Pécs - Wikipedia

Pécs is the fifth largest city of Hungary, located on the slopes of the Mecsek mountains in the south-west of the country, close to its border with Croatia. Pécs FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch CitywithcountyrightsinSouthernTransdanubia,Hungary CitywithcountyrightsinSouthernTransdanubia,HungaryPécs PečuhFünfkirchenCitywithcountyrightsPécsMegyeiJogúVárosClockwisefromtopleft:Cathedral,SzéchenyiSquare,Barbican,YakovalıHasanPaşaMosque,KossuthSquare FlagCoatofarmsNickname: "TheCityofCulture"(Akultúravárosa)PécsLocationofPécsShowmapofBaranyaCountyPécsPécs(Hungary)ShowmapofHungaryPécsPécs(Europe)ShowmapofEuropeCoordinates:46°04′17″N18°13′59″E/46.07125°N18.23311°E/46.07125;18.23311Country HungaryRegionSouthernTransdanubiaCountyBaranyaDistrictPécsEstablished2ndcenturyBCCitystatus1777(renewed)Government • MayorAttilaPéterffy(PécsJövője,ÖtTorony) • DeputymayorLajosNyőgéri(PécsJövője,HungarianSocialistParty)CsabaRuzsa(Independent) GáborZag(PécsJövője,DemocraticCoalition) • TownNotaryDrIstvánLovászArea • Citywithcountyrights162.61 km2(62.78 sq mi) • Rank32ndinHungaryElevation153 m(502 ft)Population (1January2016) • Citywithcountyrights145,347 • Rank5thinHungary • Density963.43/km2(2,495.3/sq mi) • Urban251,412(4th)[1]DemonympécsiPopulationbyethnicity[2] • Hungarians84.0% • Germans4.2% • Romani2.0% • Croats1.2% • Romanians0.2% • Serbs0.2% • Slovaks0.1% • Greeks0.1% • Turks0.1%Populationbyreligion[2] • RomanCatholic39.7% • GreekCatholic0.3% • Calvinists5.2% • Lutherans1.3% • Jews0.1% • Islam2.4% • Non-religious27.8%TimezoneUTC+01:00(CET) • Summer(DST)UTC+02:00(CEST)Postalcode7600to7636Areacode(+36)72MotorwaysM60MotorwayNUTS3codeHU231DistancefromBudapest238 km(148 mi)NortheastAirportPécs(PEV)MPs List TamásMellár(Independent)PéterHoppál(Fidesz) Websitewww.pecs.hu UNESCOWorldHeritageSiteOfficialnameEarlyChristianNecropolisofPécs(Sopianae)Criteriaiii,ivDesignated2000 Pécs(/peɪtʃ/PAYTCH,Hungarian: [peːt͡ʃ](listen);Croatian:Pečuh;German:Fünfkirchen,pronounced[fʏnfˈkɪʁçn̩](listen);alsoknownbyotheralternativenames)isthefifthlargestcityofHungary,locatedontheslopesoftheMecsekmountainsinthesouth-westofthecountry,closetoitsborderwithCroatia.ItistheadministrativeandeconomiccentreofBaranyaCounty.PécsisalsotheseatoftheRomanCatholicDioceseofPécs. Acitydatingbacktotheancienttimes,settledbytheCeltsandtheRomans,itwasmadeanepiscopalseeinearlymedievalHungary.Itfeaturestheoldestuniversityinthecountry,andisoneofthemajorculturalcenters.Pécsalsohasarichheritagefromtheageofa150-year-longOttomanoccupation.Pécswashistoricallyamulti-ethniccitywheremanyculturesintermingled,creatingameltingpotofdifferentvalues,therichresultof2000yearsofhistory.Inrecenttimes,thecityhasbeenrecognizedforitsculturalheritage,includingbybeingnamedasoneoftheEuropeanCapitalofCulturecities. Contents 1Name 2Geography 3History 3.1AncientRomancity 3.2Earlymedievalcity 3.3TheHungariancityintheMiddleAges 3.4PécsunderOttomanrule 3.5Pécsinearly-moderntimes 3.6Pécsduringthe19thcenturyandlater 4Mainsights 5Demographics 6Climate 7Economy 8Education 9Politics 9.1Listofmayors 10Transport 10.1Vehiculartraffic 10.2Railway 10.3Masstransport 10.4Airport 11Sport 12NotablepeopleborninPécs 13Twintowns–sistercities 14Gallery 15Seealso 16References 17Externallinks Name[edit] TheearliestnamefortheterritorywasitsRomannameofSopianæ.ThenamepossiblycomesfromthepluraloftheCelticsopmeaning"marsh".Contrarytothepopularbelief,thenamedidnotsignifyasinglecity,[citationneeded]andtherearenotracesofanencirclingwallfromtheearlyRomanera,onlyfromthe4thcentury. Themedievalcitywasfirstmentionedin871underthenameQuinqueBasilicae("fivecathedrals".)Thenamereferstothefactthatwhenconstructingthechurchesofthecity,thebuildersusedmaterialfromfiveoldChristianchapels.InlaterLatindocumentsthecitywasmentionedasQuinqueEcclesiae("fivechurches",anameidenticalinmeaningtotheGermannameFünfkirchenandtheSlovaknamePäťkostolie[3]). ThenamePécsappearsindocumentsin1235inthewordPechyut(withmodernspelling:pécsiút,meaning"roadto/fromPécs"),derivesfromtheSlavicnumeralfive.Inotherlanguages:inLatin,QuinqueEcclesiae;inCroatian,Pečuh;inSerbian,Печуј(Pečuj);inSlovak,Päťkostolie;inCzech,Pětikostelí;inDutch,Vijfkerken;inGerman,Fünfkirchen;andinTurkish,Peçuy. Geography[edit] PécsislocatedintheCarpathianBasinofCentralEurope,inthecenterofthesouthernHungariancountyofBaranya.ItisborderedbytheMecsekhillstothenorth,andbyarollingplaintothesouth.Pécshasasignificantminingpast.Mecsekdolomiticwaterisfamousforitshighdensityofmineralsatconstantpoise. ThecityofPécsislocatedneartotheborderofCroatia.ItssouthernpartisratherflatwhereasitsnorthernpartclingstotheslopeoftheMecsekmountains.Ithasaveryfavorableclimate,andisborderedbyaflourishingwoodyarea.DuringhotsummernightsacoolingairstreamsdownfromMecsektocleantheairofthecity.[4] Pécsisborderedbyplainstothesouth(elevation120–130m),whiletheMecsekmountainsriseuptoelevationsof400–600metersbehindthecity.Jakab-hill,locatedinthewesternMecsek,is592 m(1942 ft)tall,Tubes,straightabovePécs,is612 m(2008 ft)tall,andMisinais535 m(1755 ft)tall.