Illocutionary act | Psychology Wiki - Fandom

For example, in order to perform a promise I must make clear to my audience that the promise occurs, and making the promise involves the undertaking of an ... PsychologyWiki Explore MainPage AllPages Community InteractiveMaps RecentBlogPosts TopContent most_visited Raceandintelligence(Averagegapsamongraces) Impregnationfetish Pregnancyfetishism Dominationandsubmission(BDSM) FiveTemperaments Masturbation Incest newly_changed Exhibitionism Physiologist Seaturtles Palatineuvula Maritalrape Initiativestopreventsexualviolence Raptophilia Journals Psychologyjournals BritishJournalofClinicalPsychology BritishJournalofDevelopmentalPsychology BritishJournalofEducationalPsychology BritishJournalofHealthPsychology BritishJournalofMathematicalandStatisticalPsychology BritishJournalofMedicalPsychology Animalbehavior CompPsy Behavioralecology Animalethology Imprinting(psychology) Ratmodel Rat:Physiologicalpsychology Apemodel community RecentBlogs Communityportal forum FANDOM Games Anime Movies TV Video Wikis ExploreWikis CommunityCentral StartaWiki Register Don'thaveanaccount? SignIn Advertisement in: Articlesthatneedtobewikified,Philosophy,Pragmatics, and 2more Philosophyoflanguage PagesusingISBNmagiclinks Illocutionaryact Viewsource History Talk(0) watch 01:25 JurassicWorld:DominionDominatesFandomWikis-TheLoop Doyoulikethisvideo? PlaySound Assessment| Biopsychology| Comparative| Cognitive| Developmental| Language| Individualdifferences| Personality| Philosophy| Social| Methods| Statistics| Clinical| Educational| Industrial| Professionalitems| Worldpsychology| Language: Linguistics· Semiotics· Speech IllocutionaryactisatechnicaltermthathasbeenintroducedbyJohnL.Austininthecourseofhisinvestigationsconcerningwhathecalls'performative'and'constativeutterances'.AccordingtoAustin'soriginalexpositioninhisfamousHowtoDoThingsWithWords,anillocutionaryactisanact(1)fortheperformanceofwhichImustmakeitcleartosomeotherpersonthattheactisperformed(Austinspeaksofthe'securingofuptake'),and(2)theperformanceofwhichinvolvestheproductionofwhatAustincalls'conventionalconsequences'like,e.g.,rights,commitments,orobligations.Forexample,inordertoperformapromiseImustmakecleartomyaudiencethatthepromiseoccurs,andmakingthepromiseinvolvestheundertakingofanobligationtodothepromisedthing:hencepromisingisanillocutionaryactinthepresentsense. However,forcertainreasons,amongtheminsufficientknowledgeofAustin'soriginalexposition,theterm'illocutionaryact'isnowadaysunderstoodinquiteanumberofotherways.Forexample,manydefinethetermwithreferencetoexamples,sayingsuchthingsasthatanyspeechactthatamountstostating,questioning,commanding,promising,andsoon,isanillocutionaryact;theythenoftenfailtogiveanysenseoftheexpression'illocutionaryact'capableofmakingclearwhatbeinganillocutionaryactessentiallyconsistsin. ItisalsooftenemphasisedthatAustinintroducedtheillocutionaryactbymeansofacontrastwithotherkindsofacts:theillocutionaryact,hesays,isanactperformedinsayingsomething,ascontrastedwithalocutionaryact,theactofsayingsomething,andalsocontrastedwithaperlocutionaryact,anactperformedbysayingsomething. Stillanotherconceptionof"illocutionaryacts"goesbacktoSchiffer'sfamousbook'Meaning'(1972),inwhichtheillocutionaryactisrepresentedasjusttheactofmeaningsomething. FollowingtheconceptionofBachandHarnishasintroducedin'LinguisticCommunicationandSpeechActs'(1979),again,anillocutionaryactisanattempttocommunicate,somethingwhichBachandHarnishanalyseagainastheexpressingofanattitude. Accordingtoawidespreadopinion,anadequateandusefulaccountof"illocutionaryacts"hasbeenprovidedbyJohnR.Searle(e.g.,1969,1979).However,asisshownindetailbyDoerge(2006),Searle'scontributionsremainintheirsubstanceveryfragmentaryandarefarfromrepresentinganelaboratedtheory;whatSearledoespresenthintsatverydifferentconceptionsof"illocutionaryacts"andthusisconcernedwithquitedifferentsubjectmatters;anddespitetheadoptionofAustin'sterminologySearledoesnotafterallaccountfortheconceptionAustinhadintroduced.Nevertheless,Searle'sworks,especiallytheearlierones,havebothincreasedandfertilisedthestudyanduseofthenotionofillocutionaryactstoagreatextent. ThereisabrilliantstudyofAustin'scentralnotions,includingthenotionofan"illocutionaryact",byJanS.Andersson,"Howtodefine'Performative'".Thisbooksurpassesthepresentstateoftheartinanumberofimportantaspects.Unfortunately,ithasbeenalmostcompletelyignoredbythescholarshipoftheAnglo-Americantradition--perhapsbecauseitisbothverydenselywrittenandaccuratelyworkedout,andthusnoteasytoread. Contents 