–OldBatterseaBridgebyWhistler(paintedc.1872–75) Notes[edit] ^"NocturneDefinitionfromtheFreeMerriam-websterDictionary".Merriam-webster.com. ^HubertUnverrichtandCliffEisen,"Serenade",TheNewGroveDictionaryofMusicandMusicians,secondedition,editedbyStanleySadieandJohnTyrrell(London:MacmillanPublishers,2001). ^Brown,MauriceJ.E.&Hamilton,KennethL.(2001)."Nocturne(i)".InSadie,Stanley&Tyrrell,John(eds.).TheNewGroveDictionaryofMusicandMusicians(2nd ed.).London:Macmillan.‎ ^MauriceJ.E.Brown,inTheNewGroveDictionaryofMusicandMusicians(ed.StanleySadie),London:MacmillanPublishers,1980,Vol.13:[page needed].ISBN 0-333-23111-2 ISBN 978-0-333-23111-1pp.258–59. ^Marc-AndréRoberge(2013-05-30)."SorabjiResourceSite:TitlesofWorksGroupedbyCategories".Mus.ulaval.ca.Retrieved2013-06-30. References[edit] Wignall,HarrisonJames,"Mozartandthe'DuettoNotturno'Tradition",Mozart-Jahrbuch,1993. Wignall,HarrisonJames,"Duettonotturno",TheNewGroveDictionaryofMusicandMusicians,(ed.Sadie),London,MacMillan,2000. Mozart'sNotturnoinD,K.286:ChicagoSymphonyOrchestraprogramnotes AuthoritycontrolGeneral IntegratedAuthorityFile(Germany) WorldCat(viaLibraryofCongress) Nationallibraries UnitedStates CzechRepublic Other FacetedApplicationofSubjectTerminology Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nocturne&oldid=1053169649" Categories:ClassicalmusicstylesNocturnesHiddencategories:WikipediaarticlesincorporatingtheCiteGrovetemplateWikipediaarticlesincorporatingtheCiteGrovetemplatewithoutalinkparameterWikipediaarticlesneedingpagenumbercitationsfromMarch2015ArticleswithshortdescriptionShortdescriptionisdifferentfromWikidataArticlesneedingadditionalreferencesfromOctober2007AllarticlesneedingadditionalreferencesArticlesusingsmallmessageboxesIncompletelistsfromJune2013ArticleswithGNDidentifiersArticleswithLCCNidentifiersArticleswithNKCidentifiersArticleswithFASTidentifiersArticleswithWorldCat-LCCNidentifiers Navigationmenu Personaltools NotloggedinTalkContributionsCreateaccountLogin Namespaces ArticleTalk Variants expanded collapsed Views ReadEditViewhistory More expanded collapsed Search Navigation MainpageContentsCurrenteventsRandomarticleAboutWikipediaContactusDonate Contribute HelpLearntoeditCommunityportalRecentchangesUploadfile Tools WhatlinkshereRelatedchangesUploadfileSpecialpagesPermanentlinkPageinformationCitethispageWikidataitem Print/export DownloadasPDFPrintableversion Inotherprojects WikimediaCommons Languages Bân-lâm-gúБългарскиCatalàČeštinaCymraegDanskDeutschΕλληνικάEspañolEsperantoEuskaraفارسیFrançaisGaeilge한국어IdoItalianoעבריתҚазақшаКыргызчаLatviešuMagyarМакедонскиNederlands日本語NorskbokmålNorsknynorskOʻzbekcha/ўзбекчаPolskiPortuguêsРусскийSimpleEnglishSlovenčinaکوردیСрпски/srpskiSuomiSvenskaไทยУкраїнськаTiếngViệt粵語中文 Editlinks