[5]Higherpartsofthecityclimbupto200–250m(656to820 ft),mainlyPécsbánya,Szabolcsfalu,VasasandSomogy.Woodyareasgenerallystartfromelevationsofabout300 m(984 ft).TheMecsekhillsaremarkedbynumerousvalleyswhichplayakeyroleinamelioratingtheclimateofthecityintheabsenceoflakesandrivers.WaterscomingdownfromtheMecsekhillsflowintothePécsistreamundertheeast–westrailroadleadingthemeventuallytotheDanube. History[edit] EarlyChristianNecropolisofPécs(Sopianae)UNESCOWorldHeritageSiteRemnantsofaPaleochristianChurch,4thcenturyADCriteriaCultural:iii,ivReference853Inscription2000(24thSession)Area3.76haBuffer zone4.87ha AncientRomancity[edit] EarlyChristianNecropolisofPécs(Sopianae) Theareahasbeeninhabitedsinceancienttimes,withtheoldestarchaeologicalfindingsbeing6,000yearsold.BeforetheRomaneratheplacewasinhabitedbyCelts. ThecityofSopianaewasfoundedbyRomansatthebeginningofthe2ndcentury,inanareapeopledbyCeltsandPannonitribes.Bythe4thcentury,itbecamethecapitalofValeriaprovinceandasignificantearlyChristiancenter.TheearlyChristiannecropolisfromthaterabecameaUNESCOWorldHeritageSiteinDecember2000.[6][7] WhenWesternHungarywasaprovinceoftheRomanEmpire(namedPannonia),theRomansfoundedseveralwine-producingcoloniesunderthecollectivenameofSopianaewherePécsnowstands,intheearly2ndcentury. ThecentreofSopianaewaswheretheBishop'sPalacenowstands.SomepartsoftheRomanaqueductarestillvisible.WhenPannoniaprovincewasdividedintofouradministrativedivisions,SopianaewasthecapitalofthedivisionnamedValeria. Inthefirsthalfofthe4thcentury,SopianaebecameanimportantChristiancity.ThefirstChristiancemeteries,datingbacktothisage,areinscribedontheWorldHeritageList.Bytheendofthecentury,Romanruleweakenedinthearea,mostlyduetoattacksbyBarbariansandHuns. Earlymedievalcity[edit] WhenCharlemagnearrivedintheareain791,itwasruledbytheAvars.Charlemagne,afterconqueringthearea,annexedittotheHolyRomanEmpire.[8]ItbelongedtotheDioceseofSalzburg.[9] AdocumentwritteninSalzburgin871isthefirstdocumentmentioningtheearlymedievalcityunderthenameQuinqueBasilicae(seeabove).[3])Duringthe9thcentury,thecitywasinhabitedbySlavicandAvarpeoplesandwaspartoftheBalatonPrincipality,aFrankishvassalstate.[8] TheHungariancityintheMiddleAges[edit] TheBarbakán CryptofthecathedralfromtheMiddleAges StoneshieldpatternofPécswithOldHungarianscript(circa1250AD) AccordingtoGyörgyGyörffy'stheoryofplacenames,aftertheHungariansconqueredtheCarpathianBasin,theyretainedasemi-nomadiclifestyle,changingpasturesbetweenwinterandsummer.Árpád'swinterquarters–clearlyafterhisoccupationofPannoniain900–wereperhapsinPécs.[8]Later,whentheComitatusofBaranyawasestablished,thecapitalofthecomitatuswasnotPécsbutanearbycastle,Baranyavár('BaranyaCastle').Pécs,however,becameanimportantreligiouscentreandepiscopalseat.InLatindocuments,thecitywasmentionedasQuinqueEcclesiae.Around1000,theareawasinhabitedbytheBlackMagyars.TheDeedofFoundationoftheDioceseofPécswasissuedin1009. TheRomanCatholicDioceseofPécswasfoundedin1009byStephenI,andthefirstuniversityinHungarywasfoundedinPécsin1367byLouisItheGreat.(ThelargestuniversitystillresidesinPécswithabout34,000students.)[10] PeterOrseolo,thesecondkingofHungary,wasburiedinthecathedralin1046.Thelocationofhisgraveisunknown.Thisisbecausein1064,whenKingSolomonmadepeacewithhiscousin,thelaterKingGézaI,theycelebratedEasterinPécs.Shortlyafterthecathedralburntdown.Thecathedralthatstandstodaywasbuiltafterthis,inthesecondhalfofthe11thcentury. SeveralreligiousorderssettleddowninPécs.TheBenedictineorderwasthefirstin1076.In1181,therewasalreadyahospitalinthecity.ThefirstDominicanmonasteryofthecountrywasbuiltinPécsin1238. KingLouistheGreatfoundedauniversityinPécsin1367followingtheadviceofWilliam,thebishopofPécs,whowasalsotheking'schancellor.ItwasthefirstuniversityinHungary.ThefoundingdocumentisalmostwordforwordidenticalwiththatoftheUniversityofVienna,statingthattheuniversityhastherighttoteachallartsandsciences,withtheexceptionoftheology. In1459,JanusPannonius,themostimportantmedievalpoetofHungarybecamethebishopofPécs.Hestrengthenedtheculturalimportanceofthecity. PécswasformedintooneoftheculturalandartscenterofthecountrybybishopJanusPannonius,greathumanistpoet.[11] PécsunderOttomanrule[edit] Seealso:OttomanHungary ThemosqueofGáziKászimpasa(pashaQasimtheVictorious) YakovalıHasanPaşaMosque AftertheBattleofMohács(1526)inwhichtheinvadingOttomanarmydefeatedthearmiesofKingLouisII,thearmiesofSuleimanoccupiedPécs. NotonlywasalargepartofthecountryoccupiedbyOttomans,thepublicopinionofwhoshouldbethekingofHungarywasdivided,too.OnepartysupportedFerdinandofHabsburg,theotherpartycrownedJohnZápolyainSzékesfehérvár.ThecitizensofPécssupportedEmperorFerdinand,buttherestofBaranyacountysupportedKingJohn.Inthesummerof1527FerdinanddefeatedthearmiesofSzapolyaiandwascrownedkingonNovember3.Ferdinandfavouredthecitybecauseoftheirsupport,andexemptedPécsfrompayingtaxes.Pécswasrebuiltandfortified. In1529,theOttomanscapturedPécsagain,andwentonacampaignagainstVienna.TheOttomansforcedPécstoacceptKingJohn(whowasalliedwiththem)astheirruler.Johndiedin1540.In1541,theOttomansoccupiedthecastleofBuda,andorderedIsabella,thewidowofJohntogivePécstothem,sincethecitywasofstrategicimportance.ThecitizensofPécsdefendedthecityagainsttheOttomans,andsworeloyaltytoFerdinand.TheemperorhelpedthecityanddefendeditfromfurtherOttomanattacks,buthisadviserspersuadedhimintofocusingmoreonthecitiesofSzékesfehérvárandEsztergominsteadofPécs.Pécswaspreparingforthesiege