1Illocutionaryforce 2Illocutionaryforceindicators 3Illocutionarynegations 4Seealso 5References&Bibliography 6Externallinks Illocutionaryforce ThenotionofanillocutionaryforceremainsratherunclearinAustin'soriginalaccount.SomefollowersofAustinas,e.g.,DavidHoldcroftviewillocutionaryforceasthepropertyofanutterancetobemadewithacertainintention,namely,theintentiontoperformthisorthatillocutionaryact--ascontrastedwiththesuccessfulperformanceoftheact,whichissupposedfurthertorequiretheappropriatenessofcertaincircumstances.Accordingtothisconception,myutteranceof"Ibetyoufivepoundsthatitwillrain"maywellhaveanillocutionaryforceevenifyoudon'thearme.However,otherscholarsas,e.g.,BachandHarnishassumeillocutionaryforcejustincasethisorthatillocutionaryactisactually(successfully,thatmeans)performed.Accordingtothisconception,youmusthaveheardandunderstoodthatIwanttobetyouinorderformyutterancetohave'illocutionaryforce'. Someutterances'illocutionaryforceisnotquiteobvious:ifsomeonesays,"itsureiscoldinhere",theeffectofthestatementiscontextual.Itcouldbethatthepersonissimplydescribingtheroom,inwhichcasetheillocutionaryforcewouldbethedescriptionofthetemperatureoftheroom.Ifitispossibletochangetheenvironment,saybyturninguptheheatorclosingawindow,theperson'sintentmaybetogetsomeoneelsetodosomethingaboutthecold,inwhichcasetheillocutionaryforcewouldbetheotherperson'saction.ThislatteruseisreferredtoasanIndirectSpeechActasthestandardillocutionaryforceofaquestionistoextractinformationbutherebyimplicitlymakingacommandthespeakerisdeviatingfromthenormalpurposeofaquestion. Illocutionaryforceindicators Illocutionaryforceindicators,accordingtothecommonconceptionofthenotion,showhowagivenpropositionistobetaken,whatillocutionaryforcetheutteranceistohave,orwhatillocutionaryactthespeakerisperforming.ExamplesinEnglishinclude:wordorder,stress,intonationcontour,punctuation,themoodoftheverb,performativeverbs,andcontext.InEnglish,illocutionaryforceindicatorsarenotalwaysreadilyidentifiable.Theyaresometimeshiddeninthedeepstructureofthesentence. Illocutionarynegations Anillocutionarynegationcanbedistinguishedfromapropositionalnegationbyconsideringthedifferencebetween"Idonotpromisetocome."and"Ipromisenottocome."Thefirstisanillocutionarynegation-the'not'negatesthepromise.Thesecondisapropositionalnegation.Generally,illocutionarynegationschangethetypeofillocutionaryact. Seealso J.L.Austin linguistics performativeutterance perlocutionaryact pragmatics semantics References&Bibliography Thisarticleorsectionneedstobewikified.PleaseformatthisarticleaccordingtotheguidelineslaidoutatPsychologywiki:Guidetolayout.Pleaseremovethistemplateafterwikifying. Alston,WilliamP..IllocutionaryActsandSentenceMeaning.Ithaka:CornellUniversityPress.2000 Andersson,JanS..Howtodefine'Performative'.Stockholm:Libertryck.1975 Austin,JohnL..HowToDoThingswithWords.Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress.1975ISBN0-19-281205-X Doerge,FriedrichChristoph.IllocutionaryActs-Austin'sAccountandWhatSearleMadeOutofIt.Tuebingen:TuebingenUniversity.2006 Searle,JohnR..SpeechActs.CambridgeUniversityPress.1969ISBN0-521-07184-4 Searle,JohnR..ExpressionandMeaning.CambridgeUniversityPress.1979ISBN0-521-22901-4 Externallinks ThispageusesCreativeCommonsLicensedcontentfromWikipedia(viewauthors). Categories: Articlesthatneedtobewikified Philosophy Pragmatics Philosophyoflanguage PagesusingISBNmagiclinks CommunitycontentisavailableunderCC-BY-SAunlessotherwisenoted. Advertisement FanFeed 1 Raceandintelligence(Averagegapsamongraces) 2 Impregnationfetish UniversalConquestWiki Let'sGoLuna!Wiki Club57Wiki FollowonIG TikTok JoinFanLab