,butadaybefore,FlemishandWalloonmercenariesfledfromthecity,andraidedthenearbylands.ThenextdayinJune1543theBishophimselfwenttotheOttomanswiththekeysofthecity. Afteroccupyingthecity,theOttomansfortifieditandturneditintoarealOttomancity.TheChristianchurcheswereturnedintomosques;Turkishbathsandminaretswerebuilt,Qur'anschoolswerefounded,therewasabazaarinplaceofthemarket.Forahundredyearsthecitywasanislandofpeaceinalandofwar.ItwasasanjakcentreinBudinEyaletatfirstandKanijeEyaletlateras"Peçuy". TheOttomaneraresultedinnumerouslandmarks,suchasthemosqueofPashaQasimtheVictoriousonSzéchenyisquare,theTombofİdrisBaba,andtheYakovalıHasanPaşaMosque. TheOttomanchroniclerİbrahimPeçevi(IbrahimofPécs),whoseworkformsthemainbodyofreferenceforOttomanhistorybetween1520and1640,wasanativeofthecity. In1664,Croat-HungariannoblemanNicholasZrínyiarrivedinPécs,withhisarmy.SincethecitywaswellintotheOttomanterritories,theyknewthateveniftheyoccupyit,theycouldnotkeepitforlong,sotheyplannedonlytopillageit.Theyravagedandburnedthecitybutcouldnotoccupythecastle.MediaevalPécswasdestroyedforever,exceptthewallencirclingthehistoricalcity,asinglebastion(Barbakán),thenetworkoftunnelsandcatacombsbeneaththecity,partsofwhicharecloseddown,otherpartsareinpossessionofthefamousLitkechampagnefactory,andcanbevisitedtoday.[citationneeded]SeveralTurkishartifactsalsosurvived,namelythreemosques,twominarets,remnantsofabathovertheancientChristiantombsnearthecathedral,andseveralhouses,oneevenwithastonecannonballembeddedinthewall. AfterthecastleofBudawaswrestedfromOttomanrulein1686,thearmieswenttocapturetherestofPécs.Theadvanceguardscouldbreakintothecityandpillagedit.TheOttomanssawthattheycouldnotholdthecity,andburntit,andwithdrewintothecastle.ThearmyledbyLouisofBadenoccupiedthecityon14Octoberanddestroyedtheaqueductleadingtothecastle.TheOttomanshadnootherchoicebuttosurrender,whichtheydidon22October(seeSiegeofPécs). ThecitywasundermartiallawunderthecommandofKarlvonThüngen.TheViennesecourtwantedtodestroythecityfirst,butlatertheydecidedtokeepittocounterbalancetheimportanceofSzigetvár,whichwasstillunderOttomanrule.Slowlythecitystartedtoprosperagain,butinthe1690stwoplagueepidemicsclaimedmanylives.In1688Germansettlersarrived.Onlyaboutone-quarterofthecity'spopulationwasHungarian,theotherswereGermansorSouthernSlavs.Censusoftaxpayersfrom1698lists637familiesforwhichJanjaŽivkovićMandićconcludesthat308wereofCroatiannationality(CatholicsCroats,Racs,Šokci,Bunjevci,Illyrians,Slavs,Bosniaks)andtheremaining329wereHungarians,Germans,SerbsorGreeks.AccordingtosamecensusIstvánTabomentions171Hungarian,349Slavsand79GermanswhileĐuroŠarošacmentionsthatatthattimeinthecitylived325Croats,139Hungarians,92Germans,53Vlachsand28Serbs.[12]Accordingto1698data,SouthSlavscomprisedmorethanhalfofthepopulationofthetown.BecauseHungarianswereonlyaminorityofthepopulation,PécsdidnotsupporttherevolutionagainstHabsburgruleledbyFrancisIIRákóczi,andhisarmiespillagedthecityin1704. Pécsinearly-moderntimes[edit] PécsMainSquarebefore2009 CountyHallofBaranya Vasváry-House SzéchenyiSquare Amorepeacefulerastartedafter1710.Industry,tradeandviticultureprospered,manufactureswerefounded,anewcityhallwasbuilt.ThefeudallordofthecitywastheBishopofPécs,butthecitywantedtofreeitselffromepiscopalcontrol.BishopGeorgeKlimó,anenlightenedman(whofoundedthefirstpubliclibraryofthecountry)wouldhaveagreedtocedehisrightstothecity,buttheHolySeeforbadehimtodoso.WhenKlimódiedin1777,QueenMariaTheresaquicklyelevatedPécstofreeroyaltownstatusbeforethenewbishopwaselected.Thiscostthecity83,315forints. Accordingtothefirstcensus(heldin1787bytheorderofJosephII),therewere1,474housesand1,834familiesinPécs,atotalof8,853residents,ofwhich133werepriestsand117werenoblemen. In1785,theAcademyofGyőrwasmovedtoPécs.Thisacademyeventuallyevolvedintoalawschool.Thefirststoneworktheatreofthecitywasbuiltin1839. AtthattimeorMariaTheresiaandhersonJosefII,theDanubeSwabiansfromGermanywassettledintheCity. Pécsduringthe19thcenturyandlater[edit] Theindustrydevelopedalotinthesecondhalfofthe19thcentury.By1848,therewere1,739industrialworkers.Someofthemanufactureswerenationallyfamous.Theironandpaperfactorieswereamongthemostmodernonesoftheage.Coalminingwasrelevant.Asugarfactoryandbeermanufactureswerebuilt,too.Thecityhad14,616residents. Duringtherevolutionin1848–49,PécswasoccupiedbyCroatianarmiesforashorttime,butitwasfreedfromthembyHabsburgarmiesinJanuary1849. AftertheAustro-HungarianCompromiseof1867Pécsdeveloped,likealltheothercitiesandtownsofthecountry.From1867,PécsisconnectedtothenearbytownBarcsbyrailway,andsince1882itisalsoconnectedtoBudapest.In1913,atramsystemhasbeenfounded,butitwasextinguishedin1960. AttheendofWorldWarI,BaranyacountywasoccupiedbySerbiantroops,anditwasnotuntilAugust1921thatPécscouldbesurethatitremainspartofHungary.TheUniversityofPressburg(modern-dayBratislava,Slovakia)wasmovedtoPécsafterHungarylostPressburgaccordingtotheTreatyofTrianon. DuringWorldWarII,PécswascapturedbySoviettroopsofthe3rdUkrainianFronton29November1944inthecourseoftheBudapestOffensive.Thecitysufferedonlyminordamages,eventhoughalargetank-battletookplace20–25kilometres(12–16miles)southofthecity,closetotheVillányarealateinthewar,whentheadvancingRedArmyfoughtitswaytowardsAustria.UntiltheendofWorldWarII,themajorityInhabitantswasDanubeSwabians.SomeoftheformerGermanSettlerswasexpelledtoGermanyandAustriain1945-1948,aboutthePotsdamAgreement.[13]GermansofHungaryarestillaminorityintheCity. AhistoryofHungaryfrom1945-1990,"underSovietdomination"canbefoundinAConciseHistoryofHungary.[14]Afterthewar,developmentbecamefastagain,andthecitygrew,absorbingseveralnearbytowns.Inthe1980s,Pécsalreadyhad180,000inhabitants. HistoricalpopulationYearPop.±%187030,821—    189043,869+42.3%190053,721+22.5%191060,237+12.1%192058,808−2.4%193074,395+26.5%194188,473+18.9%194988,302−0.2%1960114,655+29.8%1970149,253+30.2%1980168,715+13.0%1990170,039+0.8%2001162,489−4.4%2011156,049−4.0%2020141,843−9.1% AftertheendofSocialistera(1989–1990),Pécsanditscounty,likemanyotherareas,werehithardbythechanges,theunemploymentratewashigh,theminesandseveralfactorieswereclosed,andthewarinneighboringYugoslaviainthe1990saffectedthetourism. PécswasalsothecentreoftheNordicSupportGroup(NSG)consistingofunitsfromDenmark,Norway,Sweden,Finland,andPoland,aspartoftheIFORandlaterSFORNATOdeployments,aftertheDaytonAgreementandfollowingpeaceinformerYugoslavia;thefirstunitsweredeployedtoPécsinlate1995andearly1996.TheNSGhandledtherelayingofsupply,personnelandotherlogisticaltasksbetweentheparticipatingcountriesandtheirdeployedforcesinBosnia-Herzegovina. In1998PécswasgiventheUNESCOprize"CitiesforPeace"formaintainingitsculturalminorities,andalsoforitstolerantandhelpingattitudetowardrefugeesoftheYugoslavWars.[15] In2007Pécswasthird,andin2008itwassecond"LivableCity"(TheLivComAwards)[16]inthecategoryofcitiesbetween75,000and200,000inhabitants.[17] In2010,PécswasselectedtobetheEuropeanCapitalofCulturealongsideEssenandIstanbul.Thecitymottois"TheBorderlessCity".Afterreceivingthetitlemajorrenewalstartedinthecity.[18][19]Renewedpublicplaces,streets,squaresandneighbourhoods,newculturalcenters,aconcerthall,anewlibraryandcenterandaculturalquarterweredesigned.[20][21] Mainsights[edit] CellaSeptichora TheBarbakán ThecrossatTettye ZsolnayMuseum.TheHousefromthe13thCentury. NationalTheatreinPécs. CsontváryMuseum LyceumChurchinKirályStreet Agoodexampleofthecity'shistoryandinterestingpastcanbeseeninthemainsquare,wheretheGaziKasimMosquestillstands,and,althoughconsecratedasachurchfollowingtheretreatoftheOttomanTurkscenturiesago,thecrescentmoonofIslamisstillvisibleonthecupola,surmountedbyacross.Indeed,PécsistherichesttowninHungaryintermsofTurkisharchitecture,withtheruinsofMemiPasa'sBathsandthemausoleumofmiracleworkerIdrisBaba,justtwoothernotableremains.TheYakovalıHasanPaşaMosque,datingfromthemid-1500s,stillfunctionsasanactivemosquetoday.ItisopentothepublicexceptduringFridayservicesfrom2.30to3.30pm. NecropolisofSopianae(UNESCOWorldHeritageSite) CellaSeptichora(4thcentury) TheCathedral(11thcentury,renovatedinthe19thcentury). HungarianBishop'sPalace(12thcentury) UniversityofPécs(1367),buildingoftheFacultyofScienceandFacultyofHumanitiesinIfjúságstreet.ItincludesaBotanicalGarden. KlimoLibrary(1774).ThefirstpubliclibraryinHungary,whichwasfoundedbybishopGeorgeKlimo. Barbakán"Tower"(15thcentury) RuinsinTettye(1505–1521) Széchenyisquare(mainsquare) ThemosqueofpashaQasim(1543–1546).OriginallygothicChurch:St.BertalanCathedralfromthe13thcentury YakovalıHasanPaşaMosque(16thcentury) Downtown(HousesfromtheMiddleAges.Baroque,Classicism,Rococo,ArtNouveauHouses) NádorHotel(1846)inSzéchenyiSquare CountyHouseinSzéchenyiSquare CityHallinSzéchenyiSquare Synagogue(1869) BuildingoftheHungarianAcademyofSciences(1884) NationalTheatreofPécs(NemzetiSzínház),inauguratedin1895. EosinglazeofZsolnayfountain Posta(Post)Palace HungaricumHouse JanusPannoniusMuseum RenaissanceMuseum CsontváryMuseum ZsolnayMuseum VictorVasarelyMuseum AmerigoTotMuseum EthnographicMuseuminPécs NaturalHistoryMuseuminPécs SzerecsenChemist'sMuseum GalleryofPécs MuseumStreet ZsolnayMausoleum Bóbita(punchandjudyshow) Janus(Pannonius)Theatre CroatianTheatreinPécs ThirdTheatre ZoologicalGardeninPécs Lovepadlocks Magasház(formerly–wasdeconstructedin2016) TV-TowerinMecsekMountain(1960) Demographics[edit] Themajorityofthecitizenswith84.0%areHungariansaccordingtothe2011census.Thecity'sGermansarethelargestminoritywith4.2%.FollowedbytheRoma(2.0%),theCroats(1.2%)andtheRomanians(0.2%).[2] ThelargestreligiousgroupistheCatholicswith39.7%RomanCatholicand0.3%GreekCatholic.ThesecondlargestdenominationistheCalvinists(5.2%),thethirdtheLutherans(1.3%).27.8%ofthepopulationisnon-religious.[2] DuetothenumberofinternationalstudentsstudyingandlivinginPécs,anotablediversityofnon-permanentcitizencouldbeobviouslyseenaroundthecity. Climate[edit] ClimatedataforPécs Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Averagehigh°C(°F) 1.6(34.9) 4.8(40.6) 10.3(50.5) 16.0(60.8) 20.9(69.6) 24.0(75.2) 26.3(79.3) 25.9(78.6) 22.3(72.1) 16.6(61.9) 8.8(47.8) 3.4(38.1) 15.1(59.1) Dailymean°C(°F) −1.4(29.5) 1.3(34.3) 5.6(42.1) 10.7(51.3) 15.5(59.9) 18.6(65.5) 20.5(68.9) 20.1(68.2) 16.6(61.9) 11.3(52.3) 5.1(41.2) 0.6(33.1) 10.4(50.7) Averagelow°C(°F) −4.0(24.8) −1.7(28.9) 1.6(34.9) 6.0(42.8) 10.5(50.9) 13.6(56.5) 15.0(59.0) 14.7(58.5) 11.7(53.1) 7.0(44.6) 2.2(36.0) −1.7(28.9) 6.2(43.2) Averageprecipitationmm(inches) 39(1.5) 32(1.3) 38(1.5) 55(2.2) 63(2.5) 84(3.3) 61(2.4) 63(2.5) 47(1.9) 37(1.5) 56(2.2) 44(1.7) 619(24.5) Averageprecipitationdays(≥1.0mm) 7 6 7 8 9 10 7 7 6 6 8 8 89 Averagerelativehumidity(%) 90 85 70 65 65 70 70 70 75 80 85 90 76.3 Meanmonthlysunshinehours 68.2 92.4 145.7 186.0 235.6 258.0 294.5 266.6 207.0 164.3 81.0 58.9 2,058.2 Source:HongKongObservatory.[22] Economy[edit] ThemostknownproductofPécsistheZsolnayPorcelain-AlhambravasebyTádéSikorski(1884) HistoricallyPécswaswellknowninHungaryforitsindustrywithseveralfactories,butafterthefalloftheIronCurtainmanyhavenotmanagedtheeconomictransitionwellandwentbankrupt(e.g.PécsiKesztyűgyár,PécsiBőrgyár,LittkePezsgőgyáretc.).[23]Untilsomeyearsago,ithadacoalanduraniummine,nowonlyitssandmineexistsandisoperatedbytheHungarian-ownedQuartz[24]miningcompany. Thenationally(andtoalimitedextentinternationally)famousporcelainfactory,theZsolnayPorcelainisthegreatestprideofPécs.Thewallsandroofsofseveralpublicandprivatebuildingsinthecityaredecoratedwiththecompany'sporcelainscontributingtoPécs'suniquecityscape. ThePécsiSörfőzde(PécsBrewery)isoneofthefourmainHungarianbreweries(theothersbeingDreherBreweries,BorsodBrewery,HeinekenHungária),buttheonlyoneofthemownedfullybyHungarians.Itproducesaspecialbeer,thatisknownfornotbeingstrainedbeforebottling.[25] TheHungariantextilmanufacturerRovitexHungária,[26]theAmericancranemanufacturerTerex,[27]theHungarianscalemanufacturerPécsiMérlegstúdió,[28]theHungarianfurnituremanufacturerMegyeriBútor,[29]theHungariancutting-toolmanufacturerFORSZ,[30]theGermanswitchboardmanufacturerHB-Kapcsolószekrénygyártó(partoftheBaderGruppe),[31]theHungarianrecyclingcompanyAlcufer,[32]theHungarianagriculturalvehiclemanufacturerHIDROT,[33]theHungariananimalhusbandrytoolmanufacturerÖnitató,[34]thetobaccofactoryPécsiDohánygyár(ownedbyBritishAmericanTobacco),theHungarianautomotivesparepartsmanufacturerMatro,[35]theHungariansafemanufacturerStraussMetal,[36]theHungarianpackagingmachinemanufacturerSOMAPAK,[37]theHungarianplasticsproducerTermoplast,[38]theBoczPrintingHouse,[39]theHungarianpicklesmanufacturerBabina,[40]theHungarianplasticproductmanufacturerKarsaiPécs,[41]theHungarianmetalmanufacturerRinerMetal[42]basedthereandhavetheirproductionfacilitiesinthecity. Thereisagradualdevelopmentofmodernhigh-techindustry,withFinnishelectronicsmanufacturingcompanyElcoteqthelargestindustrialemployerinthecity,theHungarianZElektronika[43]electronicsmanufacturerandtheHungarianTGNetcom[44]ITnetworkmanufacturer. TheGermantransportationcompany,DachserhasalogisticscentreinPécs.[45] TheBiokom[46]wastemanagementandrecyclingcompany(ownedbythecity)isresponsibleforthetransportandrecyclingofwasteinthewholeterritoryofPécsandthesurroundingareas.TheenergyusedinthesettlementisproducedmainlybythetwobiomasspowerplantsofPannonpower(partofVeolia)whichconsistsofa49,9MWwoodchip-firedanda35MWagriculturalby-product-firedpowerplants.[47]Thecountry'slargestsolarcellfieldisalsoinPécs,thankstothecity'ssouthernlocationandlongersunnyhours,whichcanproduceabout10MWenergyayear.ThesolarpowerplantisoperatedbyMVMHungarowind(partoftheMVMGroup).[48] TheExpoCenterPécsExhibitionandConferenceCentreprovidesplaceforinternationalexhibitionsandconferences.[49] Education[edit] TheUniversityofPécswasfoundedbyLouisIofHungaryin1367.ItistheoldestuniversityinHungary,andisamongthefirstEuropeanuniversities.Intherecentpastitusedtobedividedintwouniversities,oneforMedicineandOrthodontics(POTE)[50]andalargeroneforotherstudies:JPTE(JanusPannoniusTudományegyetem).ThePOTE(PécsUniversityMedicalSchool,nowknownastheMedicalSchool)hasalargeEnglishprogramforgeneralmedicineanddentistry(withstudentsfromAmerica,Asia,Africa,andEuropeancountries-includingmanyScandinavians)andanewGermanprogram.On1January2000theseuniversitieswerecombinedunderthenameUniversityofPécs(acronym:PTE-PécsiTudományegyetem-UniversityofPécs).Nowadays,theUniversityofPécshasbecomethemostinternationalizeduniversityinHungarywitharound5000internationalstudentsoutofthetotalofapproximately20000students(around25%).[51] Politics[edit] ThecurrentmayorofPécsisAttilaPéterffy(PécsJövője,ÖtTorony). ThelocalMunicipalAssembly,electedatthe2019localgovernmentelections,ismadeupof26members(1Mayor,18IndividualconstituenciesMEPsand7CompensationListMEPs)dividedintothispoliticalpartiesandalliances:[52] FideszpoliciesinPécshaveincludedalawmakinghomelessnessillegal(2014)[53]andanofficialcalltopropertyownersnottomakespaceavailableforanNGOsupportedbyOSF(2017).[54] Party Seats CurrentMunicipalAssembly   PécsJövője[a] 18 M                                     Fidesz-KDNP-ÖPE 7                                       PoliticsCanBeDifferent 1                                     Listofmayors[edit] ListofCityMayorsfrom1990: Member Party Termofoffice ZoltánKrippl SZDSZ 1990–1994 ZsoltPáva Fidesz 1994–1998 LászlóToller MSZP 1998–2006 PéterTasnádi MSZP 2006–2009 ZsoltPáva Fidesz 2009–2019 AttilaPéterffy Independent[a] 2019– Transport[edit] TrainsatPécsCentralStation Volvo7900AbusonLine2Aindowntown Internationalairport. Vehiculartraffic[edit] TheM6/M60motorwayconnectsPécsandBudapestwiththedrivingtimebetweenthetwocitiestakingabout1+1⁄2hoursnow.Theentirerouteopenedon31March2010.Route6crossesthecitygivingitaneast–westaxleandleavesittowardsBarcsbytheCroatianborder.Secondaryroutesare: Route57:Pécs-Mohács, Route58:Pécs-Drávaszabolcs, Route66:Pécs-Kaposvár. Railway[edit] PécsisconnectedtoBudapestthroughPusztaszabolcs,andhasdirectconnectionstoMohács,Nagykanizsa. DesignedbyFerencPfaff,[55]themainrailwaystationwasbuiltin1900andbecamealistedbuildingin2008.[56]ThebuildingitselfwasbuiltinthestyleofRenaissanceEclecticism,anditfeaturesreliefsdepictingJamesWattandGeorgeStephensondesignedbyKleinÁrminandmadebyZsolnayfactory[57]Amasstransithub-includingabusterminal,abusstopandacabrankzone-issituatedonthesquareinfrontoftherailwaystation. Masstransport[edit] VolvoandKravtex-CredobusesprovidetheonlyformofpublictransportinPécs,thoughatramlinedidoperatefrom1913to1960,whenitwasshutdownduetochangingtransportationpolicy.Mostoftheremnantsofthisoldersystemhavebeenremoved,thoughafewrailsmaystillbeseenaroundthecity. Airport[edit] AnewairportopenedinPécsPécs-PogányInternationalAirportinMarch2006.Itsmaintrafficissuppliedbysmallercharterplanes. Sport[edit] PécsiMFC,footballclubplayingintheNemzetiBajnokságII PécsiVasutasSK,footballclubplayingintheBaranyamegye(regional)league PEAC-Pécsfirst-classwomen'sprofessionalbasketballteam PécsiVSK,men'swaterpoloteam PécsiIndiánokSK,rugbyclub NotablepeopleborninPécs[edit] ZoltánGera LászlóSólyom,HungarianPresident2005-2010 KárolyBaloghMankóbükipresidentoftheRoyalCourtofPécs. MarcelBreuer,architectandfurnituredesigner PálDárdai,footballplayer PetarDobrović,Serbpainterandpresidentoftheshort-livedBaranya-BajaRepublic JózsefEötvös(musician),guitarist DezsőErnster,MetropolitanOperabass SigismundErnuszt,bishopofPécs LipótFejér,mathematician Alfréd(Fred)Forbát,Bauhausarchitect ZoltánGera,footballplayer LeopoldHirschfeld,brewer,founderofthePécsiSörfőzde JánosHorvay,sculptor KatinkaHosszú,swimmer,3xgoldmedallistatthe2016OlympicGames ZsuzsannaJakabos,swimmer JenőJandó,pianist GyörgyKlimó,bishopofPécs,founderofpressandpubliclibrary DezsőLauber,sportsmanandarchitect LászlóLénárd,neuroscientist,physician KatóLomb,interpreter,languagemaster Maximinus(PraetorianPrefect) FarkasMolnár(1897–1945)wasaHungarianarchitect,painter,essayist,andgraphicartist. JanusPannonius,bishopofPécs İbrahimPeçevi(IbrahimofPécs),Ottomanhistorianandchronicler Karl(Freiherr)vonPflanzer-Baltin AntonvonRosas,ophthalmologist JoeRudán,singer LászlóSólyom,presidentofHungary BélaTarr,filmdirector OlgaTass,Olympicgymnast VictorVasarely,artist BalázsZamostny(bornin1992),Hungarianfootballer Twintowns–sistercities[edit] Seealso:ListoftwintownsandsistercitiesinHungary Pécsistwinnedwith:[58][59] Arad,Romania Beyoğlu,Turkey Cluj-Napoca,Romania Fellbach,Germany Graz,Austria Kraków,Poland Kütahya,Turkey Lahti,Finland NoviSad,Serbia Olomouc,CzechRepublic Osijek,Croatia Seattle,UnitedStates Shiraz,Iran Shkodër,Albania Sliven,Bulgaria Terracina,Italy Tucson,UnitedStates Tuzla,BosniaandHerzegovina Zagreb,Croatia ThecityalsohasaninformalfriendshiplinkwithPeterborough,England. Gallery[edit] Cathedral ArchivesofPécs Innercity MosqueofPashaQasim KirályStreet UniversityofPécs KirályStreet PostaPalace EosinglazeofZsolnayfountain JókaiSquare CityCentre NádorHotel Chapel HavihegyChapel RuinsinTettye Synagogue YakovalıHasanPaşaMosque HungarianAcademyofSciencesinPécs UniversityofPécs-FacultyofHumanityandNaturalSciences LajosKossuthstatue KossuthsquareandGreatSynagogue French(NapoleonicWar)monument Tettye Aerialview Panorama PannonpowerEnergyStation Logoofthe2010EuropeanCapitalofCulture Seealso[edit] Lovepadlocks MusicofPécs PécsBrewery LakePécs References[edit] HistoryofPécs(inHungarian) ^"OECD-FUNCTIONALURBANAREASINOECDCOUNTRIES:HUNGARY"(PDF). ^abcd"DetailedGazetteerofHungary".www.ksh.hu. ^abSlovenskáreč:časopisprevýskumakultúruslovenskéhojazyka-GoogleKnihy.1998.Retrieved2013-03-12. ^PécsklímájaArchived2008-06-09attheWaybackMachine ^Kft.,BioDigit."Mecsek-hegység-Lexikon ::".www.kislexikon.hu. ^"Pécs,akultúravárosa".Pécs,akultúravárosa. ^"EarlyChristianNecropolisofPécs(Sopianae)".UNESCO.UNESCO.2015-03-03.Retrieved2015-03-03. ^abcLajosGubcsi,HungaryintheCarpathianBasin,MoDZrínyiMediaLtd,2011 ^Kleindel:Österreich,Zahlen–Daten-Fakten,SonderausgabeA&M2004,ISBN3-902397-49-7 ^www.okm.gov.hu,OktatásiésKulturálisMinisztériumoldala,AzOktatásiÉvkönyv2008/2009letölthetőPDF-formátumban.Archived2007-06-25attheWaybackMachine ^PécskulturálisközpontArchived2009-03-15attheWaybackMachine ^LadislavHeka,2016,TheBordersOfBaranja SinceTheMiddleAgesUntilToday,http://baza.gskos.hr/Graniceidentiteti.pdf#page=29 ^"DieVertreibung–LandsmannschaftderDeutschenausUngarn". ^Molnar,Miklos.(2001).AConciseHistoryofHungary.Englishtranslation.Cambridge,UK:CambridgeUniversityPress. ^"Pécs,atoleránsváros-HetekKözéletiHetilap".HetekKözéletiHetilap. ^www.livcomawards.com,OfficialsiteofLivComawardsArchived2010-03-12attheWaybackMachine ^www.ddrkh.hu,2008.november12.-PécsmásodiklettazÉlhetőTelepülésekdöntőjébenArchived2009-03-05attheWaybackMachine ^"BETA–Pécs-BaranyaiKereskedelmiésIparkamara".www.pbkik.hu. ^"MárépítikapécsiBúzatérenaCorsót-BAMA". ^"www.peh.hu,ElindultaSopianae-terv,épülaDéliIpariPark".[permanentdeadlink] ^[Pécsreáramlikatőkewww.origo.hu,2008.07.17.-Pécsreáramlikatőke] ^ClimatologicalInformationforPecs,Hungary,accessed6April2012. ^Viktor,Gyimesi(26July2016)."TelevanPécsaziparoscsaládokörökségeivel".www.pecsma.hu. ^"QuartzKft-Bemutatkozás".quartzkft.hu. ^"Astílusodegyedi,kívül,belül-PécsiSör".pecsisor.hu. ^"ÚjgyártócsarnokotkapapécsiRovitexHungáriaKft.-BEOL". ^"Locations-TerexCranes".www.terex.com. ^"Cégünkről".merlegstudio.hu. ^butorlapszabaszat.hu."MegyeriBútorKft.–bútorlapszabászat–Pécs-OrszágosBútorlapszabászatésLapszabászatkereső".butorlapszabaszat.hu. ^"FORSZLtd.-".forszkft.hu. ^"Kontakt". ^"Bemutatkozás—AlcuferKft".www.alcufer.hu. ^Kft.,MarkconInformatikai."HIDROTKft. »Cégbemutató".hidrot.hu. ^"Önitató". ^"Rólunk–Matro".matro.hu. ^"Rólunk-StraussMetalKft.Biztonságtechnikakisésnagyker,Páncélszekrény,széf,lemezszekrénygyártás,Lemezvágás,Lemezmegmunkálás,lézervágás,élhajlítás".www.straussmetal.hu. ^"Somapak-History".somapak.hu. ^"Companyreview-TERMOPLASTMűanyagfeloldgozóKkt".www.termoplast.hu. ^"BocznyomdaipariKft.–Ofszet-ésdigitálisnyomdaPécsen".bocznyomda.hu. ^Kft.,MarkconInformatikai."PannonFlavour".pannonflavours.org.Archivedfromtheoriginalon2018-10-11.Retrieved2018-05-08. ^"KarsaiPecsKft.CompanyProfile-EMIS".www.emis.com. ^Web-E."Riner-MetalKft".riner.hu. ^"ZElektronikaKft".zelektronika.eu. ^"TGNetcomKft.-Ourcompany".www.tgnetcom.hu. ^"DachserTelephelyek". ^"CÉGBEMUTATÁS-Biokom". ^"Pannonpower-Tevékenységünk".Archivedfromtheoriginalon2018-05-09.Retrieved2018-05-08. ^Zrt.,REGONMédia."Óriásinaperőműépültapécsihőerőműhelyére". ^"ExpoCenterPécs".www.expocenterpecs.hu. ^"PTEÁltalánosOrvostudományiKar".PTEÁltalánosOrvostudományiKar. ^"InternationalRelationsinaNutshell".international.pte.hu.Retrieved2022-01-29. ^"Városiközgyűléstagjai2019-2024-Pécs(Baranyamegye)".valasztas.hu.Retrieved2019-10-29. ^"Pécsbanshomelessfrompublicareas".TheBudapestBeacon.2014-09-26.Retrieved2018-02-28. ^"PécsadoptsdeclarationcallingonpropertyownerstorefrainfromrentingpropertytoOSFgrantee".TheBudapestBeacon.2017-12-14.Retrieved2018-02-28. ^www.idokep.hu,Pécs[permanentdeadlink] ^napilapcsoport.hu."PécsiNapilap".www.pecsinapilap.hu. ^"ExpiredRedirects".sketchup.google.com. ^"TwincitiesofPécs".pecseconomy.eu.ChamberofCommerceandIndustryofPécs-Baranya.Retrieved2021-09-13. ^"BinjakëzimmesShkodrësdheqytetitPecnëHungari".ata.gov.al(inAlbanian).AgjenciaTelegrafikeShqiptare.2018-10-12.Retrieved2020-11-08. Notes ^abSupportedbyOppositioncoalition. Externallinks[edit] WikimediaCommonshasmediarelatedtoPécs. WikivoyagehasatravelguideforPécs. Wikisourcehasthetextofthe1911EncyclopædiaBritannicaarticle"Pécs". Officialhomepage BaranyaCountyMuseums'Directorate Pécsin360panoramicimages Aerialphotography:Pécs GlasKoncilaHrvatskanazočnostu"graduspetcrkava",Oct7,2007(pageaboutCroatsinPécs) Mecsek-1956-History Pécsszállás(accommodation) Pécsatfuniq.hu(inEnglish) CsakisittPécsen!–videoclip Coordinates:46°04′16″N18°13′59″E/46.07111°N18.23306°E/46.07111;18.23306 vteTownsandvillagesofPécsDistrictCitywithcountyrights(1) Pécs(districtseat) Town(1) Kozármisleny Villages(38) Abaliget Aranyosgadány Áta Bakonya Berkesd Birján Bogád Bosta Cserkút Egerág Ellend Gyód Görcsöny Hosszúhetény Husztót Keszü Kisherend Kovácsszénája Kökény Kővágószőlős Kővágótöttös Lothárd Magyarsarlós Nagykozár Orfű Ócsárd Pécsudvard Pellérd Pereked Pogány Regenye Romonya Szalánta Szemely Szilágy Szilvás Szőke Szőkéd vteBaranyaCountyCitywithcountyrights Pécs(countyseat) Towns Bóly Harkány Komló Kozármisleny Mágocs Mohács Pécsvárad Sásd Sellye Siklós Szentlőrinc Szigetvár Villány Largevillages Beremend Szászvár Vajszló Villages Abaliget Adorjás Ág Almamellék Almáskeresztúr Alsómocsolád Alsószentmárton Apátvarasd Aranyosgadány Áta Babarc Babarcszőlős Bakóca Bakonya Baksa Bánfa Baranyahídvég Baranyajenő Baranyaszentgyörgy Basal Belvárdgyula Berkesd Besence Bezedek Bicsérd Bikal Birján Bisse Boda Bodolyabér Bogdása Bogád Bogádmindszent Boldogasszonyfa Borjád Bosta Botykapeterd Bükkösd Bár Bürüs Csányoszró Csarnóta Csebény Cserdi Cserkút Csertő Csonkamindszent Cún Dencsháza Dinnyeberki Diósviszló Drávacsehi Drávacsepely Drávafok Drávaiványi Drávakeresztúr Drávapalkonya Drávapiski Drávaszabolcs Drávaszerdahely Drávasztára Dunaszekcső Egerág Egyházasharaszti Egyházaskozár Ellend Endrőc Erdősmecske Erdősmárok Erzsébet Fazekasboda Feked Felsőegerszeg Felsőszentmárton Garé Gerde Geresdlak Gerényes Gilvánfa Gödre Görcsöny Görcsönydoboka Gordisa Gyód Gyöngyfa Gyöngyösmellék Hásságy Hegyhátmaróc Hegyszentmárton Helesfa Hetvehely Hidas Himesháza Hirics Hobol Homorúd Horváthertelend Hosszúhetény Husztót Ibafa Illocska Ipacsfa Ivánbattyán Ivándárda Kacsóta Kákics Kárász Kásád Kátoly Katádfa Kékesd Kémes Kemse Keresztespuszta Keszü Kétújfalu Királyegyháza Kisasszonyfa Kisbeszterce Kisbudmér Kisdobsza Kisdér Kishajmás Kisharsány Kisherend Kisjakabfalva Kiskassa Kislippó Kisnyárád Kisszentmárton Kistamási Kistapolca Kistótfalu Kisvaszar Kisújbánya Köblény Kökény Kölked Kórós Kővágószőlős Kővágótöttös Kovácshida Kovácsszénája Lánycsók Lapáncsa Liget Lippó Liptód Lothárd Lovászhetény Lúzsok Magyarbóly Magyaregregy Magyarhertelend Magyarlukafa Magyarmecske Magyarsarlós Magyarszék Magyartelek Majs Mánfa Márfa Máriakéménd Markóc Márok Martonfa Maráza Marócsa Matty Máza Mecseknádasd Mecsekpölöske Mekényes Merenye Meződ Mindszentgodisa Molvány Monyoród Mozsgó Nagybudmér Nagycsány Nagydobsza Nagyhajmás Nagyharsány Nagykozár Nagynyárád Nagypall Nagypeterd Nagytótfalu Nagyváty Nemeske Nyugotszenterzsébet Óbánya Ócsárd Ófalu Okorvölgy Okorág Olasz Old Orfű Oroszló Ózdfalu Palkonya Palotabozsok Palé Páprád Patapoklosi Pécsbagota Pécsdevecser Pécsudvard Pellérd Pereked Peterd Pettend Piskó Pócsa Pogány Rádfalva Regenye Romonya Rózsafa Sámod Sárok Sátorhely Siklósbodony Siklósnagyfalu Somberek Somogyapáti Somogyhatvan Somogyhárságy Somogyviszló Sósvertike Sumony Szabadszentkirály Szágy Szajk Szalatnak Szalánta Szaporca Szárász Szava Szebény Szederkény Székelyszabar Szellő Szemely Szentdénes Szentegát Szentkatalin Szentlászló Szilvás Szilágy Szőke Szőkéd Szörény Szulimán Szűr Tarrós Tékes Teklafalu Tengeri Tésenfa Téseny Tófű Tormás Tótszentgyörgy Töttös Túrony Udvar Újpetre Várad Varga Vásárosbéc Vásárosdombó Vázsnok Vejti Vékény Velény Véménd Versend Villánykövesd Vokány Zádor Zaláta Zengővárkony Zók Othertopics History Geography Government Economy Culture Tourism vteRegionalcapitalsofHungary    Békéscsaba,BékésBudapest,PestDebrecen,Hajdú-BiharEger,Heves Győr,Győr-Moson-SopronKaposvár,SomogyKecskemét,Bács-KiskunMiskolc,Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén Nyíregyháza,Szabolcs-Szatmár-BeregPécs,BaranyaSalgótarján,NógrádSzeged,Csongrád Székesfehérvár,FejérSzekszárd,TolnaSzolnok,Jász-Nagykun-SzolnokSzombathely,Vas Tatabánya,Komárom-EsztergomVeszprém,VeszprémZalaegerszeg,Zala vteLargestcitiesinHungary1,000,000+ Budapest 150,000+ Debrecen Szeged Miskolc 100,000+ Pécs Győr Nyíregyháza Kecskemét 50,000+ Székesfehérvár Szombathely Érd Szolnok Tatabánya Sopron Kaposvár Veszprém Békéscsaba Zalaegerszeg Eger vteCitieswithcountyrightsofHungary(alphabeticalorder) Baja(Bács-Kiskun) Békéscsaba(Békés) Debrecen(Hajdú-Bihar) Dunaújváros(Fejér) Eger(Heves) Érd(Pest) Esztergom(Komárom-Esztergom) Győr(Győr-Moson-Sopron) Hódmezővásárhely(Csongrád) Kaposvár(Somogy) Kecskemét(Bács-Kiskun) Miskolc(Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén) Nagykanizsa(Zala) Nyíregyháza(Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg) Pécs(Baranya) Salgótarján(Nógrád) Sopron(Győr-Moson-Sopron) Szeged(Csongrád) Szekszárd(Tolna) Székesfehérvár(Fejér) Szolnok(Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok) Szombathely(Vas) Tatabánya(Komárom-Esztergom) Veszprém(Veszprém) Zalaegerszeg(Zala) vteEuropeanCapitalsofCulture 1985 Athens 1986 Florence 1987 Amsterdam 1988 WestBerlin 1989 Paris 1990 Glasgow 1991 Dublin 1992 Madrid 1993 Antwerp 1994 Lisbon 1995 LuxembourgCity 1996 Copenhagen 1997 Thessaloniki 1998 Stockholm 1999 Weimar 2000 Reykjavík Bergen Helsinki Brussels Prague Kraków SantiagodeCompostela Avignon Bologna 2001 Rotterdam Porto 2002 Bruges Salamanca 2003 Graz Plovdiv 2004 Genoa Lille 2005 Cork 2006 Patras 2007 LuxembourgCity Sibiu 2008 Liverpool Stavanger 2009 Linz Vilnius 2010 Essen Istanbul Pécs 2011 Turku Tallinn 2012 Maribor Guimarães 2013 Košice Marseille 2014 Umeå Riga 2015 Mons Plzeň 2016 SanSebastián Wrocław 2017 Aarhus Paphos 2018 Valletta Leeuwarden 2019 Plovdiv Matera 2020-April2021 Rijeka Galway 2022 Kaunas Esch-sur-Alzette NoviSad 2023 Veszprém Timișoara Elefsina 2024 Tartu BadIschl Bodø 2025 NovaGorica/Gorizia Chemnitz 2026 Oulu Trenčín 2027 Liepāja vteWorldHeritageSitesinHungaryCultural Budapest,includingtheBanksoftheDanube,theBudaCastleQuarterandAndrássyAvenue EarlyChristianNecropolisofPécs(Sopianae) OldVillageofHollókőanditsSurroundings HortobágyNationalPark-thePuszta Fertő/NeusiedlerseeCulturalLandscape1 MillenaryBenedictineAbbeyofPannonhalmaanditsNaturalEnvironment TokajWineRegionHistoricCulturalLandscape Natural CavesofAggtelekKarstandSlovakKarst2 1SharedwithAustria 2SharedwithSlovakia AuthoritycontrolGeneral VIAF 1 WorldCat Nationallibraries France(data) Germany Israel UnitedStates CzechRepublic Other MusicBrainzarea Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pécs&oldid=1104545204" Categories:PécsCountyseatsinHungaryCitieswithcountyrightsofHungaryPopulatedplacesinBaranyaCountyWorldHeritageSitesinHungaryBaranya(region)HistoryofBaranya(region)HungarianGermancommunitiesRomansettlementsinHungaryHiddencategories:Pageswithnon-numericformatnumargumentsWebarchivetemplatewaybacklinksAllarticleswithdeadexternallinksArticleswithdeadexternallinksfromJanuary2019ArticleswithpermanentlydeadexternallinksArticleswithdeadexternallinksfromNovember2017CS1Albanian-languagesources(sq)ArticleswithshortdescriptionShortdescriptionisdifferentfromWikidataArticlescontainingHungarian-languagetextArticleswithhAudiomicroformatsArticlescontainingCroatian-languagetextArticlescontainingGerman-languagetextAllarticleswithunsourcedstatementsArticleswithunsourcedstatementsfromFebruary2007ArticlescontainingLatin-languagetextArticlescontainingSlovak-languagetextArticlescontainingSerbian-languagetextArticlescontainingCzech-languagetextArticlescontainingDutch-languagetextArticleswithunsourcedstatementsfromJune2008ArticleswithHungarian-languagesources(hu)CommonslinkisonWikidataCoordinatesonWikidataArticleswithVIAFidentifiersArticleswithWORLDCATIDidentifiersArticleswithBNFidentifiersArticleswithGNDidentifiersArticleswithJ9UidentifiersArticleswithLCCNidentifiersArticleswithNKCidentifiersArticleswithMusicBrainzareaidentifiers 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